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L’avenir de l’aide à la protection de l’environnement en Haïti face à l’arrivée de Donald Trump au pouvoir
No full texthttps://haiticlimat.org/lavenir-de-laide-a-la-protection-de-lenvironnement-en-haiti-face-a-larrivee-de-donald-trump-au-pouvoir/This article explores the repercussions of U.S. environmental policy on Haiti, a country already severely affected by ecological degradation and the impacts of climate change. While the disengagement of the United States raises legitimate concerns, it also presents an opportunity to rethink our priorities, diversify our partnerships, and strengthen local initiatives for a more sustainable future.Cet article explore les répercussions de la politique environnementale américaine sur Haïti, un pays déjà durement touché par la dégradation écologique et les effets du changement climatique. Si le désengagement des États-Unis suscite des préoccupations légitimes, il ouvre aussi une porte pour repenser nos priorités, diversifier nos partenariats et renforcer nos initiatives locales pour un avenir plus durable
Le fevre de Creeil - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 837
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes du Fevre de Creeil d'après le ms. BnF fr. 83
L'escuiruel - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 837
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes de L'escuiruel d'après le ms. BnF fr. 83
La dame escoillee - Édition et notes d'après le ms. Arsenal 3114
No full textÉdition et notes de La dame escoillee d'après le ms. Arsenal 311
La plaine bourse de sens - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le ms. BnF fr. 837
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes de La plaine bourse de sens d'après le ms. BnF fr. 83
La plaine bourse de sens - Édition et notes d'après le ms. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek und Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Hamilton 257
No full textÉdition et notes de La plaine bourse de sens d'après le ms. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek und Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Hamilton 25
The Fashioning of the Humanist Governor at the Dawn of a New Political and Cultural Era: Francesco Barbaro as Podestà of Venetian Vicenza
No full textInternational audienceThe patrician Francesco Barbaro (1390-1454) is well known for having been both a first-class humanist and a figurehead of the Venetian government in the new territories of the Stato da Terra. This article explores the pioneering use of humanist culture in the official praises he received during his political career, which helped shape a consensual ideology of the Venetian power as a Roman-like republican empire. The article highlights Barbaro’s tenure in Vicenza in 1425-1426 as a critical moment in this process, drawing attention to the three public panegyrics written during his stay: the two orations composed by Matteo Bissaro and the preamble to the new communal statutes written by Guarino Veronese. These texts show how, through the idealization of Barbaro’s figure, Neo-Ciceronian oratory became a common language for the local and patrician ruling classes and promoted an ethical pact, based on the reference to the ancients’ virtues
Anostracans muddy the water: Anostracans from North American lakes show unclear phylogenetic relationships between taxa, and distinctive dispersal patterns
No full textInternational audienceAnostracans muddy the water: Anostracans from North American lakes show unclear phylogenetic relationships between taxa, and distinctive dispersal patternsDispersal is essential for all organisms to enable colonization of new areas. Like many other aquatic invertebrates, Anostraca (Crustacea) disperse passively as dormant fertilized eggs. Here, we first study the genetic diversity of Branchinecta fairy shrimps (identified morphologically as B. readingi) inhabiting lakes in Saskatchewan and British Columbia, Canada. Secondly, we attempt to reconstruct the phylogeny and dispersal events that explain their genetic distribution. Finally, we compare genetic diversity and distribution of Branchinecta sp. and Artemia franciscana, the two anostracans inhabiting the Saskatchewan lakes but with different salinity niches. To this aim, we sequenced CO1 and 16S gene fragments of the Branchinecta individuals collected from eight Saskatchewan lakes. We found a relatively high number of haplotypes for both markers (79 in CO1 and 76 in 16S) in Branchinecta from Saskatchewan. Three genetic clades at the CO1 gene region were found in Saskatchewan Branchinecta, with one of these clades being widely recorded previously in the USA (but described as B. mackini). In contrast, 54 CO1 haplotypes were previously recorded in A. franciscana in Saskatchewan for which all CO1 sequences belonged to one genetic clade. This suggests that Branchinecta sequences might be originating from several distinct Ice Age refugia, contrary to A. franciscana which might be originating from a single refuge. High density of suitable habitats (>100,000 lakes in Saskatchewan), weak priority effects and frequent dispersal events could explain high genetic diversity found in the studied Branchinecta. However, we found no genetic support for a distinction between B. readingi and B. mackini.</div
