HAL Portal AU (University of Avignon)
Not a member yet
35713 research outputs found
Sort by
Carotenoids, microconstituents whose bioaccessibility increases with processing
No full textInternational audienceCarotenoids are lipophilic plant secondary metabolites characterized by an isoprenoid backbone. Some of them are provitamin A, some of them are colored, notably lycopene. Their bioavailability from plant tissues is very low, and markedly increased by processing1. Especially, the carotenoid diffusion and solubility into the oil phase from the food matrix play a critical role in determining their bioaccessibility Combined physico-chemical and chemical mechanisms may explain variations in this phenomenon.In the native plant cell, lycopene, a C40 hydrocarbon with 11 double bonds, is present exclusively in the chromoplasts, where it can be present in amore or less crystalline stade, and as its all-E isomer. Processing and notably thermomechanical processes first enable rupture of the hydrophilic plant cell walls2, which realized a natural barrer to its dissolution in oil droplets in the stomach. A second limiting factor is the nature of the interface in gastric juices: time courses and levels of incorporation of lycopene in oil droplets is strongly dependant on the nature of the tensioactive molecules, including those derived from the chromoplast and other plant membranes. The lycopene molecule itself is modified during processing, with the generation of Z-isomers, which are more soluble than the all-E isomer, and more bioaccesssible. This also contributes to understanding why Z-isomers of lycopene are more abundant in the blood. A last observation is that this generation of Z-isomers can be influenced by the recipe, and notably increased by the presence of Allium vegetables. Among the microconstituants of Allium vegetables, the alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides (e.g. alliin) were identified as key players, not in their native forms but through their degradation products by (alliinase)-catalyzed breakdown following tissue disruption. Understanding these intricate and complex phenomena, and how they can be modulated by processing and recipe, is key to improve our understanding of the health-beneficial properties of fruit and vegetables. References:1.Rock & Swendseid, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1992, 55, 96-99.2.Degrou et al. Food Chemistry, 2013, 136, 435-441.3.Yu et al. Food Chemistry, 2019, 296, 9–16.4.Yu et al. LWT, 2019, 113, Article 10828
Wind4Birds: An interactive tool for optimising the dimensions of wind turbines and their distance to nest sites to mitigate bird collision risk
No full textInternational audienceWind energy development leads to an increased mortality of birds due to collisions with wind turbines, unless effective mitigation measures are put in place. Recent GPS-tracking studies have highlighted that the layout of wind farms may have important effects on the collision risk of different raptor species (Schaub et al. 2024*, Schaub 2024^). These results implied that by carefully selecting the dimensions of wind turbines (ground clearance, rotor diameter) and their locations with respect to the nest locations of birds, collision risk can be reduced considerably – potentially without compromising the energy production.To facilitate the informed selection of the wind farm layout, we are currently developing an interactive online tool based on the aforementioned studies entitled Wind4Birds. This freely accessible tool will allow project developers, environmental authorities and other stakeholders to compare the expected collision risk for a given target species among different scenarios. For each scenario, a collision risk index is calculated based on the widely applied Band Collision Risk Model.Regarding bird behaviour, the main input data for the calculations are 1) the birds’ flight height distribution and 2) the relationship between the time spent in a given area and the distance from nest. For these aspects, the tool provides default matrices on six raptor species (Montagu’s Harrier, Hen Harrier, Marsh Harrier, Common Buzzard, Red Kite and Short-toed Eagle) derived from an extensive GPS-tracking dataset (288 individuals from six European countries). The matrices comprise bootstrap replicates which are used to derive confidence intervals. Besides the six default species, users will have the possibility to apply Wind4Birds to other bird species by uploading their own data.The input parameters required from the users are ground clearance, rotor diameter, the number and the locations of wind turbines for each scenario, as well as the locations of (suspected) nest sites of the target species. Concerning technical turbine parameters such as power capacity and rotation speed, users may rely on default values based on the given rotor diameter. Besides the total collision risk, Wind4Birds allows to compare the collision risk per power capacity and optionally the collision risk per energy production among scenarios.We expect Wind4Birds to provide valuable insights for mitigating bird collision risk during the planning phase of new wind farms and repowering projects. The first version of the tool is expected to be operational in summer 2025.* https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176551^ https://theses.hal.science/tel-0468480
Uncertainty in risk maps. Application to floods and marine submersion hazards
No full textInternational audienc
Effect of pedoclimatic conditions on the chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L
No full textInternational audienc
Advantages and drawbacks of plant-based beverages as alternatives to animal milk: A multidimensional review
