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Palabras en acción: sobre la contaminación en el franquismo y en la transición (España, 1939-1978)”
No full textInternational audienceThe article analyzes the evolution of vocabulary used to refer to pollution and the environment in Spain between 1939 and 1978. Before Franco's regime, there was already a rich terminology linked to water regulation and harmful activities: “pollution,” “sewage,” “smoke,” etc. During the 1940s and 1950s, the lexicon continued to be inherited from the 19th century, focusing on “fumes,” “pollution,” and “harmful emissions.” Sanitary engineers such as Paz Maroto still used this traditional terminology in their technical treatises. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, the terminology changed. Thus, we will study here when and how the lexicon related to pollution and the environment changed under Franco's regime and the transition to democracy. To do this, we will study the original documents from local, regional, and national archives and from various Spanish newspaper libraries.El artículo analiza la evolución del vocabulario usado para referirse a la contaminación y al medio ambiente en España entre 1939 y 1978. Antes del franquismo existía ya una rica terminología ligada a la regulación del agua y las actividades nocivas: "polución", "aguas negras", "humos", etc. Durante los años 1940 y 1950 el léxico siguió siendo heredero del siglo XIX, centrado en "humos", "polución" y "emanaciones nocivas". Ingenieros sanitarios como Paz Maroto empleaban aún esta terminología tradicional en sus tratados técnicos. Sin embargo, durante los años sesenta y setenta la terminología se modificó. Así, estudiaremos aquí cuándo y cómo se modificó el léxico relacionado con la contaminación y el medio ambiente bajo el franquismo y la transición a la democracia. Para ello, estudiaremos los documentos originales de archivos locales, regionales y nacionales y de varias hemerotecas españolas
Ouverture des données et SHS, un enjeu de légitimation dans une perspective historique
No full textInternational audience« Ouvrir » ses données en SHS implique aujourd’hui de réfléchir non seulement à la variété de données produites, à leur numérisation et à leurs usages variés d’une discipline à l’autre afin de bien comprendre « la crédibilité des matériaux » de recherche à l’heure de l’ouverture des données. Dans le cadre du projet ANR PaReDo nous discuterons de la place des « données » dans les processus de légitimation et de différentiation disciplinaire en SHS, en inscrivant le récent mouvement d’ouverture des données de la recherche dans une histoire plus longue de la datafication de ces pratiques
Design of a Spectrophotometric Assay Coupled with Mathematical Modeling to Identify Optimal Antioxidant Synergies with Tocopherols in O/W Emulsions
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A lacustrine record of hydro-climatic variability during the late Pleistocene in Mediterranean France: ostracod assemblages and sedimentology of the Saint Maximin paleolake (Var, France): A continuous lacustrine record of hydro-climatic variability during the Late Pleistocene in northwestern Mediterranean (Var, France)
No full textInternational audienceA 13 metres-long sequence studied through two cores in the Saint Maximin plain (Mediterranean Southern France, 280m asl) revealed a paleolake environment well-dated through 14C, OSL and U/Th datings between 75,000 and 30,000 cal. BP, shifting to a sand-eroded playa with occasional debris flow deposits at the onset of MIS2. The lacustrine sequence is studied through ostracod assemblages and sedimentological data (XRF, grain-size-distribution, carbonate concretions and quartz morphoscopy) as well as preliminary pollen testing.Ostracods assemblages shift several times between a permanent karstic lake dominated by Paralimnocythere psammophila, Candona candida and Candona (neglecandona) neglecta, and a very shallow macrophyte-rich environment in which only C. neglecta, Ilyocypris spp. and Hepetocypris spp. appear. In the late MIS3 stage, the appearance of warmer-water, Mediterranean dessication-resistant species such as Ilyocypris getica and Cypris bispinosa suggest a seasonal warm-season residual lake.The MOTR (Mutual Ostracode Temperature Range) method was used on the ostracod assemblages to reconstruct mean January and July temperatures ranges. While the values are colder than the present-day climate, the potential variability remains within the uncertainty of the method, and suggests a non-mediterranean, temperate climate with colder winters than today. The abundance of the cold-water ostracod Cytherissa lacustris in a shallow-lake phase during MIS 4 could nonetheless suggest changes in water temperature.The sedimentological data are in good accordance with the ostracod assemblages, showing a carbonate authigenic sedimentation during permanent-lake phases, and a terrestrial sedimentation with occasional evidence of aeolian erosional activity during low lake level phases, which occur during MIS4, at the end of MIS3 and in short pulses within MIS3.Overall, the record suggests that landscape variability in the French Mediterranean lowlands was driven more by oscillations between arid and humid phases than by changes in temperature, including for shifts between a steppe and a forested environment. This lacustrine record is the first for the late Pleistocene of Mediterranean France and contributes to a better knowledge of past climate variability in the North-West Mediterranean
