ADBU Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AJEEE)
Not a member yet
73 research outputs found
Sort by
Nanomaterial-based Sensing of Low-concentration NO2 Gas: A Review
Get PDFThis paper highlights the recent advances and new trends in nanomaterial-based detection of NO2 in ambient air, which is the major constituent of polluted air. The development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable gas sensing techniques is essential for the benefit of human life and health. Gas sensors are emerging as important devices in both industrial and medical applications. As a result, more and more work has been done in recent years to develop gas sensors with high selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. As such, various nanomaterials have been explored to improve the overall performance of gas sensors, among which, ZnO, ZnO-ZnS, and carbon dots (CDs) have received enormous attention due to their excellent performance. This paper reviews the applications of ZnO, ZnO-ZnS, and Carbon Dots (CDs) for sensing low-concentration NO2. The synthesis methods and performance characteristics of these nanomaterials are discussed in detail. Lastly, the challenges, and perspectives on the future trends of these nanomaterial-based gas sensors are highlighted
Sensitivity Analysis of Microwave Sensors to Various Soil Types and Their Soil Moisture Content
Get PDFUnderstanding soil moisture content is extremely important to model areas for suitability analysis of different plantations and to predict natural disasters like landslides, floods, etc. It also influences hydrological and ecological processes. In the present work, a microwave sensing system with transmitter and receiver antennas in the C band is experimented with. The sensitivity of the sensor system is compared with the changes in soil moisture levels for different soil types available in the North Eastern Region of India using the laboratory-based setup. Suitable frequency determination for such a microwave-range soil moisture sensor is directly related to remote sensing satellite applications. The sensor system is found to be highly sensitive to soil moisture changes in various soil types. However, the determination of the exact frequency range that is suitable to detect soil moisture changes in different soil types is required for satellite remote sensing applications in the microwave range. Especially for the typical alluvial soil types of the Brahmaputra valley, a detailed sensitivity study using the microwave sensor is done in the current study. Thus, this paper presents the study results for determining the most suitable C-band frequency for soil moisture monitoring using active microwave sensors
A Review on Brain-Controlled Home Automation
Get PDFA "smart home" employs ambient intelligence to keep tabs on things around the house so that the owner may get services tailored to their specific needs and control their home appliances from afar. Home automation for the elderly and handicapped focuses on enabling older persons and those with disabilities to live safely and comfortably at home. Additionally, the integration of this technology with a brain-computer interface (BCI) is perhaps of tremendous usefulness to those who are either old or disabled. These BCI-based brain-controlled home automation (BCHA) systems have emerged as a viable option for people with neuro disorders to remain in their homes rather than move to assisted living facilities. To summarize, BCI-based BCHA for the elderly and handicapped people is transforming people's lives every day. Most individuals prefer a simple approach to save time and effort. Automating the house is the simplest way for individuals to save time and effort. The brain-computer interface, often known as a BCI, is an innovative method of human-computer connection that does not rely on conventional output channels (muscle tissue and peripheral nerve). Over the course of the last three decades, it has attracted the attention of industry experts and developed into a thriving centre for research. Brain-controlled home automation (BCHA), as a typical BCI application, may provide physically challenged people with a new communication route with the outside world. However, the primary challenge that BCHA faces is to rapidly decipher multi-degree-of-freedom control instructions extracted from an electroencephalogram (EEG). The BCHA's research has made significant headway in a short amount of time during the last fifteen years. This study investigates the BCHA from several viewpoints, including the pattern of instructions for the control system, the type of signal acquisition, and the operational mechanism of the control system itself. This paper a concise description of the building blocks of smart homes and how they may be used to construct BCI-controlled home automation to assist disabled individuals. It is a compilation of information pertaining to communication protocols, multimedia devices, sensors, and systems that are often used in the process of putting smart homes into action. A comprehensive strategy for developing a functional and sustainable BCI-controlled home automation system is laid out in this paper as well, which could be useful to researchers in the future
Detection of diseases in fruits using Image Processing Techniques
Get PDFIndia is one of the leading producers of fresh fruits in the world but its contribution to the global market in terms of exports is very little. One of the reasons for this huge difference is the significantly high wastage of the produce due to the unavailability of systems for the detection of diseases in fruits efficiently, during the harvest and in the post-harvest period. In this paper, two approaches have been applied for the detection of disease in Apple, namely, Multi Support Vector Machine and Convolutional Neural Networks. A comparative analysis has been carried out on the results obtained using the aforementioned approaches. In the Multi Support Vector Machine (Multi SVM) approach, K-means clustering has been used for segmentation and Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) has been used for Feature Extraction whereas in the Convolutional Neural Network approach, transfer learning using ResNet-50 has been used for the detection of diseases in Apples. The results obtained from the two approaches can be summarized as 86.3% average classification accuracy in the Multi SVM approach and 95.79% accuracy in the CNN approach
