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Les chemins de la traduction : Louveau et Larivey, face aux enjeux de la fidélité et de l'adaptation au XVIe siècle
No full textMaster international franco-italien (Avignon-Milan) - Double diplômeUniversité de Milan : Laurea magistrale - Lingue et Letterature Europee ed ExtraeuropeeLe XVIe siècle représente un moment décisif dans l’histoire de la langue française, surtout après le traité de Villers-Cotterêts en 1539, qui impose la langue française comme langue de l’administration. Cet événement marque le début d’un processus plus large, où les intellectuels français aspirent à faire évoluer la langue française au niveau des plus grandes langues européennes. Ce changement, né en Italie, exerce une forte influence sur les auteurs et les traducteurs français, qui voient dans la traduction un outil privilégié pour valoriser et développer leur langue ainsi que le patrimoine littéraire national. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrivent les travaux de Jean Louveau et Pierre de Larivey, traducteurs du livre Le Piacevoli Notti de Giovanni Francesco Straparola. Cette œuvre, publiée en Italie au milieu du XVIe siècle, se compose de nouvelles mêlant fables et énigmes imprégnées de cruauté. Elle obtient un succès remarquable et attire rapidement l’attention des chercheurs français. Les deux traductions françaises adoptent une approche contrastée, qui reflète des visions différentes des actes traductifs. Jean Louveau, le premier à traduire le texte, adopte une stratégie de traduction littérale, cherchant à être le plus fidèle possible à l’original italien. Au contraire, Pierre de Larivey opte pour une traduction plus libre, impliquant une adaptation profonde visant à rendre l’œuvre plus accessible au public français. Un des aspects les plus significatifs est le thème de la cruauté, récurrent dans l’univers narratif de Straparola. Louveau, dans sa tentative de maintenir une fidélité textuelle, peut parfois réduire l’efficacité narrative du texte par sa rigidité. Larivey, en revanche, préfère introduire des adaptations stylistiques et culturelles qui permettent de mieux transmettre l’esprit et la signification profonde de l’œuvre. L’étude comparative des deux traductions révèle donc une tension entre deux méthodes de traduction : la fidélité à la lettre et la fidélité à l’esprit. Dans le même temps, elle souligne le rôle fondamental du traducteur en tant que médiateur culturel, capable d’adapter la signification d’une œuvre pour faciliter sa réception et son intégration dans un nouveau contexte littéraire
LUMA: A Benchmark Dataset for Learning from Uncertain and Multimodal Data
No full textInternational audienc
« Les logements du capital. Entre ville, profits et régulation, une géographie économique de la promotion résidentielle privée en France (2008-2022) », Carnets de géographes, Carnets de soutenance
No full textLa pensée créative à l’école, une utopie ?: Écriture créative, arts plastiques et livre d’artiste en formation des professeurs des écoles français
No full textInternational audienceThe results of the PISA 2022 survey show that while the creativity of French students is in line with the average of OECD countries, it is strongly conditioned by socio-economic background. This paper explores the question of the development of creativity in schools, in particular through the training of future teachers in French schools through the creation of artist's books, combining artistic writing and visual arts. Two experiments conducted in the MEEF master's degree show that while interdisciplinarity between linguistic and plastic signs promotes creativity, the type of course (instructions vs. questions) has an impact on the originality and enrichment of the meaning of the productions.Les résultats de l’enquête PISA 2022 montrent que si la créativité des élèves français est dans la moyenne des pays de l’OCDE, elle est en revanche fortement conditionnée par le milieu socio-économique. Cette communication explore la question du développement de la créativité à l’école, en particulier à travers la formation des futurs professeurs des écoles français via la création de livres d’artiste, croisant écriture artistique et arts plastiques. Deux expérimentations menées en master MEEF montrent que si l’interdisciplinarité entre signes linguistiques et plastiques favorise la créativité, le type de cours (consignes vs questions) a un impact sur l’originalité et l’enrichissement du sens des productions
Characterization of agricultural spaces engaged in proximity-based alternative food networks: The southeastern France case study
