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Theorization and Measurement of Memorable Tourism Experiences at Heritage Destinations (2019–2023): A Systematic Literature Review
No full textBy systematically mapping, analyzing and synthesizing a comprehensive body of scholarly works, this paper aims to trace the trajectory of models and theories that have shaped the discourse on memorable experience across multitude tourism literature and offers insights for future research prospects. To this end, high impact journal articles published from January 1st, 2019 to November 10th, 2023 were scanned from the electronic databases using the combination of keywords: “memorable tourism” OR “tourism experience” AND “memorable tourism experience”. Following the screening, selection and synthesizing processes, 15 original full-text articles were included for the final descriptive analysis. The analysis results revealed that the majority of the scholars were focused still on conceptualizing frameworks and theories of memorable experiences; largely neglects negative experiences; uneven geographical distribution of publication (global perspective, followed by China); and most studies employed quantitative approach. Acquainted to the gaps identified, recommendations should include a more thoughtful application of memorable experiences models and theories, a focus on context-based study, consideration of both positive and negative dimensions, mitigation of self-report bias, applying mixed approach, and incorporation of both demand and supply perspectives. Eventually, this systematic literature review (SLR) aims to prompt a paradigm shift towards a more context-oriented conceptualization of tourism experiential dimensions, advocating for a more nuanced understanding beyond the current holistic approach about the subject, mainly heritage destinations that entails different dimension
Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Associated Risk Factors among HIV/ ADIS Patients Attending Debark Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textHepatitis B is the most critical and prevalent infectious virus leading to human liver inflammation. HIV infection and intravenous drug use are directly related to the prevalence of Hepatitis B in different nations, regions, and populations. The general objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus infection among HIV/ADIS patients attending Debark Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 113 volunteer HIV/AIDs patients attending Debark Hospital from February to June 2018. The test for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was done using a rapid diagnostic test kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions (One Step HBsAg test, Ameritech-china, Ltd. Seattle, Washington, USA). An interviewer-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information and other factors associated with HBV infection. Analysis of data was conducted using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The overall prevalence of HBV was 6.2%. The prevalence in females was 6.9%, with males accounting for 4.9%. Rural residence (COR = 6.667, 95CI, 1,06-41.77, P-value=0.025), having multiple sexual partners (COR = 5.365, 95CI = 1.077-26.77, Pvalue=0.040), having surgical history (COR=8.76,95 CI = 1.77-43.34, P-value=0.001), and having dental procedure (COR = 4.125, 95CI =1.076-22.27, P-value=0.01) were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of HBV infections. The result is used to develop appropriate preventive services, allocate resources decided on priorities, and target populations with HIV/AIDS
Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Anti-bacterial Activities of the Leaf Extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
No full textChenopodium ambrosioides L. is an herbaceous shrub that belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae. In Ethiopia, it has been used to treat different alignments, particularly to detoxify snake bites, as an anthelmintic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents, determine the anti-bacterial activities and characterize and elucidate the structure of pure isolated compounds from the leaves of C. ambrosioides. The powdered leaves were extracted through maceration using hexane, acetone and methanol as solvents. About 2% of the crude leave extract obtained was the methanol extract, which indicated the leaves of C. ambrosioides contain more polar phytochemicals. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols. The crude leaf extracts of hexane, acetone, and methanol, each 100 mg/mL, were tested for the in-vitro antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method against three pathogens- S. aureus (gram-positive), E. coli and Ps. Aeruginosa (gramnegative). The maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited in acetone crude extract against S. aureus and E. coli with the inhibition diameter of 11 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The standard drug Erythromycin was used as a positive control and dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a negative control. The acetone crude extract was subjected to further chromatographic separation using n-hexane:ethyl acetate solvent ratio in increasing order of polarity and a pure compound was isolated. The structure of the pure compound was elucidated using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135. Spectroscopic characterization and comparison with literature reports revealed that the proposed structure of the compound is 8-ethoxy-2-oxo-2-chromene-3-carbaldeyde. 
