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Integrated Methodology for Seasonal Inflow Forecasting: A Case Study of the Upper Feather River Basin
No full textSeasonal inflow forecasting is crucial for managing water resources and understanding climate impacts on river systems. Recent extreme events have exposed the limitations of traditional statistical water supply forecasting methods, underscoring the urgent need to shift toward frameworks that incorporate more physically based modeling approaches. This study presents an integrated seasonal inflow forecasting methodology applied to the Upper Feather River Basin (UFRB), a major contributor to the California State Water Project. The UFRB, upstream of Oroville Dam, encompasses multiple tributaries, including the North, Middle, South, and West Forks, providing water for urban, industrial, and agricultural needs. The basin is prone to significant runoff events, particularly during rain-on-snow conditions. It also faces challenges with flood control and maintaining dry season base flows. This study introduces an integrated seasonal inflow forecasting methodology, combining deterministic modeling with a statistical correction technique to improve forecast accuracy. The deterministic component includes a climate forecasting system using the WRF model to downscale global climate data, and a snow and inflow forecasting system using WEHY-HCM. The deterministic forecast errors are corrected via the exponential smoothing method. With the developed methodology, Oroville Dam seasonal inflows were forecasted in 2024, and the method worked successfully. Given the basin's importance in California's water supply and the potential for extreme runoff events, providing accurate seasonal inflow forecasts is critical for optimizing water management. This methodology not only applies to the Upper Feather River Basin but also offers broader implications for water resource management across other basins
SHOOTING A WATER SLUG INTO AN AIR COLUMN WITH AND WITHOUT VENT
No full textCompressed air is used to shoot a single water slug into an upward sloping pipe with elbow and orifice at its upper end. The experiment concerns a 12 m long pipe of 0.1 m diameter connected to a 0.5 m3 air vessel. The 10 to 50 kg heavy slugs are initially at rest in the lower part of the system. Because the upper end is closed by a flange with orifice, the water slug is expected not to hit the upstream elbow. It causes - like a piston - a fast compression of the air column ahead of it. Sometimes the slug bounces back and forth, which results in a pressure oscillation of serious amplitude. Numerical simulations based on an elementary mathematical model are normally used to interpret the pressure measurements, not all of which are fully understood. Lessons learned are summarised, and suggestions for improved experiments and enhanced simulations are given. The research is of importance, for example, for steam lines where liquid condensates may collect in lower parts after power failure. Start-up of the system will then lead to rapid slug acceleration and potentially damaging impact on elbows, orifices, and machinery
FLAW DETECTION IN ALUMINIUM CASTINGS LEVERAGING SYNTHETIC DATA FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
No full textDeveloping a Global Citizenship Education (GCE) Practices Scale: A Study on Middle School Teachers’ GCE Visions and Practices
No full textGenetic Model for Beryl/Emerald-Related Schist in Egypt: Clues of Metasomatism
No full textUm Solimate emerald deposit is a unique example for the well-known beryl-related schist type. Where, the Be-mineralization is restricted to NNE-trending quartz veins/lenses and as disseminated emerald grains within the altered-metasomatic zones of phlogopite- and graphiteschists. The study of fluid inclusions for the mineralized quartz vein revealed three major groups: (i) aqueous (H2O-NaCl), (ii) aqueous-carbonic (H2O-CO2-[CH4]-NaCl), and (iii) aqueous-hydrocarbonic (H2O-CH4) FIs. They have been further classified into five types (namely: types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) according to number of phases at the room temperature (20 °C) as well as microthermometric measurements. Based upon the study of fluid inclusions, the initial-ore forming fluid was supposed to be of magmatic nature, characterized by a relatively high temperature of homogenization (Th, tot: 269- 485 °C) and higher salinity (8.4 wt.%-9.6 wt.% NaCl equiv.), followed by development of aqueouscarbonic inclusions at lower temperature (Th, tot: 241-355 °C) and lower salinity (3.3 wt.%-4.9 wt.% NaCl equiv.) through metamorphic dehydration/decarbonation. Methane-rich FIs were suggested to be formed as a result of local re-equilibration of graphite in reduced environment at the contact aureole of the felsic intrusion. The P-T conditions of ore formation were estimated as modal temperature between (330-370 °C) and fluid pressures of about 200 MPa, corresponding to an estimated depth ranges from 7 to10 km. The formation of emerald is closely associated with multiple events through the ore evolution, the deposition is ascribed to destabilization process of continuous metasomatic interactions and elemental substitutions between felsic-derived Be-bearing fluids with the adjacent mafic-ultramafic rocks at the zone of mineralization
TinyRS-R1: Compact Vision Language Model for Remote Sensing
