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Les écritures de la recherche à l'épreuve des ajustements partenariaux : la recherche embarquée ?
No full textInternational audienceCette communication propose d'interroger le rôle de la commande sur l'écriture de la recherche. Quelles sont les implications des partenariats sur les pratiques et surtout l'écriture de la recherche ? Quels ajustements effectuent le chercheur dans des projets de recherche commanditée ? Peut-on finalement le chercheur comme embarqué ? Et quelles sont ses marges de manœuvre
PREVENIR-IVF: study protocol for a prospective multicentre randomized open comparative trial, which explores the efficacy of a multidisciplinary platform reducing and preventing reprotoxic environmental exposures in subfertile couples on live birth rate after assisted reproduction treatment
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundA growing body of research suggests that parental exposure to environmental exposures (chemical, physical, organizational, stress) or abnormal body mass index (BMI) may impair couples’ reproductive health. In many couples, these exposures in the workplace, at home (notably addictions, diet and physical activity) or in the domestic environment (stress, chemical and/or physical exposures) can be mitigated or eliminated by protective measures or by promoting behavioural changes. We postulate that in subfertile couples starting assisted reproduction treatment (ART), the systematic use of a multidisciplinary support platform aimed at detecting all environmental risk factors and implementing personalized preventive/corrective measures will improve ART outcomes and the spontaneous pregnancy rate.MethodsOn the basis of the French PREVENIR (PREVention ENvIronment Reproduction) platform network, we designed a prospective multicentre randomized open-label comparative study in 2112 subfertile couples eligible for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The primary objective is to evaluate the efficiency of using the PREVENIR platform before the first IVF/ICSI (“platform pathway”, arm A) compared with standard ART without the PREVENIR platform (“standard pathway”, arm B) by comparing the proportions of couples who obtain at least one live birth during the 24 months of follow-up. Patients will complete four self-report questionnaires assessing environmental exposures, quality of life, physical activity and mental health. BMI and exhaled CO will be measured at inclusion, during IVF/ICSI and then every 6 months for 24 months. IVF/ICSI and pregnancy data will be registered. In arm A, free teleconsultations with dieticians, addictologists, psychologists and occupational physicians will be provided if necessary, and an application will be used for personalized patient information. A cost-effectiveness study will inform the public health stakeholders on the relevance of implementing such a platform.DiscussionThe PREVENIR-IVF protocol addresses environmental exposures in a holistic manner, with a strong focus on occupational exposures. Spontaneous and/or post-ART birth rate, time to pregnancy and the course of pregnancies could be improved in “platform” versus “standard” pathway. From a public health and social point of view, professional health networks such as PREVENIR would contribute to health education by raising awareness of the environmental challenges to reproductive health
Does predictability modulate the sentence superiority effect? Perhaps – but not as one might predict!: Sentence superiority and predictability
No full textInternational audienceWritten words presented within a sequence of words are identified more accurately when this sequence forms a correct sentence or phrase compared with an ungrammatical re-ordering of the same words. Here we examined if this sentence superiority effect (SSE) is modulated by the predictability of the target word given the sentence context. Target words were at positions 2 and 5 in 5-word sequences, and either had high or low cloze probabilities (measured by an independent cloze test and further checked using the word-in-context probabilities obtained with a Large Language Model). Given that predictability only made sense when considering grammatically correct sequences, we performed two separate analyses. We found: 1) an effect of grammaticality (i.e., we replicated the SSE), 2) a small effect of predictability on responses to grammatically correct sequences, and 3) no interaction between predictability and grammaticality. The impact of predictability on the SSE was then evaluated by comparing the magnitude of the SSE obtained with more predictable words vs. less predictable words, with the SSE in each of these conditions being measured using identification accuracy for the same word at the same position in grammatical and ungrammatical sequences. Results revealed no significant modulation of the SSE by word predictability. We conclude that syntactic and semantic constraints, and not predictability per se (as measured by a cloze test or LLM statistics), contribute to the sentence superiority effect. Crucially, this provides evidence against guessing accounts of the SSE according to which predictability should play a key role
L'abbaye canoniale d'Entremont et son environnement au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne: Rapport de projet collectif de recherche
No full textAu terme de ce rapport, nous tenons à remercier les différentes institutions et personnes qui ont directement contribué au bon déroulement et à la réussite de cette première année de projet.</div
Converser avec des « quasi-collègues ». L’entretien comme outil d’objectivation des pratiques et de construction d’une identité professionnelle en sciences humaines et sociales
No full textInternational audienceCette contribution opère un retour réflexif sur l’entretien de recherche semi-directif – pris dans un plus large dispositif d’enquête croisant diverses méthodes mixtes – comme moyen de documenter les pratiques informationnelles des chercheur·euses sur deux plateformes numériques en accès ouvert (Gallica et OpenEdition). Dans un contexte où enquêteur·ice et enquêté·e sont mutuellement des « professionnel·les du discours » et, plus encore, des professionnel·les du discours sur leur méthode, l’entretien peut être vu comme une épreuve d’objectivation réciproque des pratiques : il se transforme en une conversation entre « quasi-collègues » qui sont mis en demeure de justifier des pratiques qui relèvent du familier. En creux, se construit alors une identité professionnelle commune articulée à une communauté de pratiques
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment for Healthcare Providers: a Pedagogic Tutorial
