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La prohibition de la reformatio in pejus : un principe ancien aux contours incertains: Eléments pour une réflexion renouvelée sur le principe de la reformatio in pejus
No full textInternational audienceThe prohibition of reformatio in pejus, traditionally understood as the prohibition on a higher court from worsening the applicant's situation in the absence of an appeal by the opposing party, is an old principle that seems, at first glance, to be well established in procedural law. However, the diversity of definitions given to it, as well as the issues faced by the courts, reflect the uncertainties that still surround its scope and the terms of its implementation. In the field of criminal law, and in cases where an appeal is lodged by the defendant in the absence of an appeal by the public prosecutor, this study aims to examine the evolution of the principle in line with that of criminal procedure. It thus seeks to understand why the scope of the prohibition still seems difficult to determine precisely today. The analysis reveals a paradox: although the principle has a certain force, its application is hampered by the inherent shortcomings of its foundations, which give it a surprisingly fragile and incomplete recognition. In this context, case law attempts to define its limits. While the principle is widely applied in appeals against convictions, without however being absolute in nature, its application outside this framework is questionable. Limited in scope, this article merely aims to provide an overview of the current situation.La prohibition de la reformatio in pejus, qui s’entend, classiquement, comme l’interdiction faite à une juridiction d’un degré supérieur d’aggraver le sort du requérant en l’absence de recours formé par son contradicteur, est un principe ancien, qui semble de prime abord bien connu en procédure. Pourtant, la diversité des définitions qui en sont données, ainsi que les questions auxquelles se confrontent les juridictions, témoignent des incertitudes qui entourent encore sa délimitation et les modalités de sa mise en œuvre. Dans le champ répressif, et dans les hypothèses d’un recours formé par la partie poursuivie en l’absence de recours du ministère public, cette étude se propose d’examiner l’évolution du principe au gré de celle qu’a connue la procédure pénale. Elle vise ainsi à comprendre pourquoi la portée de la prohibition semble toujours, aujourd’hui, difficile à déterminer précisément. L’analyse révèle un paradoxe : bien que doté d’une force certaine, le principe se heurte dans ses applications aux insuffisances inhérentes à ses fondements, qui lui confèrent une reconnaissance étonnamment fragile et lacunaire. Dans ce contexte, la jurisprudence s’efforce d’en définir les limites. Si le principe est largement déployé dans l’hypothèse d’appels formés contre des condamnations, sans revêtir pour autant un caractère absolu, son application est sujette à caution en dehors de ce cadre. Limitée dans son objet, cette étude a pour seule prétention de dresser un état des lieux, dans l’espoir de contribuer à apporter quelques éclaircissements, et d’inviter à entreprendre une réflexion renouvelée dans une approche plus globale
Characterization of interindividual DNA methylation variability in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
No full textInternational audienceInterindividual epigenetic variability, particularly in DNA methylation, is now recognized as a significant contributor to phenotypic diversity in mammals including humans. These epivariable regions, which make up a small fraction of the genome, are strongly influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors, especially during early development. In this context, epigenetic variability of DNA methylation has been proposed as an adaptive force involved in various environmental responses. In fish and other vertebrates, environmental factors are known to influence the health, performance and welfare, likely through the alteration of the epigenetic landscape. However, whether interindividual epigenetic variability may contribute to the phenotypic plasticity of fishes is unknown. Here we provide a first description of the rainbow trout methylome interindividual variability using a whole-genome bisulfite sequencing approach in an isogenic line to minimize genetic variation. Variable methylation regions were identified in both liver and hypothalamus tissues of 12 replicate fishes and were found enriched at gene regulatory elements, such as promoters and first introns. Gene Ontology analysis revealed functional clusters related to cellular development, neural communication, metabolic balance, and immune response. Interestingly, some variably methylated regions are found at the same genomic loci in both tissues and showed a strong intraindividual correlation in methylation levels, suggesting establishment during early embryogenesis. Overall, our work demonstrates the existence of interindividual epigenetic variability in rainbow trout and provides valuable insights into the regulatory function of DNA methylation variation that is likely involved in developmental and physiological processes
Las artes escénicas en el cruce de fronteras. Siglos XX y XXI