No full textInternational audienceAlternative Food Networks (AFN) are food commercial strategies based on geographical proximity. In Europe, these alternative strategies are emerging in a context of increasing productivity and the globalization of food markets. This article characterizes the forms of agricultural spaces involved in AFN within the PACA (Provence-Alpes-Côte d′Azur) region of France, and assesses the potential for agricultural spaces to engage in such alternative food chains. Based on interviews and semi-automatic data collection, the article develops a machine learning classification model to assess the likelihood of AFN engagement for agricultural spaces. The measurement of LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association) coefficients, based on the model's output, identifies differences between spatial clusters of conventional and alternative agricultural spaces. Alternative agricultural spaces are found to be more isolated than conventional compact regions. The model's analysis highlights the exclusion of alternative agricultural spaces from large production regions and their geographical proximity to urban areas. The results also underline smaller sizes, lower specialization, and more complex morphological characteristics for these alternative agricultural spaces, making them less suited to intensive forms of production. In light of strong public policy interest in food system relocalization, this article highlights the relationship between agricultural spaces characteristics and their engagement in AFN, and emphasizes the importance of considering the agricultural model when designing strategies to support and preserve 'local' agriculture.</div
Landscape ecology to address socio-environmental challenges
No full textInternational audienceLandscape ecology in Europe is a scientific discipline that aims to understand the social and ecological factors that determine the characteristics of landscapes and their consequences for ecological processes. It is closely related to other research fields such as geography, spatial ecology and landscape architecture. This presentation provides an overview of landscape ecology in France, based on an analysis of current research topics. We explain how landscape ecology can contribute to a better response to current socio-environmental issues. In particular, the conservation and restoration of biodiversity and of the ecosystem functions it sustains depends strongly on the spatial structure of landscapes and their dynamics. Understanding the relationships between the different patterns that can be seen in landscapes and the processes which drive species distribution and dynamics is crucial to defining land-use policies that are favourable to biodiversity. The spatial organisation of landscape components and their management are delivering insights to promote ecological processes that useful for agro-ecological transitions in agriculture and for restoring / complexifying biodiversity and ecosystems in urban areas. Landscape ecology provides the theoretical and methodological frameworks needed to address these issues, drawing on the vast amount of new spatial data available. The human dimension of landscapes plays an increasingly important role in this research, through the development of interdisciplinary approaches. The spatial models produced are often used in participatory approaches to encourage collective action in favour to the restoration of landscapes and ecological processes. In summary, landscape ecology in Europe, together with other disciplines, is contributing to the emergence of concepts and methods for integrated landscape management that combine different issues
Tailoring interaction network types to answer different ecological questions
No full textInternational audienceEcological interaction networks are an important tool for describing species interactions, but many network approaches are available, each with their strengths and weaknesses. In this Perspective, we describe how interaction networks can be differentiated in two main ways: by the extent of node aggregation (how species are lumped into groups) and by the type of information contained in links (potential versus realized interactions). We discuss the ecological questions that each network type can address, how measurements from different types of network should be interpreted, and their relative advantages. Networks with nodes aggregated to functional groups are suitable when focusing on ecosystem-level processes and ecosystem functions. Species-level networks provide information about the assembly of ecological communities or about how abiotic and biotic drivers influence species persistence. Networks with potential links are particularly useful for understanding ecological redundancy or for long-term or large-scale studies, where all potential interactions are likely to be realized. Networks of realized interactions provide access to finer mechanisms of the interplay between abiotic and biotic factors in determining ecological interactions. Identifying the advantages and limitations of different interaction networks will aid methodological decision making and increase the utility and applicability of ecological networks in biodiversity and conservation research programmes
