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Site Response Analysis in Performance Based Approach
No full textA performance based approach for site response analysis requires a probabilistic approach accounting for the observed variability in soil stratification and engineering properties of the soil layers. The major variability in site-specific response analysis arises from the uncertainties induced by the (a) local seismic hazard assessment, (b) selection and scaling of the hazard compatible input earthquake time histories, (c) soil stratification and engineering properties of encountered soil and rock layers, and (d) method of site response analysis. Even though the uncertainties related to first item, local seismic hazard assessment, has primary importance on the outcome of the site-specific response analyses, the discussion in this article focuses on the possible uncertainties in selection and scaling of the hazard compatible input earthquake time histories, soil stratification, thickness, type and their engineering properties, depth of ground water table and bedrock and properties of the engineering bedrock. One alternative may be to conduct site response analyses for large number of soil profiles generated by Monte Carlo simulations using relatively large number of hazard compatible acceleration time histories to assess probabilistic performance based design acceleration spectra and acceleration time histories calculated on the ground surface with respect to different performance levels. A remaining issue may be considered as the variability induced by 1D, 2D, and 3D site response analysis
Exploring Habits of Mind Associated With Incremental Learning Theory To Explain Actions of Teachers Integrating Environmental Education
No full textThis study was launched after re-analyzing teacher narratives from an earlier study; the narratives were reflections on environmental education practices. The analysis involved using a framework that relates Habits of Mind to educational theories. An unsurprising outcome was finding Habits of Mind associated with mindfulness and constructivism. An unanticipated finding was to learn how incremental learning theory explains why teachers strive to include environmental education in their lessons. Although there has been environmental research related to growth and fixed mindsets, more studies in environmental education are needed to explore how incremental learning theory plays a role in the decisions and actions of exemplary environmental educators. Therefore, to begin this exploration, a new study was conducted using the framework to analyze interviews with ten currently practicing teachers. The findings give insights into the following Habits of Mind associated with incremental beliefs: wonderment and awe, continuous learning, striving for accuracy, risk-taking, and persistence
Çocukların Kural Kavramı ve Suç ve Cezaya Yönelik Yargılarının Sosyal Alan Kuramı ile İncelenmesi
No full textTuriel (1983) has documented in his studies that children judge rules differently based on different social domains. The aim of this research is to investigate how children evaluate rule violations and domain undifferentiated punishments encountered in schools and how they judge the punishments given by teachers for these situations. Additionally, students are asked to provide alternative ways for the behaviors mentioned in the stories, offering suggestions to teachers. As data collection tools, participants were initially asked four questions about their perceptions of class rules, and they were required to justify their answers. Subsequently, participants were engaged in semi-structured clinical interviews by reading six different hypothetical stories created from three social domains. The participant group of the research consists of 60 primary school students aged 6-9. The findings of the study indicate that young children (6-7 years old) perceive rules as more unchangeable compared to older children (8-9 years old). Consistent with previous studies, moral transgressions were found to be less acceptable compared to social-conventional and prudential domains.Turiel (1983), çalışmalarında çocukların kuralları farklı sosyal alanlara göre ayırdıklarını belirtmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, çocukların okullarda karşılaşılan kural ihlallerini değerlendirmeleri ve öğretmenin bu ihlallere verdiği farklılaştırılmamış cezaları nasıl yargıladıklarını araştırmaktır. Öte yandan öğrencilerin varsayımsal hikayelerde geçen davranışa alternatif bir yol sunmaları, öğretmenlere öneri vermeleri istenmektedir. Sınıf kuralları ile ilgili 4 soru sorularak cevaplarını gerekçelendirmeleri istenmiştir, ardından katılımcılara 3 sosyal alandan oluşturulmuş 6 farklı varsayımsal hikâye okunarak