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Droit de l'eau et pluralisme juridique en Nouvelle-Calédonie
No full textInternational audienceThe legal framework of New Caledonia on water management is still highly incomplete and reveals the imperfections of an unsatisfying conception of legal pluralism. After describing the current legal framework of New Caledonia, this chapter, through an historical analysis of the place of Kanak people regarding water law and the resurgence of endogenous law (or customary law) analyses the new legal water framework proposed by the government
La re-médiation des collections à la BnF et au Mucem
No full textComment traduire en texte et en images figées la langue des signes, pratique éminemment incarnée et dynamique ? Quel effet la composition d’un « recueil factice » à partir de libelles volants a-t-elle sur leur réception et leur conservation ? Que se passe-t-il du dessin sur le papier d’un objet pour un jeu vidéo à son encodage numérique dans des formes les plus économes en espace disque ? Ces problématiques soulèvent la question des media du patrimoine et des opérations qui président à la remédiation de pratiques incorporées dans du papier, de fragments rassemblés en un tout, de dessins dans du code
Les outils de la géomatique pour l'étude des risques naturels. Contribution pour une base de données sur les cyclones à Mayotte.
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Digital NGD Design for FPGA-based Application
No full textInternational audienceNegative Group Delay (NGD) remains a little-known concept in embedded digital signal processing, and most electronic designers are unfamiliar with its design and analysis. This paper presents a clear, step-by-step theoretical framework and a practical methodology for implementing baseband NGD using a low-order finite impulse response (FIR) filter. All FIRbased NGD parameters and characteristics can be defined under specific conditions based solely on the desired NGD value and the sampling frequency. Our synthesis results confirm that the realized time-advance increases with normalized frequency. We validate the approach through simulation and then demonstrate a proof-of-concept FPGA implementation. In transient experiments using a 3 kHz Gaussian pulse, the NGD circuit produces an advance of approximately 13 µs relative to the input signal and the NGD execution time is about 2µs
Quantitative sequence stratigraphy applied to the Barremian–lower Aptian Urgonian carbonates deposited in Provence (southeastern France)
No full textInternational audienceSequence stratigraphy is an essential tool for interpreting and predicting carbonate sedimentary systems architecture. The study explores an advanced quantitative stratigraphy method, which offers a new perspective compared to traditional sequence stratigraphy. The method is based on the correlation of increasing or decreasing trends of apparent accommodation calculated across sedimentary sections within a basin, supplemented by a new criterion: the bathymetry-to-thickness ratio to constrain the correlation and to replicate the stratigraphic architectures. This method has been applied to the Barremian–lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Urgonian carbonate platform in Provence (southern France). Twelve major stratigraphic markers have been identified and correlated throughout the platform. Four major positive and negative apparent accommodation events were identified and correlated throughout the sedimentary profile, while eight minor events are locally highlighted. Major negative events were recognized specifically in outer-shelf domains and correlated with subaerially exposed units in shallower inner environments. Positive accommodation events are recorded in almost all locations of the carbonate sedimentary system. These findings provide a high-resolution, quantified stratigraphic framework, allowing us to assess the influence of tectonics and sea-level fluctuations on accommodation. This innovative approach offers robust tools to test scenarios of stratigraphic evolution and refine our understanding of carbonate platform dynamics
Environmental changes and risk of plague epidemics in Indonesia
No full textInternational audienceHistorical epidemiological data indicate that plague epidemics caused thousands of deaths in Indonesia between 1911 and 1956. During this period, silent phases of the disease were observed, followed by re-emergences several years or even decades later in certain regions. The Indonesian government, both at the regional and central levels (notably the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia), has undertaken decades of epidemic management efforts, including plague surveillance, medical treatments, vector control, and improvements in individual and environmental sanitation. There were a few sporadic outbreaks in 1968, 1987, and 2007. Since then, no further cases have occurred, but this could just be another silent phase. Methodology A literature search comprising articles and reports including published and unpublished dissertations, was performed using the PubMed online database, the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control, the Ministry of the Health Republic of Indonesia, Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, The Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Provincial Health Offices, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Medicus Index for the Southeast Asian Region (IMSEAR) and co.IMSEAR), and others. All literature referring to plague in Indonesia (1923–2019) was used as a reference for this article. The Global Land Cover 1992–2020 from the European Space Agency database was