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Return of Foundation (WAQF) originated immovable ownership to the foundation
No full textTasarruf edenlerin veya maliklerin (Hazine dışında) mirasçı bırakmadan ölüm- leri, kaybolmaları, terk veya mübadil gibi durumlara dü şmeleri halinde icareteynli ve mukataalı taşınmaz malların mülkiyeti vakfı adına tescil edilir (VK m. 17). Vakıf malvarlığının özel mülkiyete tabi eşyadan vakfedilmesi esastır. Ancak tarihi süreç içinde devlet malı olan miri araziden de çok sayıda taşınmazın icareteyn veya mukataa usulüyle vakfedildiğini görüyoruz. 1935’ten itibaren icareteyn ve mukataalı vakıf taşınmazları taviz bedeli yoluyla mutasarrıflarının mülkiyetine geçirilerek tasfiye edilmiştir. Her türlü vakıf ta şınmazı değil, yaln ızca icareteynli ve mukataalı usulle tasarruf edilen taşınmazlar vakfına dönebilecektir. An ılan usuller olağan kiradan farklı olup tasarruf hakkı sahibine mülkiyete yakın haklar bahşetmektedir. Kiracı bu hakkını üçün- cü kişilere devredebileceği gibi ölümü halinde mirasçılarına dahi intikal etmektedir. Gerçekte icareteynli ya da mukataalı olmak bir vakfın değil, vakfa ait her bir ta- şınmaz bakımından değerlendirilmek gerekir. Bir vakfın eş zamanlı olarak birden fazla usulle kiralanmış taşınmazları bulunabilir. Dolayısıyla mahluliyet durumunda tespitin her taşınmaz için ayrı yapılması gerekir.In case of death, disappearance, abandonment or exchange of the savers or owners (other than the Treasury) without leaving an heir, the ownership of the im- movable properties with icareteyn (double rent) and muqataa (a sort of hire similar to the building right or easement) shall be registered in the name of the foundation (Foun- dations Act. Art. 17). It is essential that the foundation’s assets be donated from privately owned proper- ty. However, in the historical process, we see that many immovables from miri lands, which were state property, were donated through icareteyn or muqataa method. Since 1935, icareteyn and mukataa foundation immovables were cleared by transferring the ownership to the disposers through concession price. Only immovables that have been disposed of with the icareteyn and muqataa method will be able to return to the foundation. The procedures are different from the ordinary rent and grant rights close to the ownership. The tenant can transfer this right to third parties or even to his heirs in the event of his death. Icareteyn or muqataa can be the hiring methods of a foundational immovable not the qualification of a foundation. A foundation may have immovables rented simultane- ously with more than one method
Sixth-Grade Students’ Pattern Generalization Approaches
No full textThis study investigates sixth-grade Turkish students’ pattern-generalization approaches among arithmetical generalization, algebraic generalization, and naïve induction. A qualitative case study design was employed. The data was collected from four sixth-grade students through the Pattern Questionnaire (PQ) and individual interviews based on the questionnaire. The findings revealed that all students generalized near terms using arithmetical generalization as the first step and then they mostly looked for a general rule through memorized procedures by skipping far term generalization. When they found the general rule, far terms were calculated by rote. In other words, students did not generalize the pattern to far terms using an algebraic generalization. The current study's findings would give valuable information to the mathematics educators regarding the necessity of avoiding creating a procedural instructional environment by focusing on the rote procedure of finding the general rule of a pattern. These findings would also expand the horizons of curriculum developers regarding the importance of objectives about both near terms and far term generalization by progressing from arithmetical generalization to algebraic generalization
Water Management as a Tool for Conflict Prevention: the Case of the Mena Region
No full textThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is suffering from varying degrees of a water crisis. While the region's water challenge is an enduring one, new problems add layers of complexity and perhaps fragility and instability. Meeting the water challenge requires a better governance of water resources, both internal and transboundary; with a view to constantly renewing the infrastructure and adopting modern technologies. Improved water management, in turn, will contribute to the amelioration of the existing conflicts in the region whether local, country-based or regional. © 2023 Deutsches Orient-Institut. All rights reserved
Out-Of Seismic Performance of Bed-Joint Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (aac) Infill Walls Damaged Under Cyclic In-Plane Displacement Reversals