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614602/)International audienceBackground: Plant-based beverages have gained increasing prominence as alternatives to animal milk, particularly for individuals with lactose intolerance, milk protein allergies, or those adhering to vegetarian and vegan diets. The widespread adoption of these products requires a comprehensive evaluation of their multiple properties, as they possess a range of nutritional, technological, economic, and environmental benefits and drawbacks. Aims: This narrative review provides a multidimensional synthesis of the advantages and limitations associated with plant-based beverages as viable alternatives to animal milk. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across the Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed databases for articles published between 2010 and 2024. A set of defined keywords yielded 183 articles, from which 68 were selected for inclusion based on their methodological rigor and thematic relevance. Results: The findings indicate that plant-based beverages are naturally free of lactose and cholesterol and often contain beneficial dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. They are also appreciated for their sensory diversity and adaptability to specific dietary preferences. However, they are generally lower in protein and essential micronutrients compared to animal milk. Furthermore, their composition exhibits significant variability, which is influenced by the raw materials (e.g., cereals, legumes, dried fruit, etc.) and the technological processing methods employed. Environmentally, these beverages generally exhibit a lower carbon footprint, yet their retail cost remains a key disadvantage for consumers. Conclusions: In conclusion, this review highlights the critical need for further research focused on enhancing the formulation of plant-based beverages to more effectively meet consumers expectations regarding nutritional value, sensory quality, and affordability
Plan de Gestion des Données Structure de l'UMR 1114 EMMAH (INRAE - Avignon Université)
No full textInternational audienceCe document décrit le cycle de vie de 4 produits de recherche traités au sein de l'UMR EMMAH:- les données d'observation et d'expérimentation- les données de simulation- les échantillons- les codes informatiquesUn produit de recherche désigne un processus de gestion de la donnée commun et peut correspondre à plusieurs domaines thématiques. Pour chaque produit, sont notamment décrits:- la présentation générale des données- les droits de propriété intellectuelle- la sensibilité des données- le partage des données- l'organisation et la documentation des données- le stockage et la sécurité des données- l'archivage et la conservation des donnée
P04-12 Effects of 5G exposure on gene expression of browning in TRPM8 knockout mice
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction:The rapid expansion of radiofrequency (RF) in telecommunication raises concerns about possible health impacts. Previous studies have shown that radiofrequency exposure at low intensity of 900 MHz (2G) can induce a cold sensation and a thermal preference for warmer environments 1, 2, 3. These results suggest thermoregulatory responses that could trigger the activation of thermogenesis as the browning in white adipose tissue and the implication of TRPM8, an important receptor implicated in the cold sensation [4]. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the impact of 3.5 GHz (5G) RF exposure on UCP1 thermogenic pathway and the interaction between 5G exposure and the TRPM8 cold sensor using TRPM8 knockout (KO) mice.Methods:Adult C57BL/6J, wildtype (WT) and TRPM8 KO female and male mice (n=12) were randomised into 2 subgroups (n=6): 5G group (3.5 GHz), and control group (SHAM). 5G groups (male and female) were exposed twice a day for 7 days at an intensity of 1.5 V/m at 3.5 GHz for one hour. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated at 30 mW/kg. At the end of exposure period, white adipose tissue (WAT) was collected and RT-qPCR was carried out on genes implicated in the thermogenic pathway (UCP-1, PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, PRDM-16, DiO2, S100b, PGC1-alpha, ADRB3, Irisine and Cidea). An analysis of variance test followed by a Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis to evaluate the effects of 3 factors: sex (male vs female), RF exposure (5G vs sham) and genotype (KO vs WT).Results:There is no modification in expression of UCP1, PPAR-alpha, PGC1-alpha, PRDM16, S100b, Di02, ADRB3 and Cidea genes. The 5G exposure increases the expression of Irisine, regardless of the sex and genotype of mice (+75.9%, p=0.002). The expression of PPAR-gamma in female exposed groups increases compared to female sham groups (+51.2%, p=0.03) and compared to male exposed groups (+62.3%, p=0.03). Moreover, the expression of PPAR-gamma is overexpressed in TRPM8 KO exposed groups compared to TRPM8 KO sham groups (+51.8%, p=0.01) and compared to WT exposed groups (+81.2%, p=0.001).Conclusion:Our results show an overexpression of 2 markers (Irisine and PPAR-gamma) implicated in the browning of WAT. This process is currently activated by a cold stimulation to increase the production of heat. Thus, we confirm that RF exposure, particularly 5G signal, induce physiological responses similar to those activated by cold stimulation
Strengthening one health in the future of the Caribbean through a regional community of practice
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614395/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;AUSCAR;(GLP) Approche une santé pour réduire dans les Caraïbes les risques sanitaires// ;;(EU) INTERREG// * Collectivites auteurs : Caribbean One Health community of practice - TTO//International audienceForty-four experts in animal, plant, environmental and human health and in social sciences, formed a Caribbean community of practice and formulated an aspirational One Health future for the region, the obstacles and solutions to necessary changes to achieve that future
Unravelling cocoa drying technology: A comprehensive review of the influence on flavor formation and quality
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614099/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): 1001451;;(COL) Valorising cocoa in Arauca using post-harvesting technologies//International audienceCocoa quality serves as a differentiating factor that provides monetary and non-monetary benefits to farmers, defined by the genotype, agroecological conditions of cultivation, and the post-harvest processes involved in transforming seeds into cocoa beans, including harvesting, pre-conditioning, fermentation, and drying. Drying plays a crucial role in ensuring the sensory, chemical, and microbiological quality of the beans, as simultaneous mass and heat transfer phenomena occur during this process, along with chemical reactions (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) that influence the concentration and dynamics of phenolic compounds, organic acids, methylxanthines, and the formation of volatiles, directly impacting flavor development in cocoa beans. This paper comprehensively reviews cocoa drying methods, variables, and equipment and analyzes their impact on these flavor-determining compounds. The findings highlight that drying significantly contributes to the production of differentiated and specialty quality traits. An integral relationship between the methods, operating variables, and drying equipment applied to cocoa and their implications for the volatile and non-volatile compounds is described