HAL Réunion (Univ- de la Réunion )
Not a member yet
21812 research outputs found
Sort by
Étude des représentations des sages-femmes sur la consommation éthylique masculine en période pré-conceptionnelle et sur son lien avec les TSAF
No full textIntroduction: FASD are the leading preventable cause of non-genetic intellectual disability. Recent research highlights the potential role of men in the transmission of FASD. The objective of this study was to explore midwives' representations of alcohol consumption by men during the pre-conceptional period and its potential link to FASD. Similar studies were conducted concurrently with general practitioners, pediatricians, gynecologists, and couples of childbearing age.Method: A qualitative study was conducted with midwives in La Réunion, using a grounded theory approach. The target population was recruited randomly, with additional participants recruited through snowball sampling. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. The analysis, using open coding followed by axial coding, led to the development of an interpretive theory.Results: Midwives lacked information about the effects of alcohol consumption in men before conception and FASD, although they recognized its negative impact on pregnancy. Prevention was seen as delayed, mainly addressed once the pregnancy had begun, limiting its effectiveness. The near-total absence of men in pre-conception consultations and their tendency to downplay risky behaviors were major obstacles to awareness.Conclusion: Encouraging midwives to initiate dialogue with the male partner, early identification of the partner's alcohol consumption, adapting preventive messages, and tackling taboos are essential. This study could serve as a starting point to assess the needs of healthcare professionals for potential prevention campaigns.Introduction : Les troubles du spectre de l’alcoolisation fœtale (TSAF) constituent la principale cause évitable de déficience intellectuelle d’origine non génétique. Des recherches récentes mettent en évidence le rôle potentiel des hommes dans la transmission des TSAF. L'objectif de cette étude était d'explorer les représentations des sages-femmes concernant la consommation d'alcool chez les hommes en période pré-conceptionnelle et son lien avec les TSAF. Des thèses similaires sont conduites parallèlement auprès des médecins généralistes, pédiatres, gynécologues et des couples en âge de procréer.Méthode : Une étude qualitative, par théorisation ancrée, a été réalisée auprès des sages-femmes de La Réunion. La population cible a été recrutée de façon aléatoire, puis complétée par la méthode de l’« effet boule de neige ». Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés de manière individuelle jusqu'à saturation des données. L’analyse, effectuée à l’aide d’un codage ouvert puis axial, a permis d’élaborer une théorie interprétative. Résultats : Les sages-femmes manquaient d’informations sur les effets de la consommation d’alcool des hommes avant la conception et le TSAF, bien qu'elles reconnaissaient son impact négatif sur la grossesse. La prévention était jugée tardive, souvent abordée une fois la grossesse commencée, ce qui en limitait l’efficacité. L'absence des hommes en consultation pré-conceptionnelle et leur tendance à minimiser leurs comportements à risque freinaient la sensibilisation.Conclusion : Inciter les SF à ouvrir le dialogue avec le conjoint dans le couple, repérage précoce des consommations du conjoint, adapter les discours de prévention, lutter contre les tabous. Cette étude pourrait constituer un point de départ pour évaluer les besoins des professionnels de santé pour de potentielles campagnes de prévention
How motivation influence physical activity engagement among active older adults: The contribution of identity and habit
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Using a moderated mediation model, the present study investigated whether the mediation of physical activity (PA) habit into PA level via PA identity depends on the levels of both autonomous and controlled motivation among active older adults.Method: A one-month prospective study was conducted among 220 French physically active older adults. They were administrated measures of sociodemographic variables, self-determination, habit, and identity at baseline as well as PA level one month later.Results: PA identity partially mediated the positive relationship between PA habit and PA level. In addition, moderated mediation analysis revealed that PA identity and the interaction between habit and motivation were positively and significantly associated with PA level. More precisely, PA habit was related to PA level only for older adults with both high level of controlled motivation and moderated or high level of autonomous motivation. Conclusion:The results highlighted the crucial role of PA identity in the prediction of PA level among physically active older adults. They also revealed the importance to consider various types of motivations in the maintenance of PA.</div