Controlling Home Appliances by IR Remote Control using Arduino Uno
Get PDFIn today’s world, the requirement of controlling appliances is necessary to reduce human effort and utilize a maximum of the technology and doing it everything smartly and efficiently. With the increase in population, consumption of energy is also increasing and there is a need to conserve energy in every possible way either outside or inside the surrounding atmosphere. This paper discusses an emerging idea whereby only a single device can control various home appliances such as switching ON and OFF of appliances or loads. A single remote control is used to control several appliances, achieving a simple low-cost home automation system. In the proposed scheme, a circuit has been built that meets the requirements to control the house appliances through a remote-control device, portable in all parts of the room, and controlling appliances such as TV, fans, bulbs, heaters, etc
Realization of Fractance Device using Continued Fraction Expansion Method
Get PDFThe realization of fractional-order circuits is an emerging area of research for people working in the areas of control systems, signal processing and other related fields. In this paper, an attempt is made to realize fractance devices. The continued fraction expansion formula is used to calculate the fractance device's rational approximation. For the simulation in the experimentation, the third-order approximation for fractional order, α = -1/2, -1/3, -1/4 is used. For the aim of mathematical simulation, the MATLAB platform was used. The proposed rational approximation is used to create a circuit. The TINA programme is used to simulate circuits. It has been discovered that the simulation and theoretical conclusions are in agreement
Intensity-based Macro-bend Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor using Raspberry Pi Platform
Get PDFThis paper presents an optical fiber sensor-based instrumentation system to measure the light intensity due to different refractive indices. The proposed sensor system consists of (i) He-Ne Laser as a source (ii) Fiber optic cable (iii) CCD camera to capture the intensity (iv) Raspberry Pi using phyton for processing. The optical fiber is bent into different radius and the intensity is captured every time the fiber is bent by the CCD camera. The Raspberry Pi use the phyton codes to process the captured intensity and plot it in the Gaussian curve. This sensor can be used for sensing the intensity of different solutions with different refractive indexes
Solar Generation Prediction using Artificial Intelligence: A Review
Get PDFSolar energy generation is one of the most promising and fastest-growing renewable energy sources for the generation of useful energy worldwide. Forecasting of solar power is the most essential for the planning of grid operations, mainly in residential microgrids, to optimize and manage the energy produced in a dispatchable trend. Due to the inability of deterministic methods to accurately forecast solar power generation due to their dependency on natural inputs, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques are required to be implemented. AI techniques clubbed with stochastic methods are considered to be highly effective for solar generation forecasting. In this review, various artificial intelligence-based supervised and unsupervised learning methods for solar energy generation prediction are analyzed. The use of weather and environmental inputs for supervised learning is also compared. The accuracy of prediction of solar generation using several AI, Machine Learning, and Neural Network-based techniques are also analyzed in the paper. The paper presents an overall picture of the use of Artificial-Intelligence based techniques in solar generation prediction in the world
Electrical bicycle sharing scheme for medium-scale and large-scale organizations
Get PDFThis paper deals with the development of an Electrical Bicycle sharing scheme, in which we are discussing the availability of different types of Electrical Bicycles also about different components available for the development of Electrical bicycles. The proposed scheme uses a simple RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card or Id-password based locking and unlocking as well as a prepaid charging system, in which time-based charges are fed from the user. Also, this paper discusses the Solar charging system for Electrical bicycles, calculation of the payback period for Electrical bicycles. Lastly, the different benefits of sharing scheme have been included
Microstrip Patch Antenna for MIMO based WLAN Application: A Review
Get PDFIn today’s life, wireless communication is an emerging means of data transmission. The application such as mobile, satellite, government as well as commercial required low profile, high performance with minimum cost antenna. The antenna is the intermediate between the device and the people for the data transmission and reception process. The data might be available in any form i.e., audio, video, or image form. Mobile broadcasting of LTE digital stream is directly related to new 4G developments. Taking a 3G network for analysis, one can find that its data transfer rate is 11 times lower than 5G. Nevertheless, the speed of both receiving and broadcasting LTE data is often of poor quality. This is due to a lack of power or signal strength that the 5G LTE modem receives from the station. 5G MIMO antennas are being introduced to significantly improve the quality of information distribution. MIMO is the distribution of several streams of information at once through just one channel, followed by their passage through a pair or more antennas before reaching independent receiving devices for broadcasting radio waves. Presently, the use of wireless communication is increasing very rapidly in human’s day to day life as well as in any industry. The applications such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WIMAX and ISM are the few applications, which are the foremost need of any electronic system operated by radio means. The antenna developers aim to design a compact, low profile, low-cost high-performance antenna. This paper aims to survey the existing work performed by many researchers using different configurations and technical aspects to obtain a high-performance WLAN antenna