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Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at s = 13.6 TeV
No full textThe first measurement of the inclusive and normalised differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV is presented. The data were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb−1. The analysed events contain one muon and one electron in the final state. For the inclusive measurement, multivariate discriminants exploiting the kinematic properties of the events are used to separate the signal from the dominant top quark-antiquark production background. A cross section of 82.3±2.1stat−9.7+9.9syst±3.3lumi pb is obtained, consistent with the predictions of the standard model. A fiducial region is defined according to the detector acceptance to perform the differential measurements. The resulting differential distributions are unfolded to particle level and show good agreement with the predictions at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics
Defatting strategies for chia protein production: effects on physicochemical properties
No full textThe growing demand for sustainable plant-based proteins has highlighted chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.), offering 18–32 % protein content. This study evaluates protein extraction efficiency and functional properties across two types of chia product: organic partially defatted flour (O) and conventional whole full-fat seeds (C). Defatting methods included mechanical cold pressing (O_PD), hexane extraction (O_HEX, C_HEX), supercritical CO₂ with ethanol (C_SCF), and a non-defatted control (C_ND). Hexane extraction achieved the highest protein content (O_HEX: 67.1 %; C_HEX: 63.9 %) and foaming stability (76.85 %, 75.00 %), with minimal residual fat (0.10–0.40 %). Supercritical CO₂ yielded the highest protein recovery (44.6 %) and emulsion capacity (203.17 %), while O_PD and C_ND showed superior solubility at neutral pH. Functional properties varied significantly: O_HEX exhibited the highest water-holding capacity (794.86 %), and C_HEX demonstrated peak oil-binding capacity (473.92 %). These findings shows that both seed types and defatting method critically influence protein yield and functionality. While hexane extraction maximizes efficiency, its environmental drawbacks position supercritical CO₂ as an eco-friendly alternative, despite solubility trade-offs. This study provides actionable insights for optimizing plant-based protein ingredients by balancing extraction efficiency, functional performance, and sustainability goals across chia seed sources and processing technologies
Preliminary CFD-Based Design of a Modular High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP Applications
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How do higher education program choices shift over time? Transient and structural influences in Türkiye (2015-2024)
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Flat-Band Photonic Waveguides
No full textWe experimentally demonstrate a moiré photonic crystal waveguide, achieving adjustable flat band count and flatness by varying moiré periodicity and modulation strength. We confirm the observation of flat bands with a minimum 6-nm bandwidth