No full textRemote sensing applications often rely on edge hardware that cannot host the models in the 7B parametric vision language of today. This paper presents TinyRS, the first 2B-parameter VLM optimized for remote sensing, and TinyRS-R1, its reasoning-augmented variant. Based on Qwen2-VL-2B, TinyRS is trained via a four-stage pipeline: pre-training on million-scale satellite images, instruction tuning, fine-tuning with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) annotations from a new reasoning dataset, and GRPO-based alignment. TinyRS-R1 matches or surpasses recent 7B remote sensing models in classification, VQA, grounding, and open-ended QA–while using one third of the memory and latency. CoT reasoning improves grounding and scene understanding, while TinyRS excels at concise, low-latency VQA. TinyRS-R1 is the first domain-specialized small VLM with GRPO-aligned CoT reasoning for general-purpose remote sensing. The code, models, and caption datasets will be released
The effects of translanguaging pedagogy in the pre-stagesof academic writing at the tertiary level in an efl context,Türki̇ye
No full textThis study investigates the impact of translanguaging pedagogy on academic writing amongEnglish-major university students in Türkiye, aiming to enhance the understanding of howtranslingual strategies can improve writing outcomes in an EFL context. Recognizing thechallenges students face in mastering writing skills, this research explores the effectiveness ofvarious prewriting discussion conditions: no prewriting discussion, discussions conducted inEnglish, discussions in Turkish, and discussions under translanguaging conditions. Byemploying a mixed-methods approach, the study quantitatively analyzes writing performancethrough metrics such as word count, grammatical accuracy, and the richness of ideas, whilequalitatively examining the functions of prewriting discussions in fostering idea generationand argument structuring. The findings are expected to reveal a significant relationshipbetween the level of translanguaging exposure and the quality of student writing, providingvaluable insights into the role of bilingual strategies in enhancing academic performance. Thisresearch not only contributes to the existing literature on translanguaging in language</p
Surface functionalized calcium phosphate bioceramics for immunomodulatory biomaterials
No full textCalcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics, including apatite (Ap)-based materials, are naturally biocompatible, but they frequently require surface functionalization to achieve optimal integration with biological systems, especially with immune cells. Surface functionalization strategies tailor CaP bioceramic nanoparticles to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and overall biocompatibility. This is because functionalized surfaces interact more dynamically with immune cells, i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes, through surface receptors and signaling pathways. The dynamic interaction may activate immune cells, release cytokine, differentiate cells, and regulate inflammation. Therefore, to resolve the limitations of natural CaP bioceramics, surface functionalization is crucial. Modified bioceramics nanoparticles’ surface properties ensure more effective integration with biological tissues. In addition, biomolecule immobilization on CaP bioceramic surfaces provides a versatile approach in establishing a foundation for the development of immunomodulatory biomaterials. This review provides an overview of recent biomedical research on CaP bioceramics, especially Ap-based materials, focusing on advancements in surface functionalization strategies designed to improve interactions with immune cells. It also examines the role of immobilized biomolecules in modulating immune responses, highlighting their potential for clinical applications
From Walking to Running: A Comprehensive Clock Torque Actuated SLIP Framework for Trotting in Quadrupedal Locomotion
No full textThis paper presents a template-based control method for achieving diverse trotting motions in quadrupedal systems, with a focus on smooth transitions between walking trot, regular trot, and flying (running) trot. First, we extend the Clock Torque Actuated Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (CT-SLIP) template to three dimensions, creating a comprehensive control framework. A template-based control strategy is then developed to compute joint torques for stable locomotion, along with a detailed approach for transitioning between gaits. To enable the flight phase in the running trot, a projectile motion model is incorporated into the template. For improved turning, we implement a yaw control method that rotates the swing foot plane to enhance stability, enabling higher turning rates while maintaining steady forward motion and balance. To further enhance locomotion stability and performance, a Whole-Body Controller (WBC) is integrated. The proposed method is implemented and rigorously evaluated in the MuJoCo simulator, with experiments testing gait transitions and disturbance rejection. Additionally, comparative studies assess the impacts of both swing foot plane rotation and the WBC on overall system performance. Furthermore, the approach is validated through real hardware experiments on Unitree GO1 quadrupedal robot, successfully demonstrating smooth gait transitions, stable locomotion, and practical applicability in real-world scenarios