Seeking Knowledge in Clandestinity: Learning and Teaching Islam Among the Morisco Minorities
No full textInternational audience‘El ḏemanḏar el saber es ḏeuḏo a toḏo muçlīm [i] el dezirlo los sabīos es deudo a quien se lo pregunta’. In Islam, acquiring knowledge and transmitting it are duties. In a minority context, it ensures the group’s sociocultural maintenance as a community; in secrecy and under persecution, it becomes a matter of survival, or rather, eschatologically, of collective and individual salvation in the hereafter, despite one’s survival in this earthly life. The starting point of this paper and its state of art is that, according to historical studies, the Aragonese inquisitorial sources of the xvith and xviith century report on numerous teaching assemblies - juntas - among the Moriscos. I argue that the philological exploration of the internal production of the minority - the Aljamiado codices -, provides a complementing voice from within, in particular exhortatory texts. Indeed, their exam offers us a conception of knowledge (Ar. ʿilm) presented as a soteriological key. Although these texts’ being traditional, their textual and contextual analyses reveal hierarchical interpersonal relationships ordered by Islamic wisdom. This structuring hierarchy rests upon (religious) knowledge - its owning, its seeking, and its transmitting - and establishes the sage as a learned leader to obey here below and a modelling master to follow for the hereafter. In regards to the Muslim stubborn irredentism declaimed by contemporary Christian sources and, in particular, to the sociocultural persecution by the Inquisition, I conclude these texts, produced by the remnant cultural-religious elite in secrecy, and, thus, this concept of knowledge fostered, as a discursive instrument, a communal identity in order to maintain a crypto-Islamic community of belief and of practice, whose keystone was knowledge
19th-century afforestation policies have predisposed mountain slopes to forest expansion under recent climate warming in the southern French Alps
No full textInternational audienceThis interdisciplinary study investigates the long-term interplay between forests, human societies, and climate in Abriès-Ristolas (Queyras massif, southern French Alps) over the past 200 years. Drawing on archival records, dendrochronology, satellite-derived vegetation indices, and climate data, we trace the historical legacies that have shaped contemporary land cover and forest dynamics. Our findings show that recent forest expansion and land greening – often attributed solely to climate change – are also the outcome of 19th-century socio-economic shifts and environmental policies. Specifically, we find that spatial variability in greening trends aligns with the historical structure of cadastral parcels, highlighting persistent land-use effects. The 1860 Mountain Reforestation Law, locally implemented by an 1864 decree, combined with rural depopulation and a decline in pastoral activities, significantly reduced anthropogenic pressure, facilitating natural forest regeneration in this area. These historical transformations have predisposed the landscape to continued forest expansion, with recent climate warming further amplifying this trajectory over the past four decades. This case study underscores the importance of incorporating land-use legacies into interdisciplinary approaches for understanding present-day ecological change
Monitoring seasonal pollen deposition in an arid environment using Tauber traps: ecological and aerobiological insights from Kashan, central Iran
No full textInternational audienceMonitoring atmospheric pollen deposition with Tauber traps has long supported palaeoecological studies in temperate regions of Europe, but their application in arid regions and their potential in aerobiology remain underexplored. We installed Tauber traps at three sites in Kashan and neighbouring towns on the western margin of the central Iranian desert, with weekly and monthly collections over one year, to assess their efficiency in capturing seasonal airborne pollen. The traps reliably reflected both regional desert-steppe vegetation and urban or peri-urban plantations. Comparison with clinical allergy data shows that Chenopodiaceae (s. str.) and Artemisia, together with Morus alba, Olea europaea, and Cupressus, are the major airborne allergens in Kashan. Our findings stress that the allergenic importance of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia—dominant in summer and autumn pollen rains—has been underestimated in regional aerobiological surveys and clinical testing, which typically rely on a narrow set of non-native extracts. We propose that Tauber traps, as a simple and inexpensive tool, could complement aerobiological monitoring in remote drylands and inform both ecological and medical studie