Normalisation à base de règles: une stratégie efficiente pour l'extraction d'évènements fondée sur des LLMs
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we explore the integration of LLMs with symbolic processing for achievinghigh granularity event extraction. We will show that the weakness of LLMs in producingstructured information, often pointed out in the literature, can be overcomed by designing adomain tailored mapping function (hybridization). In order to support this claim, we comparethe results of an in-context learning method with our hybrid methodology and we show thatwe can achieve superior results (+6.3 %) on a new dataset of subject-predicate-object triplesin the medical domain (681 triples for 200 sentences). This result is achieved by leaving theLLM (Llama-3) free to generate the predicate types it is more familiar with, and then applyinga mapping function. Besides improving explainability and controllability of the output, theintervention of such a function (which was implemented in five days), causes about a halfreduction of GHG emissions produced when processing the corpus.Dans cet article, nous explorons l'intégration d'un traitement symbolique des sorties d'un LLM pour obtenir une extraction d'événements à haute granularité. Nous montrons que la faiblesse des LLM dans la production d'informations structurées, souvent soulignée dans la littérature, peut être surmontée en concevant une fonction d'appariement (hybridation) adaptée au domaine. Afin d'appuyer cette affirmation, nous comparons les résultats d'une méthode d'apprentissage en contexte avec notre approche hybride et nous montrons que cette dernière permet d'obtenir des résultats supérieurs (+6,3 %) sur un nouvel ensemble de données, de triplets sujet-prédicat-objet dans le domaine médical (681 triplets pour 200 phrases). Ce résultat est obtenu en laissant le LLM (Llama-3) libre de générer les types de prédicats avec lesquels il est le plus familier, et en appliquant a posteriori une fonction de normalisation. Outre l'amélioration de l'explicabilité et de la contrôlabilité de la sortie, l'intervention d'une telle fonction (qui a été mise en oeuvre en cinq jours) permet de réduire de moitié les émissions de gaz à effet de serre induites par le traitement du corpus.1. Large Language Models, en français : grands modèles de langue 2. « Un rapport détaillé du diagnostic, du traitement et du suivi d'un patient individuel. Les rapports de cas patient contiennent également des informations démographiques sur le patient (par exemple, l'âge, le sexe, l'origine ethnique). » Définition du NIH.</div
From lake to bog: A 15 kyr record of interplay between landscape changes and mercury accumulation (Réserve Naturelle du Luitel, 1250 m a. s. l., western Alps)
No full textInternational audienceLakes and peatlands are valuable archives for reconstructing past environmental dynamics. Multiproxy studies strive to unravel the complexity of interactions between factors influencing the past evolution of landscapes, including ecosystem dynamics, geomorphological trajectories, palaeoclimatic variability and past human activities. This study presents a unique 15,000-year multiproxy record detailing the transition of an alpine landscape from a lacustrine environment to a peatland ecosystem. The combination of high-resolution pollen analysis, inorganic trace elements measurements, and organic matter (OM) characterization by FTIR-ATR enables the connection of vegetation dynamics over time with its role in regulating soil (in)organic matter fluxes, including elements such as mercury (Hg). The results indicate that wet and warm climate episodes, such as the mid Holocene climate optimum, significantly enhance mercury uptake by vegetation and lake primary producers. This process is followed by Hg accumulation in the lacustrine environment, closely associated with fresh organic matter. In contrast, during cold and arid climatic periods, such as the Late Glacial, Hg uptake decreases in both the catchment and lake ecosystems. This reduction, coupled with dilution by minerogenic inputs, leads to lower Hg accumulation in the lake. Throughout the Holocene, the lake gradually transitions into a peatland. From the early to mid-Holocene, Hg accumulation is driven by a combination of lacustrine biological pumping, foliar uptake, and atmospheric deposition. Around ca 4500 cal a BP, the disappearance of catchment contribution to the archive drastically changes the interpretation of the mercury signal, which becomes primarily driven by the uptake of atmospheric Hg by bog vegetation. Mercury accumulation is therefore mainly controlled by changes in Hg deposition or reemissions, lake and peat development and OM humification. Finally, during the Late Holocene, local forest ecosystems decline, as pasturelands develop in the area. The natural Hg signal is also partially obscured by the effects of regional mining activitie