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Characterization and vulnerability of agriculture participating in Alternative food networks in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur (France)
No full textInternational audienceThe 21st century has witnessed a revival of food commercialization strategies in France, notably through the development of Alternative Food Networks (AFN). The literature highlights that conventional food chains tend to be adopted by specific types of agricultural spaces-particularly large farms, with simple plot morphologies and strong spatial specialization. This communication focuses on the spatial and morphological characteristics of agricultural forms associated with AFN engagement. More specifically, it aims to explore the vulnerability to land abandonment of agricultural spaces with high potential for participation in AFN. First (A), this communication presents a modelling approach developed in the PACA (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) region of France to identify the characteristics of agricultural spaces involved in AFN. Second (B), we propose three research perspectives to assess the vulnerability to land use change of AFN-engaged agricultural areas, in the general context of agricultural land abandonment. (A) Based on interviews and semi-automated data collection, the developed model evaluates the likelihood of AFN engagement for agricultural spaces. The results indicate that such forms of agriculture are generally excluded from large production spaces and tend to be located near urban areas. These agricultural forms also feature smaller plot sizes, lower levels of specialization, and more complex morphological characteristics, making them less compatible with intensive production systems. (B) Furthermore, these findings open up research directions regarding the land abandonment dynamics of agricultural spaces suited to AFN. Three methods are explored and discussed to assess these dynamics: applying the model across different time periods to identify land-use trajectories; a regression modelling approach to assess the risk of agricultural land abandonment; and a statistical analysis comparing AFN engagement potentials across both abandoned and cultivated lands. In the context of growing public policy interest in food system relocalization, this communication underscores the relationship between the physical characteristics of agricultural spaces and their engagement in AFN. Primary results suggest a higher vulnerability to land abandonment dynamics for the agricultural spaces with strong AFN engagement potentials. This communication emphasizes the importance of considering the spatial characteristics of agricultural spaces when designing public policies aimed at supporting and preserving 'local' agriculture
Faciliter la documentation des données grâce aux métadonnées dans un projet de recherche: Check-list pratique
No full textCette check-list a pour but de faciliter la documentation des données grâce aux métadonnées qui leurs sont associées. Elle détaille les étapes de la gestion des métadonnées tout au long du cycle de vie des données. Elle propose une méthode simple, constituée de solutions pratiques pour les collecter et les conserver à moindre effort. Cette checklist est à la fois un outil de support à la rédaction des plans de gestion de données et d’aide à la gestion des métadonnées sur l’ensemble d’un projet.Cette checklist est générique et pourra être ajustée en fonction des exigences de votre établissement, communauté disciplinaire ou financeur. Elle peut notamment s’adapter à différents contextes en sélectionnant certains items ou en les reformulant
Les études de public de musées : symptôme d’un tiraillement patrimonial
No full textInternational audienceLes sollicitations régulières pour réaliser des études de publics que ce soit dans le secteur du spectacle vivant et/ou des musées, sont dans le cadre de cette communication, mises à l'épreuve en vue de comprendre les enjeux socio-politiques de ces demandes et de leur caractère répétitif. A partir de nos expériences de terrain et plus spécifiquement du travail doctoral mené 0par Pascal Quidu sur une socio-histoire des études de publics, et de l'étude de cas d'une étude réalisée pour le musée des Beaux-Arts de Draguignan, cette communication propose une lecture critique du processus "étude de publics" à partir de trois notions : instrumentation, instrumentalisation et solutionnisme
Etudier les pratiques des visiteurs : de l'évaluation des outils numériques de médiation aux promesses de l'automatisation
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U-NetMN and SegNetMN: Modified U-Net and SegNet Models for Bimodal SAR Image Segmentation
No full textInternational audienceSegmenting Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is crucial for many remote sensing applications, particularly water body detection. However, deep learning-based segmentation models often face challenges related to convergence speed and stability, mainly due to the complex statistical distribution of this type of data. In this study, we evaluate the impact of mode normalization on two widely used semantic segmentation models, U-Net and SegNet. Specifically, we integrate mode normalization, to reduce convergence time while maintaining the performance of the baseline models. Experimental results demonstrate that mode normalization significantly accelerates convergence. Furthermore, cross-validation results indicate that normalized models exhibit increased stability in different zones. These findings highlight the effectiveness of normalization in improving computational efficiency and generalization in SAR image segmentation
Nexus approach to enhance water-energy-food security and ecosystems resilience under climate change in the Mediterranean
No full textInternational audienceThe Mediterranean Basin, already a water-scarcity hotspot, faces intensifying droughts and warming that strain the water–energy–food–ecosystems (WEFE) nexus. Climate impacts cascade across sectors, while siloed responses risk maladaptation. Nexus-based solutions—centred on water—can foster synergies and reduce trade-offs, with nature-based, socially inclusive, and clean energy strategies offering transformative potential. Yet governance, cooperation, and data gaps persist; closing these is vital to operationalize the nexus and advance regional sustainability
Territorialisation des établissements scolaires ruraux : quel pilotage pour les chefs d’établissement ?
