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Optimal Video Length Effect on Flow Experience and Perceived Learning: a Repeated Measure Experimental Design With Randomization
No full textVideos are commonly used in education. Benefitting from instructional videos in learning processes empowers students’ academic outcomes. In spite of this, educators have no consensus on optimal video length. There is a need to cease speculations on optimal video length since most of them have been relying only on context-based tips or best practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to delve into the optimal video length discussion through the lens of perceived learning and flow experience. We employed repeated measure experimental design with randomization of treatment order for each participant. Twenty-eight university students from two big cities in Türkiye volunteered to participate in the study. Short, medium, and long videos were compared via Friedman test. Results of this study substantiated instructional video length does not seem to affect students’ perceived learning and their overall flow experience. However, they tend to concentrate and focus better on short videos. We call for an end to optimal video length discussion for videos shorter than 10 minutes, especially in terms of learning. The implications relying on the findings were discussed in terms of differences between “thinking to be in flow” and “being actually in flow.” The recommendations are given in detail in the full text
Dealing With Data Scarcity in Spoken Question Answering
No full textAequa-Tech; Baidu; Bloomberg; Dataforce (Transperfect); et al.; Intesa San Paolo BankThis paper focuses on dealing with data scarcity in spoken question answering (QA) using automatic question-answer generation and a carefully selected fine-tuning strategy that leverages limited annotated data (paragraphs and question-answer pairs). Spoken QA is a challenging task due to using spoken documents, i.e., erroneous automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcriptions, and the scarcity of spoken QA data. We propose a framework for utilizing limited annotated data effectively to improve spoken QA performance. To deal with data scarcity, we train a question-answer generation model with annotated data and then produce large amounts of question-answer pairs from unannotated data (paragraphs). Our experiments demonstrate that incorporating limited annotated data and the automatically generated data through a carefully selected fine-tuning strategy leads to 5.5% relative F1 gain over the model trained only with annotated data. Moreover, the proposed framework is also effective in high ASR errors. © 2024 ELRA Language Resource Association: CC BY-NC 4.0
Sürüdülebilir bir gelecek için kütüphaneler 2024 ab seçimleri için Manifesto
No full textAvrupa'nın önde gelen kütüphane dernekleri ve ve sivil toplum kuruluşları, Avrupa Parlamentosu seçimleri için adaylara kütüphanelerin daha güçlü, daha adil ve daha sürdürülebilir bir Avrupa inşa etme kapasitelerini hayata geçirmelerini sağlamak amacıyla destek çağrısında bulunan bir manifesto yayınladı
Social Support and Help-Seeking Worldwide
No full textWignall, Liam/0000-0002-3456-5777Redden, Clare/0000-0001-9853-4729Vasu, Jordan/0009-0001-3178-4229Lutringer, Emily/0000-0002-1076-2469Rodrigues, Mariana/0000-0001-9428-4005Jia, Fanli/0000-0002-7149-455XAKKAS, HANDAN/0000-0002-2082-0685Arrow, Kaitlyn/0000-0002-4985-5048Kocalar, Halil Emre/0000-0002-7299-162XAu Yeung, Stephanie Ka Wai/0000-0003-3259-0159Kaur, Harleen/0000-0002-2329-7906TUSHIR, BHAWNA/0000-0003-3945-386XAlMalik, Mohammad/0000-0003-1494-5622Pavlova, Iuliia/0000-0002-8111-4469Social support has long been associated with positive physical, behavioral, and mental health outcomes. However, contextual factors such as subjective social status and an individual's cultural values, heavily influence social support behaviors (e.g., perceive available social support, accept support, seek support, provide support). We sought to determine the current state of social support behaviors and the association between these behaviors, cultural values, and subjective social support across regions of the world. Data from 6,366 participants were collected by collaborators from over 50 worldwide sites (67.4% or n = 4292, assigned female at birth; average age of 30.76). Our results show that individuals cultural values and subjective social status varied across world regions and were differentially associated with social support behaviors. For example, individuals with higher subjective social status were more likely to indicate more perceived and received social support and help-seeking behaviors; they also indicated more provision of social support to others than individuals with lower subjective social status. Further, horizontal, and vertical collectivism were related to higher help-seeking behavior, perceived support, received support, and provision of support, whereas horizontal individualism was associated with less perceived support and less help-seeking and vertical individualism was associated with less perceived and received support, but more help-seeking behavior. However, these effects were not consistently moderated by region. These findings highlight and advance the understanding of how cross-cultural complexities and contextual distinctions influence an individual's perception, processing, and practice of social support embedded in the changing social landscape.National Institutes of Health [R25GM061222]Cory J. Cascalheira is supported as a RISE Fellow by the National Institutes of Health (R25GM061222).National Institutes of Health [R25GM061222]Cory J. Cascalheira is supported as a RISE Fellow by the National Institutes of Health (R25GM061222)
