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Avignon, Jardin du Rocher des Doms : restitution de l’enquête des belvédères
No full textInternational audienc
Les dispositifs d’aide préventifs : quels apports pour l’éducation inclusive ?
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this contribution is to show how preventive measures can contribute to the educational accessibility of students by facilitating access to school learning, and in particular to mathematical learning.L'objectif de cette contribution est de montrer de quelle manière les dispositifs préventifs peuvent contribuer à l'accessibilité didactique des élèves en facilitant l'accès aux apprentissages scolaires et notamment aux apprentissages mathématiques
Incentivizing Electric Vehicle Charging Flexibility for Demand Response via Price Menu Approach
No full textInternational audienceThis study considers a Charging Station Operator (CSO) that participates in Demand Response (DR) services and, in return, receives remuneration from the Electric Vehicle Aggregator (EVA). To participate in DR, the CSO requires flexibility from Electric Vehicle (EV) users, which typically concerns charging deadlines or energy demands. In this model, EV users are flexible with their charging deadlines but have fixed energy demands. To incentivize this flexibility, the CSO offers EV users a menu of charging options, where each option specifies a charging deadline and its corresponding charging price. The price menu design problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming problem, where the CSO aims to maximize its profit and the user selects the option from the menu that maximizes its utility. The numerical results provide valuable insights into the optimal price menu design and the ideal remuneration from the EVA to the CSO
Dimension-free estimators of gradients of functions with(out) non-independent variables
No full textThis study proposes a unied stochastic framework for approximating and computing the gradient of every smooth function evaluated at non-independent variables, using ℓ p -spherical distributions on R d with d, p ≥ 1. The upper-bounds of the bias of the gradient surrogates do not suer from the curse of dimensionality for any p ≥ 1. Also, the mean squared errors (MSEs) of the gradient estimators are bounded byand by K 1 N -1 d 2/p when 2 ≤ p ≪ d with N the sample size and K 0 , K 1 some constants. Taking max {2, log(d)} < p ≪ d allows for achieving dimension-free upper-bounds of MSEs. In the case where d ≪ p < +∞, the upper-bound K 2 N -1 d 2-2/p /(d + 2) 2 is reached with K 2 a constant. Such results lead to dimension-free MSEs of the proposed estimators, which boil down to estimators of the traditional gradient when the variables are independent. Numerical comparisons show the eciency of the proposed approach.</div
Hydrogeological forecasting of deep-seated landslides dynamics: structure and sensitivity of tank models
No full textInternational audienceDeep-seated landslides are affected by slow and progressive deformation with successive acceleration/deceleration periods controlled by hydro-meteorological factors and slope structures. Simulating groundwater pressures in deep-seated landslides is critical to understanding their mechanisms, forecasting their evolution in time, and estimating landslide hazards. Validating complex deterministic physically based models for deep-seated landslides is challenging in terms of multi-parameter observations and the identification of the physical properties of the media. Using simpler empirical tank models, allowing the simulation of water mass balance and fluxes, is an alternative to simulating their behavior. Tank models must conceptualize the main water reservoirs and use a long history of monitoring observations (rainfall-groundwater levels) to train the model parameters. This study aims at modelling the hydrological dynamics of two deep-seated landslides in fractured rocks (S & eacute;chilienne, Mont de La Saxe) with the KarstMod open-source library. Analyzing 6 to 9 years of monitoring data allows for the models' calibration and validation. Two model structures are identified: the S & eacute;chilienne landslide's model, which consists of two tanks and a direct flux to the outlet representing a bimodal flow, and the Mont de La Saxe landslide's model, which integrates a snow routine and consists of two and a flux feeding a reservoir, representing unimodal flow. The models are validated over 3 and 2 years, respectively. They allow the prediction of the discharge and groundwater levels over time, reproducing the slope hydrology in the past before the setup of the monitoring system, thus providing insights into identifying hydrological thresholds controlling landslide motion
BASIC-Evolution : Une filière AERIS générant les profils verticaux aérosol par combinaison de données lidar, photométriques et in situ
No full textNational audienceBASIC-Evolution est une filière centralisée et innovante dédiée au traitement automatisé des données lidar et photométriques des réseaux de Météo-France et du Service National d'Observation (SNO) PHOTONS/AERONET de l’infrastructure de recherche ACTRIS. Hébergée au sein du Centre AERIS/ICARE, elle s'appuie sur une chaine de traitement avancée garantissant une exploitation homogène, fiable et rapide des données, permettant de caractériser les propriétés des aérosols, notamment les profils d'extinction et les concentrations en particules par couplage entre profils lidar de rétrodiffusion élastique atmosphérique et mesures colonnes photométriques (AOD, distribution en taille). BASIC-Evolution s’applique aux données issues d’une grande diversité de lidars (lidar Raman, micro-lidar, célomètre) d’intérêt national
Ontology Semantic Disambiguation by LLM