Conte et problème multiplicatifs : étude des conditions de transfert et des effets d'un dispositif de formation à Mayotte
No full textInternational audienceA training program in solving multiplicative problems is offered to student interns in Mayotte. It combines work on a traditional tale including puzzles and workshops to produce similar problems based on a target problem from the tale. Our research objective is to study the conditions for transferring knowledge about the invariance of mathematical structure. The initial results are encouraging.Un dispositif de formation en résolution de problèmes multiplicatifs est proposé aux étudiants stagiaires à Mayotte. Il combine un travail sur un conte traditionnel incluant des énigmes et des ateliers de productions de problèmes ressemblants à partir d'un problème cible du conte. Étudier les conditions de transfert des connaissances sur l'invariance de la structure mathématique est notre objectif de recherche. Les premiers résultats sont encourageants
Cognitive structure of pre-service teachers on theorem and proof in Mayotte through the free word association test
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the cognitive structures of secondary school mathematics pre-service teachers (PSTs) in Mayotte regarding fundamental mathematical concepts such as theorem and proof. A deep understanding of these concepts is essential for effective teaching practice. To explore this, we employed the free word association test, a methodological tool designed to elicit spontaneous cognitive associations with specific concepts. The research is framed within the theoretical framework of concept image and concept definition as articulated by Vinner in 1991. Participants responded to the concept-stimulus theorem, which elicited nine distinct response categories, while the concept-stimulus proof yielded eight categories. The findings suggest that although PSTs demonstrate a basic familiarity with the notions of theorem and proof, significant gaps in their cognitive understanding persist. For example, there is a notable absence of association between theorem and its logical status as a statement, assertion, or proposition. Moreover, essential terms such as truth, deduction, and validity are not commonly linked to the concept of proof. In light of these findings, we recommend the integration of targeted training on the nature of mathematical statements and proofs within teacher education programs. Such training would aim to strengthen PSTs' conceptual understanding, equipping them to better support students in developing rigorous mathematical reasoning
Overview of French efforts for the innovative characterisation of aerosols and cloud interactions with the future Atmosphere Observing System
No full textInternational audienceAerosols and clouds play a major role in the Earth Climate systems, while the quantification and clear understanding of their variabilities, interactions and feedbacks remain a great challenge. In particular, aerosols strongly impact the energy budget by direct modification of solar and infrared radiation, alteration of cloud properties and their formation processes as well as the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere. Aerosols are also the most harmful air pollutant, being responsible of several millions of premature deaths worldwide each year. Even though diverse observation and modelling approaches of aerosols exist, numerous unknowns remain concerning the chemical and physical mechanisms that affect them, their vertical redistribution in the atmosphere, the quantification of their environmental impacts and their interactions with clouds and convective processes. In order to tackle these major environmental issues at global scale, a new spaceborne Atmosphere Observing System (AOS) has been conceived as an international cooperation between NASA from USA, CNES from France, JAXA from Japan, CSA from Canada and ASI from Italy. This mission is built as a constellation of several satellites following two orbits, a polar orbit with global coverage in the continuity of the A-Train constellation and an inclined designed to document the diurnal variation of convection in the Tropics and mid-latitudes. They satellites will carry new generation active and passive instruments for sounding aerosols, clouds, convection, and precipitation, including an advanced multiwavelength lidar in tandem with a multi-angular polarimeter, whose launching period is planned for 2030.In the current presentation, we will provide an overview of French efforts for the innovative characterization of aerosols and its interactions with clouds for preparing the scientific exploitation of AOS. They gather relevant contributions from 8 French scientific laboratories: LISA, LOA, LATMOS, CNRM, LAERO, LACy, CERI EE and LSCE and a French industrial partner: GRASP-SAS. These efforts are threefold: (i) the development of innovative French aerosol satellite products based on AOS