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Les herbiers et la naissance d’un regard moderne sur la nature. Trois questions à Louise Couëffé
No full textBlog des chercheur·es du Centre Norbert Elia
Life history traits of Aporrectodea caliginosa in a 8-year laboratory experiment
No full textInternational audienceEarthworms are key soil organisms used as bioindicators of soil health and in population dynamics modeling approaches in soil ecology and ecotoxicology. However, very little is known about the effects of environmental conditions on their life history traits such as their life span, growth and reproductive capabilities on long terms. The aim of this study was to bring new data and knowledge on the effects of different conditions of food resource and earthworm density on life history traits (i.e., survival, growth, reproduction) of Aporrectodea caliginosa individuals during a 8-year laboratory experiment conducted in France. For that, a cohort of 20 hatchlings A. caliginosa were synchronized from a breeding culture, fed with normal food conditions or ad libitum (three times the normal food conditions) and monitored individually once a month. Once adults, they were kept isolated or pooled at different densities. Individual weight and cocoons were assessed every 14 days the first year and then once a month. We here highlighted that the lifespan of A. caliginosa can exceed 8 years under laboratory conditions. We also put evidence on a longer life span of individuals pooled with congeners among those kept isolated. An individual kept alone and fed ad libitum from its birth kept growing continuously, with individuals reaching 10 times the regular body mass known for A. caliginosa. Pooled earthworms stopped growing and allocate their energy to reproduction. Pooled or isolated, individual body mass of earthworms was found to be a precise proxy of the amount of organic matter in the soil. These data on earthworms’ biology and ecology can have implications in life cycle modelling and functional ecology
Population potential on catchment area (PPCA): A Python-based tool for worldwide geospatial population analysis
No full textInternational audienceThe Population Potential in Catchment Area (PPCA) protocol is a Python-based methodology designed to evaluate and analyze population distributions within specified pedestrian catchment areas globally. PPCA uti-lizes OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Global Human Settlement (GHS) data and employs Google Earth Engine for data acquisition and morphometric analysis. Through a series of four automated steps, the protocol cleans, processes, and classifies geospatial data, ultimately yielding refined population estimations within defined catchment re-gions. This protocol enables researchers and urban planners to assess the population that can be potentially accessed on foot using the street network, within given distances. The protocol allows this assessment globally with minimal input requirements, focusing mostly on bounding box coordinates
DEFORMATIONS FONDEES SUR L'INCOMPATIBILITE: VERS UN NOUVEAU MODELE D'ELASTOPLASTICITE EN PETITES DEFORMATIONS
No full textWe describe a novel formalism for elasto-plastic deformations based on the strain incompatibility, to model an elastic solid filled with dislocations, hence subject to plastic deformations, at the macroscopic scale and under a time-discrete quasi-static framework. The main kinematical descriptor is the strain tensor E, that we define from a mesoscopic analysis. The associated state equations, as derived from a virtual work approach, are second-gradient in E, because they explicitly incorporate the incompatibility inc E, and are linear. Due to the introduction of an internal variable θ and a dissipation potential, related to the motion of dislocations, the overall problem is variational and nonlinear. It is numerically solved by alternating minimization with respect to (E, θ). Numerical simulations are performed to assess both loading-unloading and evolutionary problems on some simple two-dimensional geometries. Elaborating on previous works by the authors, the present contribution is an in-depth description of an alternative approach to elasto-plastic deformations, grounded on firm mathematical basis, and consolidated by numerical results. By nature, this approach is multi-scale, therefore opening the way to a comprehensive study of strain incompatibility, dislocations and plasticity as a complex interaction of multiscale phenomena, of which hardening is only an archetypal example.</div
Exposer les momies égyptiennes : un nouveau rapport au corps et au sacré
No full textInternational audienceCet article du catalogue de l'exposition "Curieuses momies. Des Champollion au Synchrotron" (28 mars - 23 novembre 2025) expose les réflexions sur l'éthique de la présentation des momies égyptiennes, menées dans le cadre de la recherche doctorale de Laure Antunes et de la réalisation du commissariat de cette exposition
[Review] Walter Pohl, Rutger Kramer (éd.), Empires and Communities in the Post-Roman and Islamic World, c. 400-1000 CE, Oxford, Oxford University Press (Studies in Early Empires), 2021, 464 p. ISBN 978-01-9006-794-6 (£64).
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Le paludisme en Union des Comores de 1923 à 2023 : une approche géographique pour déterminer l’importance des facteurs environnementaux et sociaux dans son maintien
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