No full textInternational audienceWithin the BPP project, a combination of statistics and word n-gram extraction enabled the creation of a bilingual (French/English) ontology in the field of e-recruitment. The produced dataset was of good quality, but it still contained errors. In this paper, we present an approach that explores the use of large language models (LLMs) to automate the validation and enrichment of ontologies and knowledge graphs. Starting with a naive prompt and using small language models (SLMs), we tested various approaches, including zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, and self-consistency (SC) decoding. The preliminary results are encouraging, demonstrating the ability of LLMs to make complex distinctions and to evaluate the relationshipsderived from our ontology finel
Trajetórias e experiências de alunos surdos no setor médico-social na França de hoje: (a)normalização em questão
No full textInternational audienceWithin current policies promoting school inclusion, a growing number of students with disabilities in France are educated in mainstream settings. However, some deaf students remain outside mainstream education and are educated in specialised settings, known in France as medico-social settings. This article draws on qualitative data from a doctoral thesis in sociology to analyse the situation of deaf students from a dual perspective. From the professionals’ point of view, these children face academic, social, and linguistic difficulties, attributed to their trajectories and/or family configuration. From the perspective of families, the pathways leading to schooling in specialised settings are understood as the interweaving of family, educational, and care trajectories, within which processes of anormalisation unfold: children are disqualified as pupils and as language users in light of dominant academic and linguistic norms. Schooling in the medico-social sector appears as a response to this disqualification, providing an environment that supports the production of normality. The study thus highlights the limitations of inclusive schooling and society, which continue to be largely grounded in alignment with pre-established dominant norms.En el marco de las políticas de inclusión escolar, un número cada vez mayor de alumnos con discapacidad en Francia se escolarizan en centros ordinarios. Sin embargo, una parte de los alumnos sordos permanece en centros médico-sociales. Este artículo se basa en datos cualitativos procedentes de una investigación doctoral en sociología para analizar su situación desde una doble perspectiva. Desde el punto de vista de los profesionales, estos niños tienen dificultades escolares, sociales y lingüísticas, atribuidas a su trayectoria y/o a su configuración familiar. Desde la perspectiva de las familias, las trayectorias que conducen a la escolarización en centros especializados se consideran como una imbricación de las trayectorias familiares, escolares y de atención, en las que se desarrollan procesos de anormalización: los niños son descalificados como alumnos y seres lingüísticos según las normas escolares y lingüísticas dominantes. La escolarización en un entorno médico-social aparece entonces como una respuesta a esta descalificación, al ofrecer un marco que favorece la producción de normalidad. Este estudio pone así de manifiesto los límites de la escuela y la sociedad inclusiva, que siguen basándose en gran medida en la alineación con las normas dominantes preestablecidas.Dans le cadre des politiques d’inclusion scolaire, un nombre croissant d’élèves en situation de handicap en France est scolarisé en milieu ordinaire. Une partie des élèves sourds reste cependant en milieu médico-social. Cet article s’appuie sur des données qualitatives issues d’une recherche doctorale en sociologie pour analyser leur situation selon une double perspective. Du point de vue des professionnels, ces enfants rencontrent des difficultés scolaires, sociales et langagières, attribuées à leur parcours et/ou à leur configuration familiale. Depuis la perspective des familles, les parcours qui mènent à la scolarité en milieu spécialisé sont envisagés comme l’imbrication des trajectoires familiales, scolaires et de prise en charge, où se déploient des processus d’anormalisation : les enfants sont disqualifiés en tant qu’élèves et êtres de langage au regard des normes scolaires et langagières dominantes. La scolarisation en milieu médico-social apparaît alors comme une réponse à cette disqualification, en offrant un cadre qui favorise la production de normalité. Cette étude met ainsi en lumière les limites de l’école et de la société inclusives, encore largement fondées sur un alignement aux normes dominantes préétablies.No âmbito das políticas de inclusão escolar, um número crescente de alunos com deficiência na França é escolarizado no ensino regular. No entanto, parte dos alunos surdos permanece em meio médico-social. Este artigo baseia-se em dados qualitativos oriundos de uma pesquisa de doutorado em sociologia para analisar essa situação sob uma dupla perspectiva. Do ponto de vista dos profissionais, essas crianças enfrentam dificuldades escolares, sociais e linguísticas atribuídas à trajetória e/ou à configuração familiar. Do ponto de vista das famílias, as trajetórias que levam à escolarização em instituições especializadas são vistas como o entrelaçamento de trajetórias familiares, escolares e de atendimentos especializados, nas quais acontecem processos de anormalização: as crianças são desqualificadas como alunos e seres de linguagem em relação às normas escolares e linguísticas dominantes. A escolarização em meio médico-social surge então como uma resposta a essa desqualificação, oferecendo um ambiente que favorece a produção de normalidade. Este estudo destaca assim os limites da escola e da sociedade inclusiva, ainda amplamente baseadas em um alinhamento às normas dominantes preestabelecidas