used to monitor land cover changes with a spatial resolution of 300 meters. The Esri Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer database, created by ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redland, California, USA) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was also used. This database shows global land cover change between 2017 and 2023, using only 2023 data. Seven land cover classes were identified: Water, Forest, Flooded fields, Fields, Urban, Bare ground, and Pasture. Findings Environmental changes, essentially land conversion, have occurred in regions where plague outbreaks were previously recorded, with the exception of Eastern Java. Land conversion, increased human population density, and the heightened risk of human–rodent interactions could contribute to a resurgence of plague epidemics in Indonesia. Vectors and rodent hosts of Yersina pestis are still present in all regions but one with a higher human population density and thus a higher risk of contact. In Eastern Java, the environment remained the same as when plague outbreaks previously occurred. Conclusions We conclude that the historical areas of plague outbreaks have a potential for silent periods of plague transmission which could last decades. Furthermore, land conversion and the development of human settlements in these regions have led to a higher human presence, thus potentially increasing the risk of contact and transmission. There is therefore today a risk of plague resurgence in Indonesia and the current plague-free period might just be a silent period. In order to prevent outbreaks of plague after a period of silence and to implement an early alert system of plague transmission from animals to humans via fleas, the monitoring of potential Y. pestis circulation in sylvatic areas also needs to be intensified
Une écriture longue en formation des futurs professeurs des écoles pour évaluer les traces artistiques en vue de leur réécriture
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Combined analysis of microfacies of continuous and instantaneous lake deposits to refine the seasonal signal of hydro-gravitational hazards in the southern Alps
No full textInternational audienceLamina-scale investigation of the continuous sedimentation – driven by lake productivity and diffuse runoff – are essential for producing near seasonal-scale records of local environmental changes, such as shifts in climate and land cover. Understanding the information contained in continuous sedimentation also allows for precise characterization of instantaneous sedimentation events by identifying the specific environmental conditions and timing in which they occur (Kämpf et al., 2015; Czymzik et al., 2010). To assess the long-term evolution of hydro-gravitational hazards, it is thus relevant to study instantaneous deposits in relation to continuous deposits to better understand the environmental context of sedimentary deposits.This study focuses on the 15-meters-long composite core LAU21 from Lake Lauzet (890 m a.s.l.), located in the lower Ubaye River valley, which is characterized by finely laminated continuous sedimentation and instantaneous deposits with variable particle-size grading and thickness. Here, we present results from two sediment sections covering the Mid-Holocene period (constrained by 14C dating), based on a multiscale and multiproxy approach combining lithological, granulometric, geochemical, geophysical, micrometric thin sections, and palynological analysis. Three facies characterize the finely laminated continuous sedimentation: a micrite facies, a diatom facies, and a filamentous algal facies. This succession is typical of varved sedimentary sequences in deep, perialpine lakes and may suggest the presence of a seasonal signal. Two types of grain-supported instantaneous layers are intercalated within the continuous sedimentation. These layers (thicknesses ranging from micrometer to centimeter) are interpreted as triggered by flood (i.e. coarse basal unit covered by a finning upward sequence), and debris flow and/or avalanche (i.e. non-graded clastic sequence rich in botanical remains). As an example, the thin section LAU21-S5-124-134 (2500 – 2000 cal. BP) is composed of a succession of 86 laminae of continuous deposits, intercalated with 14 instantaneous deposits, including 6 flood layers and 8 debris flow and/or avalanche layers. In the remainder of the study, it will be possible to distinguish debris flows from avalanches by analyzing grain size distribution, the geomorphological features of the source areas (slope, incision), and the load/discharge ratio. The analysis of seasonal hydrological variability will contribute to their interpretation
À la croisée des études médiévales et des humanités numériques : un parcours de recherche
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Pensée créative et livre d'artiste en formation de futurs professeurs des écoles français
No full textInternational audienceLes résultats de l'enquête PISA 2022 montrent que si la créativité des élèves français est dans la moyenne des pays de l'OCDE, elle est en revanche fortement conditionnée par le milieu socioéconomique. Cette communication explore la question du développement de la créativité à l'école, en particulier à travers la formation des futurs professeurs des écoles français via la création de livres d'artiste, croisant écriture créative et artistique et arts plastiques. Deux expérimentations menées en master MEEF montrent que si l'interdisciplinarité entre signes linguistiques et plastiques favorise la créativité, le type de cours (consignes vs questions) a un impact sur l'originalité et l'enrichissement du sens des productions