No full textAll of the sources of funding for the work described in this publication are acknowledged below: 2211-a, scholarship reference number 1649B031700370. PhD scholarship granted to Omer Faruk HaliciScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); [1649B031700370]The infill walls made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), which is a lightweight, fire resistant and energy efficient material, provide effective insulation solutions for building types of structures and becoming more and more popular in earthquake prone regions. Although the number of experimental tests examining the seismic response of clay brick infills is extensive, the amount of prior research on infill walls built of AAC blocks is rather limited. Past research revealed that the use of bed-joint reinforcement is one of the promising solutions to improve the global seismic response of masonry walls by enhancing strength and displacement capacity. In this study, the out-of-plane (OOP) seismic performance of AAC infill walls with flat-truss and innovative cord-type bed-joint reinforcement is experimentally evaluated. Also, consideration is given to the prior in-plane (IP) damage, which was found to degrade the seismic performance of infills in OOP direction. For this purpose, three IP and four OOP, in total, seven experimental tests were performed on four full-scale AAC infill wall specimens. The test parameters were selected in such a way as to make it possible to parametrically compare the OOP performance of AAC infills with flat-truss and cord-type bed-joint reinforcements with unreinforced AAC infill walls, together with the effect of prior IP damage on the OOP response of unreinforced AAC infill walls. It was found that the use of innovative cord-type bed-joint reinforcement improved the OOP strength to a similar extent to what was obtained from the truss-type reinforced specimen. In terms of ultimate displacement and energy dissipation capacity enhancement, the specimen with cord-type reinforcement performed better. In addition, the damages formed due to IP cyclic displacement reversals up to 0.005 drift ratio, which is defined as the drift limit for buildings with brittle infill walls in certain design codes, resulted in a significant reduction in the OOP strength and stiffness properties of AAC infills. The theoretical OOP strength calculations were found to provide unconservative strength values for the IP-damaged specimens
Çok Düşük Enerji Tüketen Taşınabilir Kullanıma Uygun Yapay Sinir Ağlarının Donanım Gerçeklemeleri
No full textYapay sinir ağları (artificial neural networks, ANN) ile ilgili literatürde yer alan araştırmalar ve bunların endüstriyel uygulamaları son yıllarda hızlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Buradaki temel motivasyon, geleneksel yöntemler ile yüksek doğruluklu olarak çözülmesi zor problemlerin ANN?ler ile çözülebilmesidir. Diğer taraftan, ANN?lerin kullanımı geleneksel yöntemlere göre, başta enerji olmak üzere, çok daha fazla donanımsal kaynak gerektirmektedir. Örnek vermek gerekirse, 16×16 boyutunda 256 adet piksel içeren oldukça küçük bir görüntünün her bir pikselinin ve ANN ağırlıklarının 8-bitlik girişler ile temsil edildiğini varsayalım. Bu durumda, tek bir yapay nöron, 256 adet 8-bitlik çarpma işlemi, bu çarpım sonuçlarının toplanması için minimum 16-bitlik 255 adet toplama işlemi ve bu toplam sonucunun normalize edilmesi için bir aktivasyon fonksiyonu gerektirir. Görece küçük büyüklükteki bir ANN?de bu nöronlardan yüzlerce olduğu düşünülürse, bu kadar ağırlığın bellekte tutulmasının ve yapılacak aritmetik işlemlerin, özellikle enerji tüketimi açısından, oldukça maliyetli olacağı açıktır. Bu durum ANN?lerin taşınabilir cihazlarda kullanılabilmelerini fazlasıyla kısıtlamaktadır ve bu çalışmanın temel motivasyonlarından biridir. Önerilen çalışmada, çok düşük enerji tüketen ANN?ler önerilen yeni sayı hibrit gösterimi kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır, donanım optimizasyonları yapılmıştır ve nesne takibi uygulamalarında kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar aşağıdaki üç ana başlıkta değerlendirilebilir. Bu üç ana başlık çalışmanın desteklediği 119E507 Nolu TÜBİTAK projesinde üç iş paketi olarak yer almaktadır. ? ANN enerji tasarrufu için yeni sayı gösterimlerinin sunulması ve devre bloklarının tasarımının yapılması. ? Enerji odaklı ANN donanım tasarımları ve optimizasyonunun yapılması. ? Nesne takibi yapan ANN tasarımlarının özel tümleşik devreler (application specific integration circuits, ASIC) ve alanda programlanabilir kapı dizileri (field programmable gate arrays, FPGA) tasarım platformlarında gerçeklenmesi
But the Poor Needed It More: Children's Judgments on Procedural Justice To Allocate Resources Between Two Candidates Equal in Merit, Different in Need
No full textThe current study investigated children's judgments on procedural justice and its outcomes when the candidates were equal in merit but different in need. A total of 88 children (41 girls and 47 boys) aged 7 to 11 years were individually interviewed (Mage = 8 years 9 months, SD = 14.065 months). Results showed that, regardless of age, children tended to give educational resources to the resource-poor candidates. However, children's welfare considera-tion of the resource-poor candidates increased with age. Children also made differentiated judgments based on the resource type and treated educational materials as more necessary than educa-tional experiences. Children's age and socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with this differentiation. Younger and high-SES children were more likely to view the outcome of procedural jus-tice (i.e., drawing a stick) for allocating an educational experience (i.e., summer camp) as fair when the result favored the resource -rich candidate. Overall, findings revealed that children do not use a unitary form of fairness in the procedural justice context. The shift from strict equality to welfare concerns continues to develop over middle childhood. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
