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SOFT SET THEORY APPLIED TO MS-ALGEBRAS
No full textIn this paper, we initiate the study of soft MS-algebra by using soft set theory. The notions of soft MS-algebras, soft e-filters, and soft MS-homomorphisms are introduced. Several related properties and some characterizations are investigated
Relationships between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Body Composition among Administrative Staffs in Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
No full textHealthy lifestyles enhance lifelong health, increase quality of life, and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with the development of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body composition and healthy lifestyle behaviors (HLBs). The study design was a cross-sectional study design, 332(174 male and 158 women) administrative staff were included in the study by using a simple random sampling technique. HLB Questionnaire for HLBs and skinfold caliper for body composition were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed with, simple descriptive statics, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression through IBM SPSS software, version 24. The majority of study subjects 174 (57.6%) were over-fat or obese. From the six dimensions of HLBs; the participants received the highest scores in health responsibility, spiritual development, and interpersonal relation of sub-dimensions; the lowest mean scores were in physical activity habit, stress management, and nutritional habit. The study also found a significant negative correlation (r = -0.69, P<0. 001) between overall HLBs and body fat percentage (BFP). Concerning the effect of HLBs and socio-demographic characteristics on body composition jointly explained the 32 % variation in BFP. Health responsibility, physical activity habits, and nutritional habits have a statistically significant inverse association with body fat percentage and body mass index. The independent variables (components of HLBs) significantly predict the body fat percentage: F (6, 295) = 18.73, p < 0.001, body mass index: F (6, 295) = 30.44, p < 0.001, and body weight: F (6, 295) = 16.8, p < 0.001 (i.e., the regression models are a good fit of the data). This study attests there was a significant correlation between overall HLBs and body composition parameters. Subdimensions of healthy lifestyle behavior and socio-demographic characteristics of participants had significant effects on body composition parameters. To sum up, from healthy lifestyle behavior domains, physical activity, nutrition, and physical activity habits were the dominant factors that highly affect body composition
The Determinants of Adoption of Improved Agricultural Inputs by Small Holder Farmers: A Study in Estie Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
No full textDespite the fact that the use of improved agricultural input increase productivity of smallholders’ farmers, most farmers continued with traditional way of farming and the rate of adoption of improved input is too low. It is believed that many socio-economic, institutional and technology related factors have an impact on improved technology adoption. Hence, the interest of this study is to identify factors affecting adoption of improved agricultural input. The study used primary data collected from sample small scale farmers selected by multistage sampling method. Binary logit model was employed to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that age of the household head, family size, contact to extension agent and membership of framers association have positive and significant effect at 1 percent level. Whereas, land size and access to credit have positive significant effect at 5 percent level of significance. Based on the finding, the study recommends the government to increase access to credit and provide information to farmers about the available improved agricultural inputs and their impact on productivity through extension agents and farmers association
Dynamical Analysis of Cholera Diseases Transmission Model with Hospitalization
No full textIn this paper we developed a deterministic mathematical model of cholera disease dynamics by considering direct and indirect contact transmission pathway. The model considers five compartments, namely susceptible humans, infectious humans, hospitalized humans, recovered humans and the Vibrio cholera pathogen in the environment. The model qualitative behaviors, such as the invariant region, the existence of a positive invariant solution, the two equilibrium points (disease-free and endemic equilibrium), and their stabilities (local as well as global stability) of the model are studied. Moreover, the basic reproduction number of the model is obtained. Finally, we performed sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations. The numerical simulation results show that reducing contact rate, improving hospitalization rate, and environmental sanitation are the most important activities to fight against cholera disease from the community
Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Zehneria scabra (L.f) Sond (ሀረግ ሬሣ) Leaves Extract
No full textThis study was intended to identify chemical constituents of methanol (99%) leaves extract of Zehneria scabra (L.f) Sond. The crude extract fractions were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method at 100 mg/ml concentrations in the presence of positive control. The phytochemical was isolated and purified by using preparative thin-layer chromatography (in a solvent system of 10% ethyl acetate: 90% chloroform). The structure of the isolated component was determined by using a combination of spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135 spectra. The phytochemical screening of methanol crude extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, and tannins. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction revealed more potent antibacterial activities
Fractions in Abstract R-vector spaces
No full textIn this paper, we introduce the notion of fractions in Abstract R-vector space, its norm, and obtaining certain properties. Also, we show that fraction of Abstract R-vector spaces is once again a vector space over fractions of the commutative regular ring with unity. Further, we introduce the notion of sub-vector spaces in a fraction of Abstract, R-vector spaces
Recent Advances in Synthesis of Coumarins: Coumarin Derivatives and Their Biological Application