Elemental and Polyphenol Contents of Green Coffee Beans from Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
No full textVariations in the major (Ca and Mg) and trace (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) essential metals as well as in the total polyphenol contents of green coffee beans with the major growing districts of Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, (Gondar Zuria, Takusa, Tach Armachiho and Chilga) were assessed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy, respectively. A total of 23 samples were used for analysis. For the analysis of metals, a wet digestion procedure was optimized. Accordingly, a 0.5 g of green coffee bean powder was digested on a hot plate with HNO3:HClO4 (4:4 v/v) at 240 °C for 3.5 h. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated from recoveries of spiked samples, which varied in the range 85‒116%. The coffee beans were found to contain considerable amounts of the essential elements, particularly Ca, and total polyphenols. The average concentration (mg/kg) of the elements were in the range of 2876‒3515 Ca, 839‒877 Mg, 71.8‒140 Fe, 31.6‒100 Cu, 21‒24.2 Mn and 10.0‒13.3 Zn. Significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Ca was found for green coffee beans from Takusa than the other districts. The polyphenol content of the coffee beans ranged from 31.5‒52.5 mgGAE/g, across samples. Analysis of variance (p < 0.05) revealed that there were no significant differences in the concentrations of total polyphenols among coffee beans from the four districts
Mapping of Lineaments Structures for Groundwater Study using Aeromagnetic Data: Case Study of a part of Ilorin and its Adjoining Areas, Central Nigeria
No full textA study was conducted on the Basement Complex rocks around Ilorin, located in southwestern Nigeria, to map lineaments and understand the structural elements influencing the region’s hydrogeology. The investigation combined aeromagnetic data analysis with existing geological information from the area. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied using Oasis Montaj™ software to interpret the IGRF-corrected aeromagnetic dataset. Depth estimation to magnetic sources was carried out through three-dimensional (3D) Euler deconvolution, which provided insights into source geometry, magnetic characteristics, and subsurface structural configurations based on structural indices. The integration of aeromagnetic interpretations with geological data enabled the extraction and evaluation of major lineaments and fault systems. The analysis revealed that many of the delineated structural features align with river channels depicted on geological maps, suggesting a strong structural influence on the drainage pattern. Predominant lineament orientations are NE–SW, with subordinate NW–SE trends, reflecting conjugate strike-slip fault systems associated with the Pan-African tectonic events in Nigeria. These structures display both dextral and sinistral movements, cross-cutting earlier Pan-African fabrics
Musculoskeletal Injury and Associated Factors in South Gondar Zone Volleyball Players, Ethiopia
No full textA retrospective study in the South Gondar zone of Amhara, Ethiopia, during 2021/2022 aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal injuries among the region's burgeoning population of volleyball players, who are noted to be highly vulnerable due to insufficient protective equipment, unsuitable playing areas, and inadequate medical facilities. The study involved a total of 360 volleyball players (195 from projects and 165 from clubs), with an overall mean age of 18.54±3.27 years, though club players were significantly older (20.34±2.78 years) than project players (15.42±1.92 years). Over the study period, the sample reported 62 total injuries, indicating that the frequency of injury was high, even though 82.78% of the players did not sustain an injury. Club players accounted for a slightly higher rate of injuries (54.84% or 34/62) compared to project players (45.16% or 28/62), but statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.1194). Crucially, the overall risk of injury was significantly higher during match play than during training, with a probability of injury at 12.78% during matches versus 4.44% during training. This meant players were about 2.9 times more likely to be injured during a match than during training (p=0.0002). According to physician diagnoses, the most frequent sites of injury were the ankles (56.45% or 35/62) and fingers (22.58% or 14/62), followed by the shoulder (8.06%), thumb (6.54%), and both the knee and Achilles tendon (3.23% each), underscoring the specific high-risk body parts for this population and concluding that targeted interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the high injury rates, particularly by focusing on match-day safety and common injury sites
Injuries and its Associated Risk factors among Leisure Time Runners in Debre-Tabor Town, Ethiopia
No full textRunning is the most popular physical activity enjoyed by people around the world. People seeking a healthier lifestyle through weight control and improved exercise capacity frequently choosing running, as this has been considered to be of low cost and can be easily implemented. Despite these health benefits, running injuries are common. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of running-related musculoskeletal injuries among leisure time runners over a 6-month period. A cross-sectional study design was used for this study. The participants of the study were leisure-time runners of Debre-Tabor Town. Of the registered participants (350), 323 (155 female & 168 male) runners were included and completed the questionnaires, which yielded a response rate of 92.28%. In the current study, 188 injuries occurred during the study period, giving an injury prevalence of 0.58 per leisure time runner. Of these, the prevalence of injuries was 0.58 in females and 0.57 in males. Of the occurrence of injuries on the runners, 62/106(58.5%) were during competition, 36/106(33.96%) during training, and, 8/106 (7.55%) of the injuries were occur during warming up. The rate of injuries on Knee, foot and ankle were 38.3% (72/188), 30.85 %( 58/188), and 17.55 %( 33/188) respectively. In this retrospective study, the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal running-related injuries during the study period was 58.2%. The most frequent injuries reported by the runners were tendinopathies and muscle strain/rupture followed by abrasion and the knee and foot/toe were the most affected anatomic sites