No full textInternational audienceInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents significant health challenges on a global scale, primarily encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions are characterized by cycles of relapse and remission. Current treatment options, including conventional chemical therapies and biologics such as anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α (anti-TNFα), anti-integrin, anti-interleukins 12 (IL-12) or 23 (IL-23) agents, Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1p) receptor modulators, provide symptomatic relief but do not offer a cure. These therapies are associated with both localized and systemic adverse effects, necessitating careful patient monitoring. Probiotics and prebiotics have been investigated for their potential to enhance gut microbiota diversity, which may assist in managing IBD. However, their efficacy in preventing disease flares remains limited. Recent advances in drug delivery systems, including pressure-based and pH-sensitive formulations, aim at enhancing localized treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, a pharmacogenomic approach could improve treatment personalization, optimize therapeutic outcomes, and enhance patients' quality of life by addressing mental health needs and ensuring comprehensive follow-up care. Despite increased awareness and education among healthcare providers regarding IBD, there is still a need for clearer guidance on available treatment options. Objective: This review aims at providing deeper understanding of IBD management strategies, ultimately striving to improve the quality of care for individuals affected by this disease.</div
Contribution à l'estimation d'un diagnostic territorial pour la gestion des déchets du bâtiment : approche par Modélisation à base d'agent
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Acoustically responsive monodisperse nanodroplets stabilized with biocompatible fluorinated surfactants
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L'art à l'épreuve du génocide à Gaza : un acte de survie
No full textInternational audienceThis text brings together the voices – texts and works – of direct witnesses from inside the genocide in Gaza. The Palestinian artists Bayan Abu Nahla, Maisara Baroud, Sama Emad, Raed Issa, Abod Nasser, and Sohail Salem are all survivors; they have lost everything: their homes, family members, their archives, their studios, their work tools, years of creation. Through artistic practice, they attempt to confront the culturicidal enterprise implemented by the Israeli colonial state : a deliberate policy that seeks to systematically annihilate the intellectual world and artistic heritage in order to erase the history, identity, and very existence of the Palestinian people. While the enclave has become a field of ruins, an unprecedented artistic effervescence is being observed in Gaza where artwork holds a crucial testimonial value, and art is not only a practice but an act of resistance and survival.Ce texte réunit les voix – textes et œuvres – de témoins directs de l’intérieur du génocide à Gaza. Les artistes palestinien·nes Bayan Abu Nahla, Maisara Baroud, Sama Emad, Raed Issa, Abod Nasser et Sohail Salem sont tout·es rescapé·es ; ils et elles ont tout perdu, leurs maisons, des membres de leurs familles, leurs archives, leurs ateliers, leurs outils de travail, des années de création. Par la pratique artistique, ils et elles tentent de faire face à l’entreprise culturicide mise en place par l’État colonial israélien : une politique délibérée qui cherche à anéantir de manière systématique, le monde intellectuel et le patrimoine artistique pour effacer l’histoire, l’identité et l’existence même du peuple palestinien. Si l’enclave est devenue un champ de ruines, on assiste à une effervescence artistique inédite à Gaza où l’œuvre détient une valeur cruciale de témoignage et l’art n’est pas seulement une pratique, mais un acte de résistance et de survie
Using Drone for Coastal Surveillance: an Innovative Approach to Coastal Management in Oceania
No full textInternational audienceMonitoring coastal dynamics is a major challenge for shoreline management, particularly in tropical island contexts affected by climate change. In recent years, the use of drones (UAVs) has emerged as an innovative and complementary tool to traditional shoreline monitoring methods. By enabling the rapid acquisition of very high-resolution spatial data, drones facilitate the production of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), accurate orthophotographs, and time series analyses of shoreline evolution. Through regular aerial survey campaigns, it becomes possible to precisely measure processes such as erosion, accretion, or submersion.Lightweight, cost-effective, and highly adaptable, drones offer a suitable response to the environmental monitoring constraints of insular territories.This presentation will draw on several field experiences conducted in New Caledonia and Vanuatu as part of research programs focused on shoreline monitoring and coastal management. It will show how the integration of drone data improves our understanding of coastal dynamics in a context of climate change. This type of approach paves the way for strengthening local capacities to ensure regular and autonomous monitoring of vulnerable shorelines.La surveillance des dynamiques côtières est un enjeu majeur pour la gestion des littoraux, particulièrement en contexte insulaire tropical soumis aux effets du changement climatique. L’utilisation des drones (UAV) s’est imposée ces dernières années comme un outil innovant et complémentaire aux méthodes traditionnelles de suivi du rivage. En permettant l’acquisition rapide de données à très haute résolution spatiale, les drones facilitent la production de modèles numériques de terrain (MNT), d’orthophotographies précises, et de séries temporelles d’évolution du trait de côte. À travers des campagnes régulières de survols, il est possible de mesurer finement les processus d’érosion, d’accrétion ou de submersion. Légers, peu coûteux et adaptables, les drones offrent ainsi une réponse adaptée aux contraintes des territoires insulaires en matière de suivi environnemental. Notre communication s’appuiera sur plusieurs retours d’expérience menés en Nouvelle-Calédonie et au Vanuatu dans le cadre de programmes de recherche sur le suivi et la gestion du littoral. Elle montrera comment l’intégration de données drone permet d’améliorer la compréhension des dynamiques côtières dans un contexte de changement climatique. Ce type d’approche ouvre la voie à un renforcement des capacités locales pour un suivi régulier et autonome des littoraux exposés.