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35713 research outputs found
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Dessine-moi la mer
No full textLe dessin peut être utilisé pour identifier et comprendre les savoirs écologiques des enfants, mais aussi leurs représentations et émotions, et comme support de dialogue entre sciences et sociétés
Lever le voile sur les coulisses de l'action publique : démystifier le métier d'élu·e par la sociologie
No full textInternational audienc
L’inclusion scolaire depuis la perspective des élèves sourds et de leurs parents, approche sociologique
No full textInternational audienceCette communication aborde l’inclusion scolaire et ses limites, du point de vue des enfants sourds et de leurs parents. Vingt familles ayant vingt-cinq enfants sourds (dont vingt-quatre en âge scolaire) ont participé à cette recherche. La scolarité des enfants – au moment de la dernière rencontre pour ceux qui ont changé de mode de la scolarité lors de leur parcours – se déroulait en milieu ordinaire en inclusion individuelle (16) ou collective (3), ou en milieu médico-social (5). La communication interroge la manière dont l’enfant sourd prend place en tant qu’élève en milieu ordinaire, à travers ce qui peut être analysé comme un « travail de normalisation ». D’une part, elle met en évidence les différentes dynamiques de ce travail, qui soutiennent l’inclusion des élèves sourds et façonnent leurs expériences scolaires : depuis les variations et les ajustements des pratiques – sans remise en cause de leur fondement audiocentrique –, jusqu’à leur redéfinition, en passant par l’effort individuel de « normification » (Goffman 1975) fourni par les élèves. D’autre part, elle interroge les mécanismes de répartition de ce travail de normalisation entre les différents acteurs – enfants, familles, professionnels, mais aussi dispositifs techniques et institutionnels. Cette analyse permet de mieux comprendre les inégalités dans l’expérience de l’inclusion et d’identifier les conditions susceptibles de favoriser une répartition plus équilibrée de ce travail
Landraces and climate change: global trends through the lens of political agroecology
No full textInternational audienceDrawing on a global literature review describing and characterizing the use of landraces by Indigenous and Local Communities (IPLC) in the context of climate change, we found that economic factors seem more important than climate change in explaining the worldwide decline in landraces. We identified that structural agricultural policies lead to farmers’ dependence on markets and new technologies, causing the erosion of landrace diversity and an overall disregard for Indigenous and local knowledge. However, we identified a resistance movement that aims to transform relationships within the seed system to favor landrace conservation. We conclude that the maintenance of landrace diversity cannot be achieved without giving back the decision-power in agroecosystems to farmers instead of capital
Improvement of the KarstMod modelling platform for a better assessment of karst groundwater resources
No full text(IF 5.7;Q2)International audienceHydrological models are fundamental tools for the characterization and management of karst systems. We propose an updated version of KarstMod, software dedicated to lumped-parameter rainfall-discharge modelling of karst aquifers. KarstMod provides a modular, user-friendly modelling environment for educational, research, and operational purposes. It also includes numerical tools for time series analysis, model evaluation, and sensitivity analysis. The modularity of the platform facilitates common operations related to lumped-parameter rainfall-discharge modelling, such as (i) setup and parameter estimation of a relevant model structure and (ii) evaluation of internal consistency, parameter sensitivity, and hydrograph characteristics. The updated version now includes (i) external routines to better consider the input data and their related uncertainties, i.e. evapotranspiration and solid precipitation; (ii) enlargement of multi-objective calibration possibilities, allowing more flexibility in terms of objective functions and observation type; and (iii) additional tools for model performance evaluation, including further performance criteria and tools for model error representation
Territorial solar baking potential: A socio-technical analysis for planning the sustainable energy transition of the bakery world
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, for energy reasons bread consumption appears unsustainable in the long-term. Direct solar baking can be part of the solution, but tools allowing for the estimation of the social-technical potential of solar baking at the territorial scale are lacking. In this article a socio-technical solar bakery's workflow model and two socio-economic indicators were developed. Then, these numeric tools were used in the frame of a full solar production and soft mobility scenario in a small tropical island (Réunion, France). Results show that in the best sites solar baking can be performed at least once a week with a production up to 16 tons/year and ≈ 32,000 tCO 2 emissions per year could be saved.</div
Arctic sea-ice loss drives a strong regional atmospheric response over the North Pacific and North Atlantic on decadal scales
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies have suggested that Arctic sea-ice loss can have a profound influence on atmospheric circulation far away from the Arctic. However, there is little scientific consensus on the features of these remote responses, with the opposite impacts reported. Here we present a multi-model analysis of the decadal climate response to Arctic sea-ice loss using state-of-the-art energy conserving methodologies to isolate the impacts of sea-ice decline. We observe weakening of the Aleutian Low and development of a geopotential ridge in the North Pacific, associated with drier winter conditions over the southwest United States. Over the Atlantic, a negative NAO-like response drives wetter winter conditions across the western Mediterranean. These decadal-scale impacts substantially differ from reported centennial-scale responses to Arctic sea-ice loss simulated using non-energy conserving methodologies. Factors such as the timescale of the response and methodologies used to isolate the impacts of disappearing sea-ice cover should be carefully considered when consolidating scientific understanding on the future impacts of changing Arctic
