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Can Provence Flora Offer Effective Alternatives to Widely Used Medicinal Plants? A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition Using Molecular Networking
No full textInternational audienceThis study compares the antioxidant properties and phytochemical profiles of three pairs of widely used medicinal plant species to their counterparts from Provence, France: Arnica montana with Pentanema montanum (formerly known as Inula montana), Helichrysum italicum with Helichrysum stoechas, and Satureja hortensis with Satureja montana. Phytochemical composition has been investigated using UHPLC-HRMS/MS and molecular networking, revealing chemical profiles dominated by phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, with lignans, sesquiterpene lactones, or polyketides aside. Well-plate DPPH/ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts, and post-column assays were used to identify antioxidant compounds. The three Provence species demonstrated comparable or superior antioxidant activities to their counterparts, primarily attributed to phenolic compounds such as mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids, quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside, and myricetin acetylhexoside. These findings show the potential of Provence species to be substituted for some overharvested medicinal plants. This research supports biodiversity conservation while promoting the integration of these local species into pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries
Quelles solutions fondées sur la nature (SfN) pour les zones littorales très urbanisées ? Une réflexion à partir du cas de Marseille
No full textInternational audienceHeavily urbanised coastal areas are socio-ecosystems subject to significant anthropogenic pressures, most often for several centuries. Shaped by artificial structures (ports, seawalls, beaches, landfills, etc.), these territories are densely populated, have a high level of tourism, a wide range of deep-rooted uses and multiple forms of governance over a limited space. At the same time, they benefit from financial, technical, and intellectual resources that are conducive to experimentation and innovation. In this context, which is both constrained and rich in potential, coastal development still mainly relies on conventional engineering approaches. Nature-based Solutions (NbS), defined as actions aimed at protecting, sustainably managing, or restoring natural or modified ecosystems to address societal challenges while providing benefits for biodiversity, are relatively little used. Yet these solutions could provide an alternative to address issues related to climate change, health, or risk management, while generating benefits for biodiversity. Thus, the potential of NbS in urban coastal environments deserves to be explored: What types of NbS are feasible and effective in this context?This poster proposal is based on research conducted as part of the Human-Environment Observatory (OHM) Mediterranean Coast and the “MedCoast” Living Lab of the French national research program SOLUBIOD. It focuses on three main areas: (1) Benchmarking of scientific literature and NbS projects in urbanised coastal environments to identify trends, gaps, costs, impacts, and factors for success or failure; (2) Conducting interviews with coastal managers in Marseille to understand their perceptions and representations of this concept, as well as the obstacles and enablers; (3) Collaborative partnership with the City of Marseille, including a collective intelligence workshop on a key site to evaluate the integration of NbS into a coastal development project.Les zones littorales très urbanisées forment des socio-écosystèmes soumis à d’importantes pressions anthropiques, le plus souvent depuis plusieurs siècles. Façonnés par des structures artificielles (ports, digues, plages, remblais…), ces territoires concentrent une forte densité de population, un tourisme important, des usages variés et ancrés, ainsi qu’une gouvernance multiple sur un espace restreint. En parallèle, ils disposent de ressources financières, techniques et intellectuelles, propices à l’expérimentation et à l’innovation. Dans ce contexte à la fois contraint et riche de potentialités, les aménagements du littoral reposent encore majoritairement sur l’ingénierie classique. Les solutions fondées sur la nature (SfN), définies comme des actions visant à protéger, gérer durablement ou restaurer des écosystèmes naturels ou modifiés pour répondre à des défis sociétaux tout en produisant des bénéfices pour la biodiversité, y sont relativement peu mobilisées. Pourtant, ces solutions pourraient constituer une alternative face aux questions liées au changement climatique, à la santé ou à la gestion des risques, tout en générant des bénéfices pour la biodiversité. Ainsi, le potentiel des SfN en milieu littoral urbain mérite d’être exploré : quels types de SfN sont envisageables et efficaces dans ce contexte ? Cette proposition de poster porte sur une recherche conduite dans le cadre de l’Observatoire Homme-Milieux (OHM) Littoral Méditerranéen et du Living Lab “MedCoast” du programme national de recherche SOLUBIOD. Elle s’articule autour de trois axes : (1) Benchmarking de la littérature scientifique et des projets SfN en milieux littoraux urbanisés pour identifier tendances, lacunes, coûts, impacts, facteurs de réussite ou d’échec ; (2) Enquête par entretiens auprès des gestionnaires du littoral marseillais pour comprendre leurs perceptions et représentations de ce concept, les freins et leviers ; (3) Animation d’un partenariat avec la Ville de Marseille, incluant un atelier d’intelligence collective sur un site à enjeux pour évaluer l’intégration de SfN dans une opération d’aménagement du littoral
Individual and combined impacts of water immersion, steaming at 100 °C and hot air drying on the cashew nut shelling process
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Shelling cashew nuts is a highly labour-intensive process that often results in broken kernels, reducing efficiency and economic value. Improving shelling techniques is crucial for increasing whole kernel yield, reducing waste, and enhancing sustainability in the cashew industry. In this study, the aim was to investigate the impact of pre-treatments (water immersion, steaming and artificial drying) applied alone or in combination to weaken the nut and facilitate shelling. An experimental approach incorporating microtomography was used to identify the importance of each step and the factors controlling the process. The results show that water content is the main factor influencing whole kernel yield, shelling rate and shell toughness. Hydration during soaking makes the shell more flexible and reduces kernel cracking, while steaming intensifies this effect. Rapid drying keeps the kernel hydrated and makes the shell brittle, improving the production rate. The study suggests that steaming alone might sufficiently saturate the shell, eliminating the need for soaking. In addition, artificial drying reduces the duration of the process. The results obtained provided a better understanding of the process control variables with a view to its improvement. Further studies on process modelling could provide insights into optimising the yield of whole kernels
Une approche par le genre du travail agricole en Andalousie. Trois questions à Lucille Florenza
No full textBlog des chercheur·es du Centre Norbert Elia
Savoirs partagés, de la médiation à la participation. Trois questions à Elisa Ullauri Lloré
No full textBlog des chercheur·es du Centre Norbert Elia
Quelles mémoires pour les "luchadoras, compañeras, gloriosas, viudas, hijas, nietas...", dans l'art contemporain et les musiques actuelles en Espagne ?
