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Les Conventions Préparatoires
No full textLa phase précontractuelle est une zone grise, difficile à cerner et gouvernée par la liberté contractuelle. Les parties sont libres d’organiser leurs pourparlers conventionnellement et s’imposer des devoirs contractuels même en période précontractuelle. Par convention précontractuelle nous entendons un acte bilatéral qui vise la conclusion du contrat négocié. Puisque le Code des Obligations turc ne consacre pas une section spécifique aux pourparlers les parties ont grand intérêt à organiser cette phase et définir les règles à suivre et leurs comportements réciproques. Les parties peuvent former des actes précontractuels sous des formes et avec des contenus très variés. Nous allons nous limiter aux actes bilatéraux conclus entre les parties puisque nous examinons les conventions préparatoires. Par conséquent, les actes unilatéraux tels que la lettre d’intention envoyée par l’une des parties avec l’intention de débuter les pourparlers ne seraient pas traités dans cet article. Ainsi nous envisageons une étude sur les conventions précontractuelles en tenant compte de leur effet obligatoire. Dans un premier temps, nous traiterons les conventions qu’on pourrait appeler les contrats préparatoires qui créent un effet obligatoire pour au moins une des parties, et ensuite nous examinerons les conventions munies d’un tel effet
The association of employees' perception of the manager's ambiguous behaviors with likelihood of conflict occurrence: A Cross-Cultural study
No full textThe research aims to provide evidence to explain the contradictive findings in the literature on the organizational conflict phenomenon and the relationship between conflict and culture, by focusing on the relationship between ambiguous behaviors and conflict. To achieve this goal, in the context of low-status compensation theory, the relationship between incivility, humor as ambiguous behaviors, and the likelihood of manager-subordinate conflict occurrence was investigated. To test the culture’s effect on this relationship, survey data were collected from 478 white-collar subordinates working in SMEs in Turkey and the UK. According to the results, the subordinate’s perception of the manager’s ambiguous behaviors affects the likelihood of relationship conflict and task conflict occurrence. In addition, the study reveals that culture is associated with the likelihood of relationship conflict occurrence but not task conflict. The study contributes to the literature by providing evidence for the relationship between humor, incivility, conflict, and culture
Paths From Fragile Masculinity To the Perpetration of Psychological Violence in Young Adult Men: a Test of a Serial Mediator Model
No full textIn the literature, research on the relationships between fragile masculinity, perception towards psychological violence, jealousy and perpetration of psychological violence is quite limited in Turkey and in a sample of young adult men. Therefore, this study examines psychological violence on the basis of fragile masculinity, perception towards psychological violence and cognitive jealousy. The sample of the study consists of 160 young adult men between the ages of 18-30 with romantic relationship experience. The research data were collected through social media channels via an online form. The Fragile Masculinity Scale, Perceptions of Dating Violence Scale, Multidimensional Jealousy Scale and Multidimensional Emotional Abuse Scale Short Form were used to collect the data. Serial Multiple Mediating Variable Analysis was conducted using the PROCESS program. The study reveals that as the level of fragile masculinity of young adult men increases, perceptions towards psychological violence and the tendency to commit psychological violence through jealousy also increase. The findings obtained from the research were discussed within the scope of the literature and suggestions were made regarding the findings.Alanyazında, kırılgan erkeklik, psikolojik şiddete yönelik algı, kıskançlık ve psikolojik şiddet uygulama arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koyan araştırmalar, Türkiye'de ve genç yetişkin erkek örnekleminde oldukça kısıtlıdır. Dolayısıyla, bu araştırma psikolojik şiddeti, kırılgan erkeklik temelinde, psikolojik şiddete yönelik algı ve bilişsel kıskançlık aracılığıyla incelemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, romantik ilişki deneyimi olan 18-30 yaş arası 160 genç yetişkin erkek oluşturmaktadır Araştırma verileri internet üzerinden sosyal medya kanalları aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanması için, Kırılgan Erkeklik Ölçeği, Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Algı Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Kıskançlık Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Duygusal İstismar Ölçeği Kısa Formundan yararlanılmıştır. PROCESS programı kullanılarak Seri Çoklu Aracı Değişken Analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, genç yetişkin erkeklerin kırılgan erkeklik düzeyi arttıkça, psikolojik şiddete yönelik algılar ve kıskançlığın aracılığıyla psikolojik şiddet uygulama eğiliminin de arttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular alanyazın kapsamında ele alınarak tartışılmış, bulgulara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur
Designing restorative landscapes for students: A Kansei engineering approach enhanced by VR and EEG technologies