State of the Art in Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation in Turkey
No full textThis paper summarizes the passive structural control system applications and other related developments in Turkey, emphasizing the period between 2019 and 2022. The country hosts state-of-the-art seismic isolation applications, relatively greater in size, and use more isolators in each project (415 isolators per building on average) compared to the other seismic isolation projects worldwide. Construction of the world's largest seismic isolated building, Istanbul Basaksehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital, covering more than 1 million square meters of area and employing more than 2000 seismic isolators, was completed and has been in service since May 2020. 1915 Canakkale Bridge, constructed in memory of the great war of Canakkale during World War I, is now the world's longest suspension bridge with a 2023m main span length. Eight massive hydraulic dampers were used at the main deck and 48 at the approach viaducts in combination with 72 seismic isolators. Construction of a residential building complex in Istanbul consisting of 16 isolated blocks covering more than 170,000 m(2) area and having 454 seismic isolators is coming to an end very soon. Historical Nusretiye Clock Tower in Istanbul was relocated a few meters over seismic isolators. Historical Goztepe Railway Station in Istanbul was retrofitted to accommodate an additional railway line using seismic isolation technology. Seismic codes for buildings and bridges now include rules for the seismically isolated design of structures. Additionally, all seismic isolation designs must be peer-reviewed by law. A new seismic isolator testing facility was established in Eskisehir to respond to the demand for the large number of isolators that need to be tested.Politecnico Torin
Exploring the Library Experience a Study of Two Universities Facilities and Services Through
No full textThis poster study, which is an output of the International Librarians Networking Program 2023 organized under the framework of the American Library Associations, discusses the similarities and differences of two university libraries (MEF University-International Medical University, Malaysia) that were paired with each other as part of the program. Based on the similarities and differences of the two libraries, the study lays out the experiences that the partners learned from each other during the program, and as a result of the experiences, asks what can be done for the future with regards to libraries? The topic is discussed and new suggestions are presented.American Library Association's çatısı altında düzenlenen International Librarians Networking Program 2023’ün bir çıktısı olan bu poster çalışmasında, program dahilinde birbiriyle eşleşen iki üniversite kütüphanesinin (MEF Üniversitesi-International Medical University, Malaysia) benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları ele alınmıştır. İki kütüphanenin benzerlikler ve farklılıklarından hareketle, çalışmada partnerlerin program boyunca birbirlerinden edindikleri deneyimlere yer verilmiş deneyimlerin sonucu olarak kütüphanelerde gelecek için neler yapılabilir? Konusu tartışılarak, yeni öneriler sunulmuştur
Internalized Heterosexism and Exposed Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Lesbian and Bisexual Women in Turkey and Denmark
No full textThe current study investigates how associations between internalized heterosexism (IH) and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization differ for lesbian vs. bisexual (LB) women in Denmark, where queer people are relatively well accepted, and Turkey, where discrimination is still very high. The first purpose of the current study is to explore differences in the prevalence of psychological IPV victimization as a function of sexual orientation (LB women) and country (Denmark and Turkey). As the second purpose, we look at the moderating role of sexual orientation and moderated moderating role of country on the association between IH and psychological IPV victimization. A sample of 257 LB women aged 18-71 years (M = 33.23, SD = 11.15) from Denmark and 152 LB women aged 18-52 years (M = 28.88, SD = 7.70) from Turkey participa- ted. The results of chi-square analyses indicate that LB women from Turkey reported significantly higher psychological IPV victimization than LB women from Denmark. Lesbian than bisexual women from both countries reported more hostile withdrawal and dominance/intimidation-related psychological IPV victimization. The results of moderated moderation analyses reveal that lesbian women in Turkey and bisexual women in Denmark with higher IH were more likely to report experiencing denigration acts. Mental health professionals working with queer psychological IPV survivors may benefit from understanding that IH is associated with LB women's victimization of psychologi- cal IPV, which might be further associated with mental health challenges