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Introduction : Renaissance Humanism and the Venetian Empire
No full textInternational audienceThe articles gathered in this special issue explore the connection between two major historical phenomena of the fifteenth century: the tremendous diffusion of the humanist movement and the triumphal expansion of the Venetian empire in the Eastern Mediterranean and northern Italy. By focusing on the interactions between the political, social and intellectual conjunctures and by adopting a large‐scale perspective at the culturally diverse territories under Venetian rule, the special issue approaches the Venetian state as an interconnected space of scholarly exchange defined by a common but polymorphous political culture. This introduction places the special issue in the context of new approaches in the historiography on Renaissance humanism and the early modern Venetian state. It advances an understanding of Venetian humanism as an imperial phenomenon and highlights the seminal role it played in the establishment of the Venetian political order in the fifteenth century and its influence well into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Novel brominated flame retardants relevant for European aquatic environments: ranking of analytes to monitor and focus on the French Eastern Mediterranean coastline
No full textInternational audienceAround a hundred of novel brominated flame retardants are currently being used to replace those regulated in the 2000s. However, data about their production, usage, and toxicity is still scarce, as well as their levels of contamination in the Mediterranean Sea and the subsequent risk. Our goal was to select the relevant novel brominated flame retardants to monitor and to apply it along the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. We proposed a ranking for novel brominated flame retardants based on their production or import, occurrence, and ecotoxicology, yielding to a selection of 21 priority molecules. From this list, 16 compounds were analyzed in ten coastal suspended matter samples, together with six related chemicals. To assess their occurrence in comparison to better documented flame retardants, eight legacy polybromodiphenyl ethers, seven polychlorobiphenyls, and short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins were also targeted. Novel brominated flame retardants and polychlorobiphenyls were detected in all the samples. Polybromodiphenyl ethers and chlorinated paraffins were detected in nine and seven samples, respectively. Out of the 22 novel brominated flame retardants analyzed, nine were detected, with total concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 18.5 ng.g−1 d.w., which was often higher than that of polybromodiphenyl ethers. A high risk for 2,4,6‑tribromophenol and PCB 118 was assessed in two and six samples, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first priority ranking and screening of most of the novel brominated flame retardants selected in the French Mediterranean Sea
Valorization of hawthorn seed waste through solid phase extraction of antibiotics from water samples
No full textInternational audienceRemoving pollutants from contaminated water is crucial for maintaining a disease-free and healthy society. The potential of a novel, cost-effective hydrochar was explored for extracting antibiotics from aqueous environments. The study employed both experimental and theoretical approaches. Agricultural waste, specifically hawthorn seeds hydrochar was prepared via hydrothermal carbonization and was characterized using IR and SEM-EDX analyses. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) of metronidazole and levofloxacin was investigated, followed by their determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An experimental design optimized the SPE process, focusing on sample volume, elution volume, and type of elution solvent to enhance antibiotic extraction efficiency. The optimal conditions of SPE extraction included 50 mL of sample solution, and 5 mL of methanol as the elution solvent type. The best separation was achieved with isocratic elution utilizing a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water (pH = 4) with 0.4% triethylamine 25:75 (V/V). The identification of antibiotics was carried out using diode array detection, with calculations performed for the linear range, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.13 to 0.2 μg.L -1 and from 0.62 to 0.87 μg.L -1 , respectively. Using actual water samples, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the optimized solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. The recoveries were exceeded 96%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 9.5%, demonstrating the minimal interference from the sample matrix and confirming the robustness of the method. Additionally, a computational study for the investigation of the sorption mechanism, interaction energies, and distances between the adsorbent and adsorbate was done. KeywordsSolid phase extraction (SPE) • Mixed matrix design experimental • Hawthorn seeds hydrochar • Antibiotics • HPLC-UV • Surface water • DFT calculation * Latifa Latrous</div