Sürdürülebilir kentsel tarım için sistem tasarımlarının analizi: İstanbul bostanları için öneriler
No full textKentsel tarım alanları çıktı ürünlerinin önem sıralamasına göre farklı tipleri barındırmaktadır. Sağlıklı gıdaya erişim, alternatif ekonomik modellerle ilişkiler, iş imkanları, farklı sosyal grupların karşılaşma mekanı rolü, beden ve ruh sağlığına katkısı bu çıktılara örnek verilebilir. Gıda üretimi ortak çatısı atında bu farklılıkların bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Yoksa gelecek parametresiyle birlikte sürekli dışarıdan girdiye ihtiyaç duyan bu alan tasarımları ve sistemler sürdürülebilir ve dirençli olmadıklarından işlemez hale gelirler ve çökerler. Ancak İstanbul bostanlarında ki mevcut durumda görünen odur ki kentsel tarımda halen geçmişten gelen pratikle sadece gıda üretimi ile ilgili ihtiyaçların karşılandığı tasarımlar ve yönetim kararları günümüzde sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri dikkate alınmadan başarılı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle yerel yönetimler tarafından tasarlanan bostanlarda farklı ihtiyaçlar dikkate alınmadan standart tasarımlar ve işleyiş modellerinin uygulandığı görülmektedir. Yapılan literatür taramalarında kentsel tarım alanlarının sürdürülebilirliğinden çok kentsel tarımın ''sürdürülebilir kentler'' için önemine odaklanıldığı da dikkat çekicidir. Bu nedenle araştırmanın amacı İstanbul'da seçilen bostan örneklerinin ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik bakış açısıyla incelenmesi sonucunda mevcut durumu iyileştirmekyeni bostanlarda ise farklı tiplere uygun tasarım ve işleyiş modelleri planlamakadına öneriler ortaya koymaktır. Bir rehberin adımları olarak düşünülebilecek bu öneriler için öncelikle dünyadaki iyi örnekler incelenmiştir. İstanbul sınırları içerisinde son 10 yıldır gerçekleştirilen saha ziyaretlerinde ve bilgi toplanılan ön araştırmalar sonucunda mevcut kentsel tarım alanları sayılarının ve ölçeklerinin yetersiz olmasının yanında, yerel yönetimlerin ve kullanıcıların sürdürülebilir sistemlere odaklanmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın derinleşmesi için farklı tiplerde üç örnek kentsel tarım alanı seçilerek mevcut durumları; alan kullanımı yapılar, yönetim şekli, kullanıcıları ve üretim çıktıları üzerinden analizler yapılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Bunlar: - Ticari Bostan: Yedikule Bostanları - Topluluk Bostanı: Kuzguncuk Bostanı - Sponsorlu Bostan: Akmerkez Terasta Tarım Projesi dir. Analizler sonucunda tasarım kriterleri incelenirken farklı tipler için öneriler çeşitlense de hepsinin ortak noktasının gıda üretimi olması nedeniyle toprağın verimsizleşmesi ve kuraklık sorununa çözüm üretmek ilk sırayı almıştır. İkinci sırada yerel yönetimlerin bakış açılarının değişmesi, kanunlar ve teşviklerle destekte bulunmalarının gerekliliği görülmüştür.Urban agricultural areas encompass different typologies based on their prioritized outputs, which include access to healthy food, relation to alternative economic models, employment opportunities, role as a meeting space for different social groups, and contribution to physical and mental health. These differences should be designed with a holistic perspective within the common food production framework. Otherwise, the designs and systems reliant on external input will subsequently become dysfunctional and collapse due to the long-term lack of sustainability and resilience. However, the current situation in the bostans of Istanbul shows that, customarily, the urban agricultural designs and management decisions solely responding to food production-related needs without regard to sustainability criteria continue to be considered successful. Particularly the bostans designed by local authorities are observed to incorporate standard designs and operating models without taking notice of different needs. Furthermore, in the literature review conducted, it is noteworthy that the emphasis is put on the importance of agriculture for ''sustainable cities'' rather than the sustainability of urban agricultural areas. Therefore, the research aims to propose recommendations for improving the current condition of the determined bostan examples in Istanbul following analyses through economic, ecological, and social sustainability perspectives and for planning design and operating models suited to different typologies in the future bostans. Fine examples from around the world were examined for these recommendations that can be conceived as instructions in a manual. Field visits conducted in the past ten