ANALYZING THE PRE-TRIAL DETENTION LAW AND THE JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF ETHIOPIA IN LIGHT OF HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, Pre-trial detention is supposed to be conducted based on the rules stated in the 1961 criminal procedure code, anti-corruption proclamation No.882/2015; and the Federal Supreme Court Cassation Bench precedent. These laws and cassation court precedent together provide the rules on permissible justifications for pre-trial detention, exceptions to the right to bail; and limits on duration of pre-trial detention. On the other hand, the FDRE constitution and treaties ratified by Ethiopia provide principles and rules on the limitations on the right to bail and duration of pre-trial detention. This article examines the compliance of the statutory rules and the cassation court precedent to the human rights principles on pre-trial detention in Ethiopia. Besides, this piece has examined the propriety of the judicial practice in Bahir Dar ena Akababiwa High Court and Bahir Dar town Woreda Court in their application and interpretation of pre-trial detention statutes as illustrations. As such, the work employs a legal doctrinal methodology. The empirical information is gained through the observation of the criminal benches in Bahardar Ena Akababiwa High Court, and Bahir Dar town District Court. Besides, we use human rights situation reports as the source of empirical data. Consequently, the article argues that the statutory laws and the precedent of the cassation court don’t comply with the human rights standards. And, the judicial practice regarding the regulation of pre-trial detention is normatively dissatisfying
Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plant Species Uses against Human Ailments in Lay Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textIndigenous peoples have developed their knowledge of plant use and conservation strategies. But less emphasis was given to scientific studies of them. Therefore, an ethnobotanical study on traditional medicinal plants was carried out in Lay Armachiho District to document their uses and management practices. Nine study kebeles with good vegetation cover and the number of healers were purposively selected. Eighty informants, 18 key and 72 general informants were selected purposive and stratified random sampling techniques, respectively. Ethnobotanical data were collected between February and March 2020 using semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and guided field walks with informants. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and ethnobotanical data verification methods. A total of 78 plant species distributed in 47 families were documented. Majority of the medicinal plants (47, 60.3%) were distributed in the wild habitat and shrubs were the dominant habit (28, 35.9%). About 66 human ailments have been identified that can be treated with many medicinal plants. The most commonly used plant part was leaf (41, 35.04%), and crushing (35, 31.8%) was the main preparation method. Most medicinal plants were used in fresh form (79, 71.8%) and administered orally 52(47.17%). Allium sativum, Hagenia abyssinica, and Croton macrostachyus had high informant consensus values. Ximenia americana and Croton macrostachyus were the best-scoring multipurpose species, and Zehneria scabra was with the highest fidelity level (98%) for treating febrile ailments. Agricultural expansion (29.82%) was the most important threatening factor to medicinal plants. The study area is rich in medicinal plant diversity and has a wealth of indigenous knowledge about its uses, which calls for prudent use and appropriate conservation measures
The Challenges of Tour Guiding in the Medieval City of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textTour guiding often considered one of the oldest human activities that have existed for over two and half millennia. The objective of the research was to assess the challenges of tour guiding in the medieval City of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study with a mixed design was used. Seventyfour guides were included in the quantitative study and key informants were included by purposive sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Tables and texts were used to present the data in triangulation with qualitative results. Of the total respondents, 88 % agreed that there is lack of proper attention from the local authority, lack of job security, absence of proper training and awards of excellence. Also similar proportion has reported lack of commitment, lack of interest and motivation. Lack of adherence to ethical and professional guidelines were major challenges mentioned by 84% of respondents. Overdependence on traditional one-way communication was mentioned by 80% of respondents. Lack of coordination among different levels of stakeholders, unhealthy competition among the tour guides, poor status of tour guides’ wellbeing, absence of proper training were the major challenges of tour guiding in the study area. Conduct continuous revision on the certification of tour guiding in light of inclusive practical skill test, ethical standard and contractual agreement