Effets de la variété et du lieu de culture sur la composition nutritionnelle de graines de niébé du Burkina Faso
No full textCe volume fait suite aux Rencontres Francophone Légumineuses (RFL) de mars 2024 organisées par le Cirad, INRAE, Terres Inovia et Terres Univia, et co-organisé par l'Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA). Ce rendez-vous unique entre tous les acteurs du développement, des filières et de la recherche sur les légumineuses à graines et fourragères. L’occasion de croiser les regards, partager les connaissances et accélérer l’innovation autour des légumineuses.Les RFLs s’intéressent aux légumineuses à graines, fourragères ou ligneuses, et visent à couvrir la diversité des systèmes de production, ainsi que la diversité des usages : alimentation humaine, animale et non-alimentaire.Les légumineuses sont un levier majeur pour relever les défis mondiaux du changement climatique et de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle. Partout dans le monde, elles disposent d’un rôle stratégique : atouts nutritionnels, souveraineté protéique et alimentaire. Les nombreuses espèces de légumineuses constituent également un formidable vivier d’innovations alimentaires.National audienceCowpea is a legume rich in protein, B vitamins and minerals (magnesium, zinc), but also in antinutritionalfactors such as α-galactosides and phytic acid. The nutritional composition of cowpea seeds is thereforea criterion that can be taken into account to improve varietal selection.The nutritional composition of 13 varieties of cowpea cultivated in Burkina Faso was characterised inorder to suggest varietal selection criteria based on nutritional potential. Nine varieties were cultivated inTenkodogo (T), 10 in Kamboinsé (K), and 6 in the two localities. Protein contents were determined by theKjeldahl method, the mineral contents by ICP-OES, thiamin contents by UHPLC-FLR, phytic acid contentsby HPAEC-CD and the α-galactosides and low-molecular-weight oses contents were quantified byHPAEC-PAD. Variance analysis allowed to evaluate the varietal effect from the results obtained by locality(nT=9, and nK= 10), and the crop site effect (plot) from varieties cultivated in the two localities.The protein contents of the samples studied vary between 19,9 and 26,2 g/100 g DM depending on thevariety. The phytate contents are higher on the Kamboinsé plot (with results ranging from 0,70 to 1,17 gIP6/100 g DM) than those of the Tenkodogo plot (0,42 to 0,80 g IP6/100 g DM). Thiamin equivalentcontents, ranging from 0,34 to 0,73 mg/100 g DM, showed a significant variety and plot effect. The mainforms of thiamin (di-phosphate and hydrochloride thiamins) are in variable proportions depending on thevariety and the plot. Iron and zinc contents are affected by the variety and vary between 3,70 to 5,92mg/100 g DM and from 3,30 to 5,14 mg/100 g DM. The total α-galactoside contents, which are between3,27 and 6,09 g/100 g DM, and the saccharose contents ranging from 1,29 to 5,80 g/100 g DM wereinfluenced by the variety effect. All of these components are influenced by the interaction between varietyand plot.These results of nutritional composition should be related to practices to identify processes decreasingantinutritional factors (α-galactosides, phytic acid) while taking account consumers preferences. Phyate,iron, zinc, thiamin, α-galactoside contents could constitute additional criteria in varietal selection ofcowpea, in Burkina Faso.Le niébé est une légumineuse riche en protéines, vitamines B et minéraux (magnésium, zinc), mais aussi en facteurs indésirables comme les α-galactosides et les phytates. La composition nutritionnelle des graines de niébé est un critère pouvant donc être intégré dans les programmes de sélection variétale.La composition nutritionnelle de 13 variétés de niébé cultivées au Burkina Faso a été caractérisée afin de proposer des critères de sélection variétale basés sur leur potentiel nutritionnel. Neuf variétés étaient cultivées à Tenkodogo (T), 10 à Kamboinsé (K), et 6 dans les deux localités. Les teneurs en protéines ont été déterminées par la méthode de Kjeldahl, en minéraux par ICP-OES, en vitamine B1 par UHPLC-FLR, en phytate par HPAEC-CD et en α-galactosides et oses de faibles poids moléculaires par HPAEC-PAD. Des analyses de variance ont permis d'évaluer les effets de la variété à partir des résultats par localité, et du lieu de culture, des variétés et de l'interaction variété-localité à partir des variétés communes aux deux localités.Les teneurs en protéines des échantillons analysés varient significativement, selon la variété de 19,9 à 26,2 g/100g MS. Les teneurs en phytate sont plus élevées à Kamboinsé (teneurs allant de 0,70 à 1,17 g IP6/100g MS) qu'à Tenkodogo (0,42 à 0,80 g IP6/100g MS). Les teneurs de vitamine B1 exprimées en équivalent-thiamine, allant de 0,34 à 0,73 mg/100 g MS, montrent des effets significatifs de la variété et de la localité. Les formes majoritaires de thiamine (la thiamine di-phosphate et hydrochloride) sont en proportions variables selon la variété et la localité. Les teneurs en fer et zinc sont influencées par la variété varient de 3,70 