years and the preliminary research have concluded that the existing urban agricultural areas are insufficient in number and scale, and the local authorities and users do not pursue sustainable systems. Furthermore, three urban agricultural areas were selected as examples of different typologies to expand the research; and recommendations were proposed following analyses of their current conditions, space use, structures, management, users, and production outputs. The examples are as follows: - Commercial Bostan: Yedikule Bostans - Neighbourhood Bostan: Kuzguncuk Bostan - Sponsored Bostan: Akmerkez Terasta Tarım Project The analyses demonstrated that although the recommendations varied for different typologies in examining design criteria, producing solutions for soil infertility and drought was prioritized, as food production was the common ground for all
Mixed Marriage Patterns in Istanbul: Gendering Ethno-Religious Boundaries
No full textThis study focuses on the mixed marriages between individuals from Rum Orthodox, Jewish, and Armenian communities with Muslims, who are legally regarded as ethnic-religious minorities and clustered in the urban geography of Istanbul with the ever-decreasing population. Little attention has been paid into the private sphere dynamics and practices of non-Muslims of Turkey. Hence, this research will try to understand the identity construction of Rum, Jewish, and Armenian communities in the private sphere within the context of mixed marriages. Particularly the gendered structure of the ethno-religious boundaries drawn between the minorities and the wider society are problematised. The chapter benefits from 51 in-depth interviews conducted between 2018 and 2019 with the members of Rum Orthodox, Jewish, and Armenian communities from different social class, age, and gender, who are residing in Istanbul. The data collected through this fieldwork will be presented in the light of the debate in the family and marriage, gender, and minority literature. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Minimum Repair Bandwidth Ldpc Codes for Distributed Storage Systems
No full textIn distributed storage systems (DSS), an optimal code design must meet the requirements of efficient local data regeneration in addition to reliable data retention. Recently, lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) codes have been proposed as a promising candidate that can secure high data rates as well as low repair bandwidth while maintaining low complexity in data reconstruction. The main objective of this study is to optimize the repair bandwidth characteristics of LDPC code families for a DSS application while meeting the data reliability requirements. First, a data access scenario in which nodes contact other available nodes randomly to download data is examined. Later, a minimum-bandwidth protocol is considered in which nodes make their selections based on the degree numbers of check nodes. Through formulating optimization problems for both protocols, a fundamental trade-off between the decoding threshold and the repair bandwidth is established for a given code rate. Finally, conclusions are confirmed by numerical results showing that irregular constructions have a large potential for establishing optimized LDPC code families for DSS applications
Neural Coreference Resolution for Turkish
No full textCoreference resolution deals with resolving mentions of the same underlying entity in a given text. This challenging task is an indispensable aspect of text understanding and has important applications in various language processing systems such as question answering and machine translation. Although a significant amount of studies is devoted to coreference resolution, the research on Turkish is scarce and mostly limited to pronoun resolution. To our best knowledge, this article presents the first neural Turkish coreference resolution study where two learning-based models are explored. Both models follow the mention-ranking approach while forming clusters of mentions. The first model uses a set of hand-crafted features whereas the second coreference model relies on embeddings learned from large-scale pre-trained language models for capturing similarities between a mention and its candidate antecedents. Several language models trained specifically for Turkish are used to obtain mention representations and their effectiveness is compared in conducted experiments using automatic metrics. We argue that the results of this study shed light on the possible contributions of neural architectures to Turkish coreference resolution
The Cheating Paradox: Why Do Anxiously Attached People Engage in Infidelity More? Fear of Being Single as an Underlying Mechanism
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Türkiye'nin Akademik Yayın Performansı ve Akademik Görünürlük
No full textBu sunumun amacı Türkiye'de akademik yayıncılığın son beş yıllık gelişimini WOS ve Scopus değerlerine dayanarak analiz etmek küresel verilerle karşılaştırarak bir ülke analizi yapmak diğer yandan bilimsel yayıncılık ekosisteminde görünür olmak için kullanılabilecek platformlar ve araçlar hakkında bilgi vermektedir