observations, (ii) suborbital measurements for feeding both the aerosol products and conceiving a synergetic exploitation with AOS and (iii) synergism with chemistry-transport models. The AOS aerosol observations will provide a new quantification of the vertical profile of aerosol concentration simultaneously for different particle types and chemical species. This information will be derived from lidar only and the synergism of lidar and polarimeter measurements using a so-called GRASP retrieval approach. Additional products aim the quantification of cloud condensation nuclei for studying aerosols/cloud interactions. The suborbital contribution will characterize aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical properties from airborne, ground-based from several French sites and laboratory instrumentation. While documenting aerosols properties for different aerosol types and species, they provide a scientific framework for studying complex interactions such as the impact of aerosols on convective activity in specific regions. This is the case of the BACCOPA French field campaign aiming the studying of the impact of biomass burning aerosols emitted from Central Africa on convective activity. Finally, synergetic approaches with chemistry transport-models aim the development of data assimilation methods of AOS measurements and the use of these last ones for evaluating their numerical simulations
Marine snow morphology drives sinking and attenuation in the ocean interior
No full textInternational audienceSimultaneous measurements of marine snow (particles larger than 600 µm) morphologies, estimates of their in situ sinking speeds, and midwater attenuation in export plumes were performed for the first time using a biogeochemical (BGC)-Argo float equipped with optical and imaging sensors. The float was deployed and recovered after drifting for 1 year in the sluggish-flow regime of the Angola Basin. Six consecutive chlorophyll a and particulate matter accumulation events were recorded at the surface, each followed by an export plume of sinking aggregates. Objects larger than 600 µm were classified using machine learning recognition and clustered into four morphological categories of marine aggregates. Plankton images were validated by an expert in a few broad categories. Results show that different types of aggregates were produced and exported from the different blooms. The different morphological categories of marine snow had different sinking speeds and attenuation for a similar size, indicating the effect of morphology on sinking speed. However, a typical size-to-sinking relationship for two of the categories and over the larger observed size range (100 µm to a few millimeters) was also observed, indicating the importance of size for sinking. Surprisingly, in situ-calculated sinking speeds were constantly in the lower range of known values usually assessed ex situ, suggesting a methodological effect, which is discussed. Moving away from purely size-based velocity relationships and incorporating these additional morphological aggregate properties will help to improve the mechanistic understanding of particle sinking and provide more accurate flux estimates. When used from autonomous platforms at high frequency, they will also provide increased spatio-temporal resolution for the observation of intermittent export events naturally occurring or induced by human activities
Portraits et représentations sur les inégalités sociales et scolaires des futurs enseignants du 1er degré à Mayotte et à La Réunion
No full textInternational audienc
Gedenkbrücken: Über den Austausch zwischen Überlebenden der Shoah und des Tutsizids in Ruanda
No full textInternational audienceMemorial bridges. On the exchange between survivors of the Shoah and the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda – The article deals with bridges of memory built by survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi of Rwanda towards the Shoah. Autobiographical texts by Esther Mujawayo and Révérien Rurangwa as well as confrontations with the Tutsi genocide attempted by the French journalists Jean Hatzfeld, Patrick de Saint-Exupéry and the illustrator Hippolyte show that a conscious co-memory exists, which could also be described as »confluent memory«. This stands in contrast to »conflicted memory« and is documented in references to texts from Shoah literature and comparisons that seek to de-exoticize the catastrophe of 1994 and incorporate it into the claim of »Never again Auschwitz
"Impfen macht frei": Überlegungen zu Erinnerungsräumen und -konstrukten in Memen westeuropäischer "Corona-Leugner:innen" am Beispiel von Deutschland und Frankreich
No full textInternational audienc
Using artificial intelligence to measure biodiversity
No full textUrbanisation, resource over exploitation, pollution, habitat destruction and climate change are responsible for the sixth mass extinction of species - a global phenomenon that scientists are trying to quantify as much as possible