yarı yapılandırılmış klinik görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubu 6-9 yaş aralığında 60 ilk okul öğrencisidir. Araştırmanın bulguları küçük çocukların (6-7yaş) kuralları büyük çocuklara (8-9 yaş) göre daha değiştirilemez bulduklarını göstermektedir. Önceki çalışmalarla paralel olarak ahlaki ihlaller toplumsal-geleneksel ve ihtiyatlı alanlardaki ihlallere göre daha az uygun bulunmuştur. Ahlaki ihlallere ise kefaretli ceza (teneffüse çıkmamak) daha uygun bulunmuştur. Bu bulgulardan yola çıkarak okullarda kuralların alanlara ayrılarak düzenlenmesi, her davranışa aynı cezanın verilmemesi çocukların davranışlarını anlamaya ve sınıf yöntemi kolaylaştırmaya yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir
Constitutional Court’s Challenge with Art. 187 Cc: Evolutıon of an Annulment
No full textEvlenen kadının zorunlu olarak soyadını değiştirmesi ile ilgili düzenlemeler uzun zamandır tartışma konusudur. Bu konuyu düzenleyen eMK md. 153 ve MK md. 187 otuz yıldan fazla bir süredir gündemimizdedir. Avrupa Konseyi’ne üye devletler arasında da bu şekilde zorunlu soyadı değişikliği düzenlemesine sahip tek ülke Türkiye’dir. Nitekim ilk olarak Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinde görülen Ünal Tekeli v. Türkiye davasında kadının evlenmekle soyadını zorunluolarak değiştirmesinin bir insan hakları ihlali olduğu kabul edilerek Türkiye aleyhine tazminata hükmedilmiştir. Bu kararı daha sonra Leventoğlu Abdülkadiroğlu v. Türkiye, Tanbay Tüten v.Türkiye ve Tuncer Güneş v. Türkiye davaları izlemiş ve Türkiye her seferinde mahkum edilmiştir. Ulusal düzeyde de Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin önüne eMK md 153 ve MK md. 187’niniptali talepleri ile gidilmiş fakat bu davalar her seferinde reddedilmiştir. Buna mukabil, bireyselbaşvuru yolunun açılmasıyla birlikte tamamen toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin kabulüne dayanan buzorunlu soyadı değişikliğinin Anayasa’da yer alan temel ilkelere aykırılık taşıdığına yönelikkararlar verilmeye başlamıştır.The regulations on the compulsory change of surname of a married woman have been a subject of debate for a long time. Article 153 of the abrogated Civil Code and Article 187 of the current Civil Code have been on our agenda for more than thirty years. Among the member states of the Council of Europe, Turkey is the only country with such a compulsory change of surname regulation. As a matter of fact, in the Ünal Tekeli v. Turkey case, which was first heard by the European Court of Human Rights, it was accepted that the compulsory change of a woman's surname upon marriage was a violation of human rights and compensation was awarded against Turkey. This judgement was followed by Leventoğlu Abdülkadiroğlu v. Turkey, Tanbay Tüten v. Turkey and Tuncer Güneş v. Turkey and Turkey was convicted each time
28 Ghz'deki Mımo Uygulamalarinda Mikroşerit Antenler Arasindaki Karşilikli Kuplajin Azaltilmasi için Rezonatör Tasarimi
No full textA simple resonator structure is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling between rectangular microstrip patch antennas positioned close to each other for MIMO applications at 28 GHz center frequency. Here, the frequency of 28 GHz is chosen because it is one of middle bands for 5G communication in USA. Two microstrip patch antennas with gaps using a common dielectric substrate and a ground plane are employed as antennas and the patches are closely placed with an edge-to-edge distance of 0.6 mm (approximately λ/18). In order to reduce the mutual coupling between these radiating elements and increase the isolation, a resonator is positioned between them and its parameters are optimized. In the simulations, it is observed that the proposed resonator reduces the coupling by approximately 10 dB. By this result, it can be concluded that the proposed structure may be suitable for tightly packed MIMO systems. © 2024 IEEE
How Constructive Is That Feedback? Associations With Undergraduates' Future Time Perspectives Moderated by Student Characteristics'
No full textBeliefs about the future, instantiated as a learner's future time perspective, have been largely overlooked in the research on the connection between feedback and motivation. Because feedback statements vary in their level of specificity and friendliness (a commonly reported distinction between peer-provided and instructor-provided feedback), we were interested in the interplay between such feedback characteristics and learners' future time perspective. With 392 U.S. undergraduates, we investigated how future time perspective (specifically, its valence and connectedness) affected whether learners perceived as constructive feedback statements that varied in specificity and friendliness, and whether gender and academic discipline would influence these perceptions. Future time perspective connectedness was positively associated with perceptions of feedback constructiveness for specific statements but was negatively related to constructiveness for unspecific statements. Valence was positively correlated with feedback constructiveness for unspecific statements. Although no differences in academic discipline were found, gender effects emerged. Implications for peer feedback are discussed