No full textCoumarin was first extracted from Tonka bean by Vogel in 1820. Coumarin and its derivatives are important groups of compounds due to their medicinal and pharmacological properties. These compounds have a significant role in the development of new drugs. Many different conventional methods and non-conventional methods have been developed to synthesize coumarin derivatives. The objective of this review paper is to present the various methods of coumarin synthesis, both conventional and green synthesis. Techniques such as heating, microwave, and ultrasound irradiation were employed. Moreover, various solvents and catalysts were employed to obtain better yields. The present review revealed that the conventional methods are time-consuming, environmentally polluting, and lower in yield whereas the green synthesis of coumarin derivatives is better in yield, environmentally eco-friendly, and rapid. This review summarized several conventional methods, non-conventional methods and reaction conditions for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives from various precursors such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ketones and phenols. Literature collection was conducted using various search engines
Composition and Endemicity of Plant Species in Simien Mountains National Park Flora, North Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia
No full textThough Ethiopia is endowed with rich biological resources, in the last few decades, these resources have been highly threatened by anthropogenic activities. As a result, better vegetation cover is largely found in inaccessible and protected areas only. This work was conducted in Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP) vegetation. SMNP is a spectacular world heritage site having different landforms that encapsulate diverse and unique biodiversity combinations and serve as a refuge for rare and endangered species. The objective of the inventory was to assess the floristic composition, endemicity, and threat status of the endemic plant species in the park. Extensive and frequent field work in SMNP at different times and seasons (2014-2019), examination of the herbarium specimens of Simien from the National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, and evaluation of botanical information in previous studies were used as a data source. Plant specimens’ identification was based on published volumes of the flora of Ethiopia and Eretria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the floristic data. A total of 532 vascular plant species representing 102 families were recorded. Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Poaceae. Out of the species identified, 75 were endemic to Ethiopia, which is included in the preliminarily assessed list for IUCN Red Data List. The study area is found rich in floristic composition and endemicity resulting from environmental heterogeneity that suits different species. Endemic species in the park are found at different threat statuses. Immediate managerial interventions shall be devised for critically endangered and endangered endemic plant species
Drainage Morphometric Characterization of Megech River Watershed, North Western Ethiopia, Using Geospatial Tools
Get PDFDrainage morphometric characterization of a river catchment is important for appropriate preparation and administration of natural resources in sustainable growth. The main objective of this study was to extract and characterize the morphometric drainage parameters of the Megech River catchment, Northwestern Ethiopia. For this the Ethiopian mapping agency's 1:50,000 scale toposheets, STER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection), and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite data were used. Drainage morphometric parameters of the watershed were assessed by computations of linear, areal, and relief aspects using the standard formula in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The Megech River catchment is spreading over an area of 560 km2. The watershed is drained by a fifth-order river and shown a dendritic stream pattern, which is an indication of the homogeneousness in rock texture. The watershed's mean bifurcation ratio is 1.84, representing that the drainage pattern is not much affected by tectonic and structural disturbances. Lower and middle-order drainages typically control the basin with the drainage density value of 5.5 km/km2, which displays mild to sharp slope topography. The mean bifurcation value of the basin is 1.84, revealing drainage networks formed on regular bedrocks when the influences of geologic structures on the drainage network are insignificant. The drainage texture of the watershed is 7.4, and it falls under the category of very fine drainage texture (>8). Elongation and circularity ratios for the basin are 0.61 and 0.3, which shows that Megech watershed is elongated, having a steep to moderate slope
Incidences and Etiology of volleyball Injuries in Ethiopia: A search for Amhara Regional State clubs and young players
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to examine the incidences of acute and overuse volleyball injuries, to find the mechanisms of acute and overuse volleyball injuries and to assess the main associated factors of acute and overuse volleyball injuries. For the current study, prospective cohort research design was used. The injury incidence rate, severity, diagnosis and the anatomical location of the injuries that occurred during practice and competition in the whole season of 2015/16 were recorded prospectively in a weekly base through interviewer administered questionnaire. A total of 323 players from Amhara regional State clubs and projects volleyball players were participated in the study. During the entire season, 188 injuries were reported in 50379 playing hours, 43566 hours of training (7.03 h/week for men and 6.48 h/week for women) and 6813 hours of match play (1.09 h/week for men and 1.01 h/week for women). The overall injury incidences were 3.7 injuries/1000 hours of play out of which 4.58 injuries were for male while 3.1 injuries were for female per player per year. In addition, during match play, the incidence were 15.71 and 1.86 during training per 1000 hours of play. The finger (29.25%) was the most commonly injured anatomical region followed by the ankle (18.61%), and knee (17.55%) injuries. During the season, there were a total of 167(88.83%) acute injuries with an incidence of 3.3 per 1000 hours and 21(11.17%) overuse injuries with an incidence of 0.42 per 1000 hours of play. Back court players followed by Outside hitters were the most frequent injuries. Similarly, wrong techniques, incorrect sprawls, stepping on others’ feet and fatigue were the most common injury factors. The findings of the present study revealed that the frequency of injury was high (58.2%) in the 2015/16 season of volleyball played. Finger, ankle, and knee injuries were the most frequently injured anatomical areas. Wrong techniques, incorrect sprawls and absence of preventive materials were the most important risk factors for injury.