No full textThis study explores the alignment of specific landscape features within school environments with the core elements of Attention Restoration Theory (ART) that includes Coherence, Fascination, Compatibility, and Being Away. Utilizing Kansei Engineering, this research integrates emotional analysis into landscape design by employing Virtual Reality (VR) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) technologies to record students' responses to different landscape simulations. Analytical techniques, including the Taguchi Method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), were applied to evaluate the data. The findings have revealed that students associate a sense of enclosure with a coherent landscape and openness with a fascinating landscape, the lawn's significance was also highlighted for coherent landscape. However, limited insights were gained regarding Compatibility and Being Away. The study advocates for diverse cognitive zones within school landscapes to promote mental restoration, emphasizing the need for varied design elements that cater to the elevated experience of students.Çankiri Karatekin Üniversitesi, (KYO150219B02); Çankiri Karatekin ÜniversitesiCankiri Karatekin University, Department of Project Support Office, Turkiye [KYO150219B02]This research was supported by the Cankiri Karatekin University, Department of Project Support Office, Turkiye (project KYO150219B02). The authors sincerely thank to Prof. Dr. Alpaslan Kusvuran for the encouragement to initiate the project. The authors are grateful to Mr. Konogan Beaufay for his extensive language check and editing
Adaptive Reuse of High-Rise Buildings for Housing: a Study of Istanbul Central Business District
No full textThe abrupt shift to remote work due to the Covid-19 pandemic increased vacant office spaces globally, especially in high -rent central business districts (CBDs). These vacant office spaces offer the potential for conversion into housing, addressing the shortage of affordable housing in central areas. Additionally, this topic presents a unique experimental ground for architecture students. This study focuses on the Istanbul CBD as a case study, examining the historical developments that led to a rise in office vacancy rates and housing inequality, and exploring the potential for adaptive reuse of these vacant office buildings. A key focus of this study is to underline the pedagogical value of adaptive reuse, highlighting how such projects can inspire more diverse and equitable housing models, fostering experimental and sustainable design approaches. It systematically evaluates the outcomes of a 4th -year architectural design studio that focuses on the adaptive reuse of the Tat Towers in the Istanbul CBD, a structurally vacant high-rise office building, and asks: How does the context of adaptive reuse enable a different design approach, and, potentially, new spatial norms and standards to emerge, and how might this hold a pedagogical value for architecture education? Following these questions, the article discusses how norms and standards are not only culturally but also typologically contextual, and how the students have explored how norms and standards might change, outlining new design approaches to adaptive reuse
"Öğretmenin Yerinde Olsam...”: Dördüncü Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Sınıf İçi Öğretmen Tutumlarına Yönelik Değerlendirmeleri
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı özel bir ilkokulun 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin (N=22) farklı sosyal alanlardaki olası sınıf içi durumlarda serbest bırakan öğretmen tavrına dönük değerlendirmelerini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerden, kopya çeken, kavga edip fiziksel zarar veren, okula üniforma yerine pijama ile gelen, beslenme saatinde yemek seçip yemeyen ve öğretmenine öğretmenim demeyip ismiyle hitap eden öğrencileri ve bu durumlara kayıtsız kalan öğretmenlerini değerlendirmeleri ve değerlendirmelerini gerekçelendirmeleri istenmiştir. Son olarak öğrencilerden öğretmenin yerinde olsalardı sınıf yönetimiyle ilgili bu sorunu nasıl çözecekleri ile ilgili akıl yürütmeleri istenmiştir. Görüşme verileri Sosyal Alan Kuramı (Turiel, 1983, 2002) doğrultusunda geliştirilen kodlama şemasıyla kodlanıp betimleyici analiz yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, öğrencilerin çoğunluğu öğretmenin olaylara veya durumlara müdahale etmemesinin öğrencinin yararına olmadığını, bunun öğrencilerin gelişimlerini olumsuz yönde etkileyeceğini ve öğretmenin görevleri arasında öğrenci davranışlarına müdahale etmek olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Ancak, öğrenciler kavga etmek ve zarar vermek durumuna ahlaki gerekçeler getirirken, okul kıyafeti ve öğretmene hitap meselelerini daha çok toplumsal-geleneksel alan içinde değerlendirmiştir. Sonuçlar gelişimsel psikoloji ve sınıf yönetimi literatürüne referansla tartışılmıştır
Exploring the Drivers of Green Purchase Behaviour: the Moderating Roles of Perceived Expensiveness and Green Scepticism
No full textThis research aims to investigate factors affecting green consumption behaviour by utilising theory of planned behaviour and extends the theory by integrating environmental attitude, perceived expensiveness, and green scepticism variables. The results show that environmental attitude, attitude towards purchasing green products, subjective norms, and perceived behaviour control variables determine green product consumption. The study also presents the partial mediator role of attitude towards buying green products in the relationship between environmental attitude and green product purchase behaviour. Furthermore, perceived expensiveness and green scepticism have negative moderating roles in the relationship between attitudes toward purchasing green products and green purchase behaviour.Yimath;ldimath;z Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination [3925]Y ; imath;ld ; imath;z Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination, Grant/Award Number: 3925
Innovation and Productivity Research in the Last Five Decades: a Bibliometric Analysis