No full textInternational audienceLas artes escénicas ofrecen una multiplicidad de expresiones y espacios de representación para reflexionar sobre la pluralidad de fronteras. Líneas divisorias, límites impenetrables o permeables, las fronteras son duales y ambiguas. Suscitan el interés, despiertan la curiosidad, provocan el rechazo, son fuentes de malestar y angustia. Asimismo, inspiran desconfianza y recelo. Los lugares, la mediación, así como la relación con el otro y la incertidumbre son temáticas estrechamente vinculadas con el concepto de frontera y representan una inagotable fuente de inspiración para los creadores y creadoras. Los doce capítulos que componen este volumen estudian la interpretación de las fronteras y sus representaciones en las artes escénicas en los siglos XX y XXI y proponen un análisis de las temáticas relacionadas con la igualdad de oportunidades, la migración, la movilidad, las instituciones, el acceso a la justicia y el camino hacia sociedades pacíficas, igualitarias e inclusivas
Estimation by a SAFT-based density functional theory of the structure and thermodynamic properties of water films confined between graphite slices and an ice crystal
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, a water model has been formulated within the framework of classical density functional theory coupled with the SAFT-VR Mie–HS approach in the bulk. It is first used to evaluate the phase behavior of confined water in carbon slit pores for molecular-thick films and over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions, thanks to the low computational cost of the method. Interestingly, both capillary condensation and capillary evaporation were detected, with their occurrence strongly dependent on the water pore size commensurability and the thermodynamic conditions. Then, the focus is performed on the thin water film confined between an ice crystal and a graphitic surface, as it is assumed that the pressure exerted by the latter could initiate mechanical damage in nanoporous materials. The similarities and differences with the previous system, i.e., graphite–water film–graphite, are highlighted. The extremely high pressures found in the water monolayer-thick film near experimental freezing conditions, together with their significant variation depending on the film thickness, could indeed explain the deformation and cracking of the nanoporous structure during ice crystal growth
Unlocking the Microbiome-Metabolome Nexus for Innovative One-Health Solution
No full textMicrobial communities, encompassing a vast taxonomic diversity, are fundamental to ecosystem integrity, biogeochemical cycles, and the health of humans, animals, and plants, along the One Health concept. A major scientific goal is to understand how these complex consortia function, interact, and adapt to environmental changes. Microbial meta-metabolomics has emerged as a powerful approach to tackle this by characterizing the collective metabolome of an entire community, linking it to environmental conditions and biogeochemical processes. It captures the functional output of both cultivable and uncultivable organisms, tracing chemical interactions and the impact of environmental perturbations. However, while meta-metabolomics provides a comprehensive snapshot of community chemistry, it alone cannot decipher the precise dynamics of which microorganisms are producing metabolites, when, where, and why. To address this, we propose the Microbial Metabolomics Framework (MiMetWork). This novel framework expands beyond descriptive meta-metabolomics to integrate spatial and temporal metabolomic characterizations with other omics data and phenotyping techniques. MiMetWork employs high-throughput screening of various microbiome components—from single cells to complex communities—under controlled conditions to elucidate ecophysiological functions and interaction mechanisms. By combining untargeted and targeted metabolomic datasets with microbial composition and pathway information, MiMetWork aims to build causal models of microbiome function and adaptation. This review outlines how this integrative framework leverages technological advances to elucidate microbiome interactions and functional responses across human, animal, and environmental niches, thereby addressing critical research gaps and enhancing our predictive understanding of microbiomes within the One Health paradigm
La guerre de l’énergie a déjà commencé en Ukraine : pourquoi l’Europe a tout intérêt à développer le stockage thermique
No full textInternational audienc
Gold(III)-substituted carbenes
No full textInternational audienceThe Au(III)-substituted diazo compounds (N^C^C)AuC(N2)R (R = Dmp = 2,6-dimesitylphenyl and SiMe3) 1 and 6 were synthesized by reacting the (N^C^C)AuCl precursor with the corresponding lithiated diazo compounds. Dinitrogen extru-sion was then promoted by UV-vis irradiation. The (N^C^C)Au–C–Dmp carbene 3 undergoes intramolecular C–H insertion followed by β-H elimination, affording a phenanthrene derivative and the Au(III) hydride complex (N^C^C)AuH. Steric shielding prevents intermolecular carbene trapping. The related (N^C^C)Au–C–SiMe3 carbene 7 was generated and charac-terized by in crystallo photolysis. In solution, it displays intermolecular reactivity typical for triplet as well as singlet carbenes such as H atom abstraction and carbene-type couplings with isocyanides. DFT calculations shed light into the structure, bonding and reactivity of these Au(III)-substituted carbenes
Éducation populaire à la terre : le WWOOFing comme outil de réappropriation de l’alimentation
No full textNational audienc
Droit comme un arbre - Episode 3 : Justice énergétique : pour des usagers mieux éclairés
No full textDans cet épisode, la journaliste Camille Maestracci échange avec Camille Drouiller, maître de conférence en droit privé à l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour et membre de l’UMR TREE. Ainsi que Blanche Lormeteau, chargée de recherche CNRS au laboratoire IODE à la faculté de droit de Rennes, spécialisée en Droit de l’énergie. On parle notamment de précarité énergétique et de droits des consommateurs