No full textInternational audienc
Study of biological safety of camel milk after treatment with different antibiotics
No full textInternational audienceThe use of antibiotics in camels is generally based on the doses applied to cattle, despite the known differences in plasma pharmacokinetics between camel and cattle. The demand for camel milk increased due to the belief that traditional camel farming practices produce safe milk with health benefits. For assessing the importance of antibiotic residues in camel milk and to propose a convenient withdrawal period, a trial was conducted on 10 lactating camels (7–12 years old; 450 kg life weight (LW), 7–8 liter of milk production per day) at mid-lactation receiving an injection of 40 mL of Pen-strep® (benzylpenicillin-procaine 200,000 IU/1 ml and dihydrostreptomycin sulfate 200 mg/1 ml) and Nitox® (oxytetracycline dihydrate 200 mg/1 ml). The antibiotic residues were measured in the milk 30 min after injection then on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 19, 24 and 56 by using HPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that penicillin’s mean residual concentration (0.3 ± 0.013 mg/kg) remained 7.5 times above the maximum residue limit (MRL) even on 56th day. In contrast, streptomycin fell below the MRL within 30 minutes and averaged 1 µg/kg by day 56. Oxytetracycline levels exceeded the MRL (0.1 mg/kg) until day 14 but dropped to a safe level of 0.018 ± 0.01 mg/kg by day 24. In conclusion, the decline in streptomycin concentration post-injection appeared rapid and efficient, the elimination of penicillin and tetracycline was slow. These preliminary results lead to considering the necessity to adapt the waiting time to the dairy camel
Social design as a lever for engagement and sustainability of physical activity among older people
No full textInternational audienceLe vieillissement de la population mondiale soulève des défis majeurs, notamment en matière de santé des seniors. L'activité physique apparaît comme un levier essentiel pour favoriser un vieillissement en bonne santé, en prévenant les maladies chroniques et en améliorant le bien-être mental et physique. Cependant, des obstacles existent, notamment en termes d'adhésion et de pérennisation de ces pratiques à long terme. Cette étude explore l'intégration du design social pour améliorer l'engagement des seniors dans l'activité physique, en combinant des méthodologies quantitatives et qualitatives pour concevoir des solutions adaptées, durables et généralisables au sein de programmes d’activité physique adaptée
Lipid Oxidation and Barrier Properties of the Coated Freeze-Dried Chicken Meat with Gelatin-Chitosan Film Enriched with Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract
No full textInternational audienceThe study aimed to evaluate the quality of the coated freeze-dried chicken meat using gelatin-chitosan film enriched with Tunisian rosemary extract. The quality was evaluated on the basis of physical and barrier properties, as well as lipid oxidation for coated and uncoated chicken meat. Chicken breast meat was cut into small pieces, pasteurized, and coated with the active film solution. The active gelatin-chitosan film enriched was prepared with different concentrations of rosemary extract (0 to 2%). The application of the coating solution, with or without ultrasonic treatment was conducted. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to freeze drying for 72 h. The water activity, color, hygroscopic, and rehydration properties of the freeze-dried coated meat were measured. Moreover, the lipid oxidation of the coated vs. uncoated meat was also investigated during a 6 month storage period. Results showed that the coating can form a non-porous surface, which resists the exchange of water vapor, thereby decreasing hygroscopicity and rehydration rates. Likewise, the reduction in the color change and the level of malondialdehyde proved that the active coating allowed good preservation of the meat samples against lipid oxidation during the storage period. However, the application of coating with the use of ultrasound treatment did not positively affect lipid oxidation reduction, and an even higher value was observed in comparison to samples immersed in film forming solutions without ultrasound treatment. It can be concluded that the phenolic compounds incorporated into the film matrix had antioxidant activity, minimizing the extent of lipid oxidation in foods
L’incommunication : un impensé de la cohabitation culturelle ?
No full textNational audienceOur research, based on an ethnographic approach carried out within an NGO defending people in migrant situations, explores cultural cohabitation, a concept that remains underexplored in Information and Communication Sciences (ICS). Our aim is to integrate the notion of incommunication as a key analytical object for understanding intercultural interactions. In this perspective, we enrich the definition of cultural cohabitation by conceptualising it as a process of incommunication, in which individuals from different cultural backgrounds meet and interact, while recognising and respecting their different ways of being sensitive to the world.Notre recherche, fondée sur une approche ethnographique menée au sein d’une ONG de défense des droits des personnes en situation de migration, explore la cohabitation culturelle, un concept qui reste peu étudié en sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC). Notre propos vise à intégrer la notion d’incommunication en tant qu’objet essentiel s’agissant de la compréhension des interactions interculturelles. Ainsi, nous enrichissons la définition de la cohabitation culturelle en l’envisageant comme un processus d’incommunication, dans lequel des personnes de cultures différentes se rencontrent et interagissent, tout en reconnaissant et en respectant leur manière d’être sensibles au monde différemment