No full textPurpose: This study aims to reveal research trends by revealing the evaluation in this field by making a holistic analysis of academic studies that have examined the concepts of innovation and productivity in the last five decades. This analysis aims to reveal the general structure of academic studies that deal with the concepts of innovation and productivity. Methodology: Articles searched in the ‘‘Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)’’, ‘‘Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)’’ and ‘‘Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)’’ in the ‘‘Web of Science (WoS)’’ database, researching innovation and productivity together between 1980-2023. It was analysed and mapped using the VOSviewer 1.6.19 software and manual methods. Co-occurrence Keyword Analysis, Document Co-citation Analysis and manual analysis methods were used in the mapping. Findings: This study reveals how research in innovation and productivity has developed over the last five decades and what trends it has. It has been determined that the most published areas are Economy, Management and Business. The most frequently used keywords were found to be "innovation", "productivity", "research-and-development", "growth", "performance" and "impact". The most published topics on a cluster basis are "impact", "innovation and productivity", "growth", "research and development" and "performance", respectively. In the document co-citation analysis, it was determined that the publication in which all publications were linked included the study titled "Research, Innovation and Productivity: an econometric analysis at the firm level", published by Crépon et al. (1998). This information can be a valuable resource for future research and policy-making and can be used to drive innovation and productivity progress. Originality: While the study is the first and only content analysis to reveal the combined trends in this field by examining the "innovation and productivity" studies together, it is thought that the results obtained can guide researchers and professionals
Basic Principles of " Hearing Stage" in Criminal Procedure Law
No full textCeza Yargılama Hukuku sürecinde ulaşılmak istenen amaç Medeni Yargılama Hukuku sürecinde olduğu gibi biçimsel gerçeklik değil, daha önce yaşanmış olaya bağlı somut gerçekliktir. Ceza yargılama sürecinin amaçladığı maddi /somut gerçek, hukuka uygun yöntemler ile yapılan araştırma ve soruşturma sonucu elde edilen kanıtlar ve bu kanıtların duruşmada tartışılması ile yargılama sürecinin bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmesi ile ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Bu nedenle de yargılamanın en önemli evresi ilk derece/olay mahkemesindekikovuşturma evresidir. Bu evrenin en önemli aşaması da yargılanan kişinin atılı suçu işleyip işlemediğinin, olayın gerçek olup olmadığının belirlendiği duruşma aşamasıdır. Bu aşamada uyulması zorunlu temel ilkeler vardır. Çünkü daha önce yaşanmış somut olay konusundaki kuşku, duruşmada; iddia, savunma ve yargılama makamlarınca bütün yönleriyle herkesin gözleri önünde sözlü olarak tartışılan ve beş duyuyla algılanan kanıtların ışığında hep birlikte yenilecek ve yalnızca duruşmaya getirtilip tartışılan kantların ışığında edinilen izlenimleregöre oluşan ve ulaşılan vicdani kanıya göre "yargı" (hüküm) kurulacaktır. Bundan dolayı, bu makalemizde Ceza Yargılama Hukuku’nun iki evresi olan soruşturma ve kovuşturma evresi hakkında genel bir bilgi verilip kovuşturma evresinin en yaşamsal aşaması olan duruşma aşamasından, öneminden ve bu aşamada uyulması zorunlu ilkelerden söz edilecektir. Ceza Yargılama Hukuku ile amaçlanan maddi gerçek ancak kovuşturma evresinin duruşma aşamasındaki zorunlu ilkelere uyulması ile ortaya çıkarılacak ve hukuka uygun hükümkurulacaktır.The intended purpose to be achieved in the Criminal Justice Law process is not the formal reality as in the Civil Procedure Law process, but the concrete reality based on the previously experienced event. The material/concrete reality intended by the criminal trial process will be revealed by the evidence obtained asa result of the research and investigation carried out in accordance with the lawful methods and the discussion of this evidence in the trial and the evaluation of the trial process as a whole. Therefore, the most pivotal phase of the criminal procedure is the trial phase at the court of first instance / incident court. The most pivotal stage of this phase is the hearing, during which it is determined whether the person on trial has committed the imputed offence and whether the incident in question is real. There are basic principles that are imperative to follow at this stage. Because the doubt about the concrete event that has already occured will be overcome together in the light of the evidence that is discussed verbally by the prosecution, defense and trial authorities in front of the eyes of everyone in ali aspects and perceived by the five senses, and the "judgement" ("verdict") will be established according to the conscientious opinion formed and reached according to the impressions obtained in the light of the evidence presented at the hearing. Therefore, in this article, we will give general information about the two phases of the Criminal Procedure Law, namely the investigation and trial phases, and will talk about the hearing stage, which is the most vital stage of the trial phase, its importance and the principles that are imperative to follow at this stage. The material fact intended by the Criminal Procedure Law will only be revealed by complying with the mandatory principles in the hearing stage of the prosecution phase anda judgement in accordance with the law will be established
Unheard Voices of Lgb People in Türkiye on Lgb-Specific Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence: a Qualitative Analysis
No full textDrawing upon in-depth, semistructured interviews with 26 LGB participants, we explored how LGB individuals experience IPV uniquely in Turkiye. Conducting thematic analysis, we generated four themes: (a) invalidation of sexual identity, (b) controlling sexuality and sexual behaviors, (c) disclosure of sexual orientation, and (d) binegativity. The analysis emphasizes LGB-specific power dynamics influencing IPV. A discussion is provided regarding the extent to which these four themes are specific to IPV in LGB relationships. Additionally, recommendations are offered to mental health professionals on tailoring their approaches and promoting advocacy for the needs of LGB IPV survivors