Ukrayna'da Nükleer Silah Kullanımı Hayaleti: Nükleer Savaş Riskinin Nüansları
No full textRusya güvenlik politikasının özünü, hem savaşta hem barış zamanlarında, konvansiyonel ve konvansiyonel olmayan tehditlerin ve silah sistemlerinin bir arada kullanılması oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle nükleer savaş tehdidini sıklıkla savurarak, çatışmanın tırmandırılması sürecinde baskın olmaya çalışmaktadır. Barış zamanında bu şekilde elde ettiği stratejik girişim üstünlüğünü, çatışma ve krizlerin tüm aşamalarında korumaya çalışarak, düşmanlarını kendi kontrolü altında hareket etmeye zorlamaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle nükleer savaş korkusunu manipüle ederek, diğer devletlerin savaş alanına doğrudan müdahalesini engellemeye ve askeri yardımın stratejik hale gelmesini sınırlamaya çalışmaktadır. Rus askeri zihniyetinin kilit noktası budur. Etkisi psikolojiktir ve Ukrayna’da bugüne kadar kısmen başarılı olmuştur. Makalenin önemi ve yansımaları, irdelenen husus ve uyarıların sadece Ukrayna’da değil, olası Tayvan’a dair bir krizdeki gibi nükleer güçlerin dahil olacağı ilerideki çatışmalarda da muhtemel olmasında yatmaktadır. Metodolojik olarak, Rusya’nın Ukrayna’daki nükleer stratejisi bir örnek olay/vaka incelemesi olarak ele alınmıştır. Rusya’nın nükleer risk yoluyla gerilimi tırmandırma hakimiyeti kazanma çabası irdelenmiştir. Bu çaba, nükleer caydırıcılığın belirsizliğine dayanmaktadır. Nükleer saldırı riskine yol açan ve sıklıkla görmezden gelinen bu belirsizliğin nüansları açıklanmıştır. Bu belirsizliğin, nükleer savaş riski oluşturması nedeniyle, hem Ukrayna’daki hem de nükleer silahların gölgesinde oluşacak ilerideki çatışma ve krizlerin mutlak zaferle sonuçlanması mümkün değildir. Hiçbir taraf tüm isteklerini elde edemeyecektir. Bu şartlarda tek çözüm müzakerelerle gelecek diplomatik uzlaşıdır
Robotic Learning of Haptic Skills From Expert Demonstration for Contact-Rich Manufacturing Tasks
No full textWe propose a learning from demonstration (LfD) approach that utilizes an interaction (admittance) controller and two force sensors for the robot to learn the force applied by an expert from demonstrations in contact-rich tasks such as robotic polishing. Our goal is to equip the robot with the haptic expertise of an expert by using a machine learning (ML) approach while providing the flexibility for the user to intervene in the task at any point when necessary by using an interaction controller. The utilization of two force sensors, a pivotal concept in this study, allows us to gather environmental data crucial for effectively training our system to accommodate workpieces with diverse material and surface properties and maintain the contact of polisher with their surfaces. In the demonstration phase of our approach where an expert guiding the robot to perform a polishing task, we record the force applied by the human (Fh) and the interaction force (Fint) via two separate force sensors for the polishing trajectory followed by the expert to extract information about the environment (Fenv = Fh - Fint). An admittance controller, which takes the interaction force as the input is used to output a reference velocity to be tracked by the internal motion controller (PID) of the robot to regulate the interactions between the polisher and the surface of a workpiece. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was trained to learn the human force profile based on the inputs of Cartesian position and velocity of the polisher, environmental force (Fenv), and friction coefficient between the polisher and the surface to the model. During the deployment phase, in which the robot executes the task autonomously, the human force estimated by our system ( ^>Fh) is utilized to balance the reaction forces coming from the environment and calculate the force ( ^>Fh - Fenv) needs to be inputted to the admittance controller to generate a reference velocity trajectory for the robot to follow. We designed three use-case scenarios to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed system. The presented use-cases highlight the capability of the proposed pHRI system to learn from human expertise and adjust its force based on material and surface variations during automated operations, while still accommodating manual interventions as needed