à 5,92 mg/100 g MS et de 3,30 à 5,14 mg/100 g MS pour le fer et le zinc respectivement. Les teneurs en alpha-galactosides totaux comprises entre 3,27 et 6,09 g/100 g MS, et les teneurs en saccharose allant de 1,29 à 5,80 g/100g MS, sont influencées par l'effet variété. Tout ces composés sont en revanche influencés par l'interaction variété-parcelle.Ces données de composition sont à relier aux usages afin d'identifier les procédés de transformation réduisant les teneurs en facteurs antinutritionnels (α-galactosides, phytates) tout en tenant compte des préférences des consommateurs. Les teneurs en phytate, fer, zinc, thiamine et α-galactosides pourraient constituer des critères supplémentaires pour la sélection variétale du niébé, et pourraient être étudié de manière plus approfondie en lien avec les facteurs liés au milieu de culture</p
Global stability of perturbed chemostat systems
No full textInternational audienceThis paper is devoted to the analysis of global stability of the chemostat system with a perturbation term representing any type of exchange between species. This conversion term depends on species and substrate concentrations but also on a positive perturbation parameter. After having written the invariant manifold as a union of a family of compact subsets, our main result states that for each subset in this family, there is a positive threshold for the perturbation parameter below which, the system is globally asymptotically stable in the corresponding subset. Our approach relies on the Malkin-Gorshin Theorem and on a Theorem by Smith and Waltman about perturbations of a globally stable steady state. Properties of steady-states and numerical simulations of the system's asymptotic behavior complete this study for two types of perturbation term between species
The missing link: Building open bridges between infrastructures to liaise data and publications
No full textInternational audienceIn Social Science and Humanities (SSH) publications, one finds diverse approaches to data citation. Although recommendations for citing data are available (e.g. from the SSHOC project[1]), data citations in publications are often limited to a simple textual reference, a Persistent IDentifier or a combination of both, which can sometimes be difficult to identify and interpret.This is one of the key challenges the COMMONS project aims to address: in other words, building reliable and documented links between data and publications to improve their accessibility and thus lay the foundations for developing new types of integrated publications. This project involves three complementary French national infrastructures, Huma-Num[2] (for Data), OpenEdition[3] (for Publications) and Metopes[4] (for the Publishing Process). The project has received 30 M€ funding spread over 8 years.Beyond the simple citation of a dataset in a publication - which ensures better attribution and potential reuse - other emerging needs include the ability to preview the dataset in the publication itself, in particular images and tabular data or more complex data such as 3D objects which are becoming increasingly common in SSH research. Another identified need within the communities is the creation of data papers, which will obviously benefit from the work of the COMMONS project.From a different perspective, it is also essential to measure the reuse of a dataset, or at least its citations, to give proper credit to its creators and allow for its assessment. This point is in line with the concerns of infrastructures, which must be able to prove their usefulness to their funders by providing adequate metrics and thus measuring their impact.To address these needs, the COMMONS project develops a step-by-step approach which extends from the infrastructure level to the creation of enhanced publications. The first step is to build reliable links between data and publications by creating metadata stored by infrastructures associated respectively with publications and datasets adhering to existing standards. Once this has been done, it remains to implement that link in the infrastructures by specifying the requirements to develop specific components, in particular to enable communication between services distributed over infrastructures.One of the main challenges is to make these gateways user-friendly for both producers (researchers, engineers, editors) and end-users (researchers, students, companies, public authorities, media, and society at large).With reliable linking information and a synchronized update procedure across different services, both data and publications can then be published using appropriate standards, such as SCHOLIX[5]. A key aspect is to make this 0information "machine actionable", so that it can potentially be exploited by tools such as ScholeXplorer[6] that use these standardsAt this stage, the focus shifts to potential use cases and end products based on the links between data and publications. This phase aligns with evolving community needs and requires coordination within the COMMONS project or other projects led by external partners. For instance, if there is a need to view a dataset directly within a publication, standardized information