Enjeux à l’origine de la création des signes numériques en langues des signes : ASL, LSF et Libras. Création de capsules vidéos pour les apprentissages numériques des élèves sourds
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Regards sur l’effet de deux régulations dans l’adaptation de tâches mathématiques proposées à des élèves en difficultés langagières
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Articulations entre les techniques travaillées dans un dispositif d’aide préventif en mathématiques et en classe : proposition d’une classification
No full textInternational audienceOur research team has been working on the development of aid sessions aimed at students with difficulties in mathematics, that take place prior to a classroom lesson and that aim at preparing these students to fully engage into classroom activity. One of the main issues during the development of each aid session is the necessity to prescisely articulate the content of the aid session with the classroom task. In order to clarify under which conditions the articulation of the aid session and the classroom task optimizes the functions of the aid session, we elaborated a classification of possible articulations. We conducted a new classroom experimentation and based our analysis of the articulations between aid sessions and classroom tasks on concepts from the anthropological theory of the didactic and the joint action theory in didactics.Notre équipe de recherche travaille depuis 2013 sur des dispositifs d’aide qui se déroulent avant le travail mathématique en classe et qui visent à préparer les élèves en difficulté qui les fréquentent à jouer pleinement leur rôle d’élève dans la classe. Une des difficultés de ces dispositifs d’aide est qu’il est nécessaire d’articuler finement le contenu du dispositif à la situation de classe. Afin d’éclairer dans quelles conditions cette articulation peut optimiser l’apparition des fonctions du dispositif d’aide, nous avons élaboré une catégorisation des différents types de liens qui unissent le dispositif d’aide et la classe. Nous avons conduit une nouvelle expérimentation et, prenant appui sur une approche systémique ancrée dans la TAD et la TACD, nous avons porté notre regard sur les articulations entre les techniques qui apparaissent dans le dispositif d’aide et celles de la classe
High-resolution species distribution modelling of two coastal biogenic habitat-forming species in an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area of the Bay of Fundy, Canada
No full textInternational audienceHigh-resolution species distribution models (SDMs) were developed for two benthic invertebrate species of marine conservation significance across a 113 km2 Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area (EBSA) of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. The stalked tunicate, Boltenia ovifera, and horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus, can form coastal biogenic habitat and are vulnerable to disturbance. A near-seabed imaging survey (depths ranging from 8 to 79 m) provided presence, absence, and abundance data for both species. Boosted Regression Tree SDMs combined these data with 11 environmental variables. Presence-probability distributions were generated; however, abundance patterns could not be adequately modelled. Oblique geographic coordinates, which incorporate location of samples as information, proved useful for predicting species presence, along with seabed rugosity, maximum current speed and bathymetry for B. ovifera, and maximum and minimum current speed along with seabed rugosity for M. modiolus. High-resolution SDMs (in this case, 5-m grid) provide enhanced spatial context for ocean managers towards marine spatial planning in high-use coastal marine environments where bottom contact fisheries access and other coastal development must be balanced against marine conservation objectives
ELYADATA & LIA at NADI 2025: ASR and ADI Subtasks