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Chicoric Acid and Chlorogenic Acid: Two Hydroxycinnamic Acids Modulate the Glucose 6-Phosphatase Activities in Pancreatic INS1 Beta-Cells—Novel Data in Favor of Two Putative Conformations of the G6Pase Within the ER Membrane
No full textInternational audienceChicoric and chlorogenic acids (CRA and CGA), two caffeic acid derivatives found in a large variety of plants, particularly in Asteraceae, are known to modulate glucose-6phosphatase (G6Pase) in hepatic and muscle cells. The aim of the present study is to use CRA/CGA to explore the modulation role and molecular mechanism of endocrine pancreatic beta-cells' insulin secretion. The G6Pase enzyme activity influenced by caffeic and derivatives alone or in combination was assessed on microsomal fractions of INS1-betacells and hepatocytes. Overall, our results show inverse effects of CGA/CRA, allowing us to investigate the G6Pase activity modulation under low and high glucose concentrations. Our data strongly suggests the existence of two putative forms of the G6Pase enzyme. Based on these observations, we formulate the hypothesis of an adaptative bi-conformational model of G6Pase enzyme activity modulation depending on the level of the beta-cell glucose exposure
Caractérisation par métabarcoding de la diversité microbienne des sols enrichis en boues rouges du bassin minier de Provence et de l’agglomération marseillaise (MARS, Microbial diversity Assessment in Redmud Soils)
No full textFiche Synthèse OHM Bassin Minier ProvenceL’agglomération marseillaise, est un territoire marqué par ses activités industrielles, notamment minières et sidérurgiques, qu’elles soient passées ou actuelles. Parmi les activités sidérurgiques, celle d’extraction d’alumine de la bauxite est toujours présente sur le territoire et est à l’origine de nombreux dépôts de résidus d’extraction appelés communément " Boues Rouges ". Certains de ces dépôts ont été laissés en l’état, c'est-à-dire sans couche de fermeture (Griffon, Mange Garri), tandis que d’autres ont été recouverts de terre végétale (La Delorme, La Barasse, Mange Garri). Si les boues rouges ont fait l’objet d’études scientifiques extensives quant à leurs possibilités de recyclage industriel, les études sur leurs effets environnementaux, en particulier sur la composante biologique des sols, sont beaucoup moins nombreuses et, de surcroît, inexistantes au niveau de l’agglomération marseillaise. Ce projet vise à étudier comment les communautés microbiennes des sols s’adaptent à une contamination par des boues rouges, d’un point de vue fonctionnel et génétique ; la structuration génétique est analysée par métabarcoding (séquençage à haut débit)
ADI-20: Arabic Dialect Identification dataset and models
No full textPublished in Interspeech 2025International audienceWe present ADI-20, an extension of the previously published ADI-17 Arabic Dialect Identification (ADI) dataset. ADI-20 covers all Arabic-speaking countries' dialects. It comprises 3,556 hours from 19 Arabic dialects in addition to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). We used this dataset to train and evaluate various state-of-the-art ADI systems. We explored fine-tuning pre-trained ECAPA-TDNN-based models, as well as Whisper encoder blocks coupled with an attention pooling layer and a classification dense layer. We investigated the effect of (i) training data size and (ii) the model's number of parameters on identification performance. Our results show a small decrease in F1 score while using only 30% of the original training data. We open-source our collected data and trained models to enable the reproduction of our work, as well as support further research in ADI