about the data type is necessary, for instance by using the PRONOM[7] registry which provides more accurate information on how to deal with data. Finally, the whole system is constantly adapted to users’ needs, using feedback from the training courses done and from their day-to-day use of the tools.The project is now in its 3rd year, and significant advances have been made, from the technical implementation of the link between data and publications using standards, to the assessment of practices and needs related to these connections. For example, to structure publications and embed metadata, COMMONS developed a specific schema of the XML-TEI standard, TEI-Commons-publishing[8]. Via Circé[9], an open source application, files structured with this schema can be converted into other XML schemas commonly used for scholarly publications: TEI XML and JATS XML.This poster will outline these points and provide an update on the progress made so far in the project, the lessons learned, and the actions still to be taken. We now have a solid understanding of what is needed to effectively link data and publications, as well as the challenges that remain. The next step will be to develop effective use cases and train users on how to engage with these new scientific objects.[1] https://zenodo.org/records/5361718 [2] https://huma-num.fr & https://documentation.huma-num.fr/humanum-en/ [3] https://www.openedition.org [4] https://www.metopes.fr [5] http://www.scholix.org[6] https://scholexplorer.openaire.eu [7] https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/478[8] https://git.unicaen.fr/fnso/i-fair-ir/tei-commons-publishing [9] https://metopes.unicaen.fr/circeui/ BibliographyMcGillivray B, Marongiu P, Pedrazzini N, Ribary M, Wigdorowitz M, Zordan. (2022). E. Deep Impact: A Study on the Impact of Data Papers and Datasets in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Publications. 10(4):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications10040039 Burton, Adrian, & Koers, Hylke. (2016). ICSU-WDS & RDA Publishing Data Services WG Interoperability Framework Recommendations (1.0). https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00002 Edmond, J. (Ed.). (2020). Digital Technology and the Practices of Humanities Research. Open Book Publishers. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0192 Gassama, M., Szabo, D., Tang, C., & Bravo, S. (2024). Analyse de l’enquête sur les pratiques des scientifiques en matière de publication de data paper [Report, INRAE]. https://doi.org/10.17180/vrh7-r606Harper, L. M. (2023). Data reuse among digital humanities scholars : A qualitative study of practices, challenges and opportunities [Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa]. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/45445 Arnold, T., Scagliola, S., Tilton, L., & Gorp, J. V. (2021). Introduction : Special issue on audiovisual data in dh. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 15(1). https://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/15/1/000541/000541.html Balck, S., Frank, I., Beyer-Thoma, H., & Ananieva, A. (2023). Interlinking text and data with semantic annotation and ontology design patterns to analyse historical travelogues. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 17(3). https://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/17/3/000726/000726.html Kinnaman, A., & Guimont, C. (2023). Dh as data : Establishing greater access through sustainability. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 17(3). https://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/17/3/000715/000715.htm
Atlas des agricultures du monde et des systèmes alimentaires face au changement climatique
No full textInternational audienc
Les migrations en revue·s : lectorats, IA et transmissions
No full textInternational audienceCette table ronde s’inscrit dans une réflexion interdisciplinaire sur les transformations des revues en tant qu’espaces de production, de transmission et de diffusion des savoirs. Elle réunira des chercheurs et chercheuses, éditeurs et éditrices, ainsi que des acteurs et actrices du monde numérique autour des mutations et des transformations induites par les technologies contemporaines, en particulier l’intelligence artificielle, les pratiques éditoriales, les modes de diffusion et de transmission. Quel est le rôle des revues face aux transformations de l’accès aux savoirs ? Comment maintenir une information de qualité face aux risques de désinformation des faits migratoires ? À travers une approche croisée entre histoire de l’édition, humanités numériques et enjeux de diffusion des savoirs, la discussion interrogera les changements de support des revues (papier, numérique) et leurs effets sur les lectorats (académiques, professionnels, grand public). Il s’agira aussi de penser les implications épistémologiques, politiques et éthiques de ces mutations, dans une perspective critique attentive aux continuités historiques autant qu’aux ruptures contemporaines. Enfin, cette table ronde s’intéressera aux manières dont les revues changent de supports entre communautés de lectorats et entre régimes de visibilité (humain vs algorithmique)