No full textPublished in Proceedings of the ArabicNLP 2025 Workshop (co-located with EMNLP 2025), Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025.International audienceThis paper describes Elyadata & LIA’s joint submission to the NADI multi-dialectal Arabic Speech Processing 2025. We participated in the Spoken Arabic Dialect Identification (ADI) and multi-dialectal Arabic ASR subtasks. Our submission ranked first for the ADI subtask and second for the multi-dialectal Arabic ASR subtask among all participants. Our ADI system is a fine-tuned Whisper-large-v3 encoder with data augmentation. This system obtained the highest ADI accuracy score of 79.83% on the official test set. For multi-dialectal Arabic ASR, we fine-tuned SeamlessM4T-v2 Large (Egyptian variant) separately for each of the eight considered dialects. Overall, we obtained an average WER and CER of 38.54% and 14.53%, respectively, on the test set. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of large pretrained speech models with targeted fine-tuning for Arabic speech processing
De trajectoires en possibles : convergences spatiotemporelles de mobilités plurielles - Modéliser les trajectoires individuelles de mobilité quotidienne pour estimer le potentiel de regroupement spatiotemporel
No full textDaily mobility unfolds through a wide diversity of rhythms, practices, and territorial contexts. This heterogeneity raises the question of how spatiotemporal coordination between individual trajectories can be organised, at a time when mobility policies seek to reconcile sustainability, equity, and efficiency. Understanding these margins of convergence requires a detailed analysis of individual trajectories at the intersection of social, spatial, and temporal dimensions.The approach developed in this research combines the contributions of time geography and spatial analysis to study the relationships between individuals’ activity rhythms, the constraints that shape them, and the territorial configurations in which they occur. It draws on French Household Travel Surveys (EMD/EMC²) conducted in three metropolitan areas to model the main components of daily mobility: activity schedules, visited spaces, travel distances, and transport modes.The proposed method makes it possible to estimate individual trajectories and project them within a structured space–time framework, in order to analyse the capacity of this framework to generate potential for grouping. Based on these modelled trajectories, several levels of convergence are identified, revealing how social and territorial structures condition the possibilities for coordinating mobilities.By combining probabilistic modelling with the study of spatial structures, this thesis proposes a generalisable framework for analysing the spatiotemporal coherence of daily mobility. It demonstrates that grouping does not stem solely from individual choices, but also from collective rhythms and spatial organisation. In this sense, it highlights the structural conditions that foster the coordination of travel and opens up perspectives for more sustainable forms of mobility.Les mobilités quotidiennes se déclinent aujourd’hui selon une grande diversité de rythmes, de pratiques et de contextes territoriaux. Cette hétérogénéité interroge la possibilité d’organiser des formes de coordination spatiotemporelle entre trajectoires individuelles, à l’heure où les politiques de mobilité cherchent à concilier durabilité, équité et efficacité. Comprendre ces marges de convergence suppose d’analyser finement les trajectoires individuelles, à la croisée des dimensions sociales, spatiales et temporelles.L’approche développée articule les apports de la time geography et de l’analyse spatiale, afin d’étudier les relations entre les rythmes d’activités des individus, leurs contraintes et les configurations territoriales dans lesquelles ils évoluent. Elle s’appuie sur les Enquêtes Mobilité (EMD/EMC²) menées dans trois métropoles françaises pour modéliser les principales composantes de la mobilité quotidienne : emplois du temps, espaces fréquentés, distances parcourues et modes de transport.La méthode proposée permet d’estimer des trajectoires individuelles et de les projeter dans un espace-temps structuré, afin d’analyser la capacité de ce dernier à générer un potentiel de regroupement. À partir de ces trajectoires modélisées, différents niveaux de convergence sont identifiés, révélant comment les structures sociales et territoriales conditionnent les possibilités de coordination des mobilités.En associant modélisation probabiliste et étude des structures spatiales, cette thèse propose un cadre généralisable permettant d’appréhender la cohérence spatiotemporelle des mobilités quotidiennes. Elle montre que le regroupement ne relève pas seulement de choix individuels, mais découle des rythmes collectifs et de l’organisation de l’espace. En ce sens, elle met en lumière les conditions structurelles qui favorisent la coordination des déplacements et ouvre des perspectives pour une mobilité plus durable