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    Shedding lights on the diversity and nutritional benefits of small dried fishes in Madagascar

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    One Ocean Science Congress, Nice, FRA, 03-/06/2025 - 06/06/2025Madagascar is renowned for its wide range of aquatic organisms, particularly crabs, octopus and fish. The latter are particularly abundant and are sold in a variety of forms (fresh, salted, smoked or dried) and sizes, ranging from large to small individuals. Small dried fish (SDF) are abundant and omnipresent across Malagasy markets. However, they remain poorly understood in terms of their cultural and taxonomic diversity, as well as their nutritional benefits. As an accessible and affordable food source, SDF could help alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, a major issue in Madagascar. In this study, we explored the diversity and nutritional importance of SDF sampled at 16 markets and 12 towns along the National Road 7, which connects Toliara (coast) to Antananarivo (inland). For that purpose, we combined: (i) a socio-economic survey of 112 vendors, (ii) taxonomic (traditional and molecular) analyses to identify the diversity of fish species sold across 131 batches of SDF, and (iii) nutritional and heavy metal analyses of the 10 most popular batches. We assessed their the potential intake of key nutrients and heavy metals from SDF and contribution to Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and maximum Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI), respectively, considering daily? portions of 10 g for infants (7-11 months) and 20 g for both children (1-3 years) and women of childbearing age (15-50 years). We identified 43,819 individual fish specimens corresponding to 8.1 kg across the 131 batches sampled. These specimens were classified into 233 morpho-species belonging to 110 genera and 61 families, with the Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Poeciliidae families being the most represented in terms of both biomass and abundance. Thirty distinct types of SDF were characterized, of which 19 are commonly consumed by humans, such as the freshwater fish varieties Pirina and Varilava, with appreciation rates of 89% and 83% respectively. SDF are mainly consumed with rice, cassava or maize, and are generally prepared in sauces, fried or mixed with leafy vegetables. Consumption of SDF provides essential nutrients for humans. Across the three population groups, SDF contribute at least 30% of the RDA for selenium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron. For infants, a 10g portion could meet more than 81% of daily calcium and selenium RDA. Most SDF also provide more than 42% of the RDA for iron and 29% for manganese. For children 1-3  and women of childbearing age, a 20 g portion covers more than 100% of the RDA for calcium, selenium and iron, particularly for the Matsiroky, Kalatambo and Ambotsika types of SDF. In all groups, contributions to potassium, copper and zinc RDA were moderate. Vitamin A was not detected in the ten SDF lots, except for a small trace in Ambotsika. Some types of SDF (Matsiroky) exhibited by significant traces of arsenic, cadmium and lead, requiring moderate consumption. This study enhances our understanding of the potential role of SDF in health and nutritional security and identifies the types most likely to improve nutritional outcomes for the population.Key words: Small dried fish, micronutrients, heavy metals, Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), food security, Madagascar

    Use of Recombinant Chikungunya Virus expressing Nanoluciferase to Identify Chondrocytes as Target Cells in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model

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    International audienceChikungunya virus (CHIKV) induces predominantly symptomatic infections, marked by fever, myalgia, rash and polyarthralgia that can last for up to 3 years after infection. Understanding the pathophysiology of CHIKV in the joints is challenging due to limited access to biological samples. Using a reporter virus expressing Nanoluciferase in a mouse model allowed us to monitor viral replication in real-time during acute and postacute phases. We showed viral replication in chondrocyte containing tissue in the metatarsi joints and confirmed with ex vivo analyses viral replication in leg bones and articular cartilages with histological evidence of focal erosive lesions and periarticular inflammation. Moreover, human chondrocytes prove susceptible to CHIKV infection, exhibiting viral production and bioluminescence activity. CHIKV induced apoptosis, the up-regulation of markers associated with cartilage remodeling and altered cytokine production. Our study provides insights into the ability of CHIKV to infect articular cartilages, shedding light on the mechanisms of alphaviral arthritis

    Les politiques du sport aux Seychelles et le reflet de la globalisation sportive (1976-2018)

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    International audienceLibérés de la tutelle coloniale britannique et indépendants depuis 1976, les Seychelles ont progressivement vu naître, se déployer puis se développer des politiques sportives ambitieuses au regard de la conjoncture et des ressources du pays – ceci par l’intermédiaire d’un régime socialiste, non aligné et autocratique mené par France-Albert René (1977-2004), puis sous la présidence de James Michel (2006-2016). En l’espace de quarante ans, la gouvernance sportive seychelloise s’est ainsi penchée sur le maillage territorial des équipements dédiés, l’institutionnalisation du mouvement sportif, la couverture législative de l’ensemble des déclinaisons du sport (haut-niveau, sport pour tous, santé, éducation, loisirs, etc.) ; et a rendu possible l’organisation de deux éditions des Jeux des îles de l’océan Indien en 1993 et 2011 (Violette & Naria, 2025). Ce processus de structuration et d’affirmation des politiques sportives est à la fois corrélé à des enjeux sociaux (identité nationale, aménagement territorial, réformes sanitaires et éducatives, etc.) et des enjeux diplomatiques (intégration régionale, reconnaissance internationale, etc.), dont le sport semble un catalyseur dans les pays des Suds (Jarcie, 2011). Afin d’appréhender la complexité de ces relations multiscalaires, nous proposons d’évaluer ces politiques publiques à la lumière du concept de globalisation sportive et de ses avatars – homogénéisation, hybridation, polarisation (Sage, 2010). La notion postule d’une dynamique de standardisation des modèles sportifs nationaux à l’échelle internationale au cours du Second XXe siècle, sans passer sous silence les résistances et les appropriations différenciées inhérentes au phénomène. Dans cette perspective, à travers le prisme des politiques sportives locales doivent être étudiés le rôle et le poids des transferts culturels, des impératifs normatifs et des influences supranationales dont le sport mondialisé est agent et produit. Pour ce faire, l’analyse repose sur un panel de sources primaires diverses, composé d’archives institutionnelles, législatives et médiatiques (textes officiels, plans stratégiques de développement, fonds du quotidien Seychelles Nation, documentation du CIO, UNESCO, etc.).Ainsi, nous montrerons que l’essor de la gouvernance sportive aux Seychelles s’accompagne d’une standardisation vis-à-vis de modèles dominants issus de l’Occident – modèles parmi lesquels sont centraux les enjeux de rayonnement sportif, d’institutionnalisation, de solidarité et de coopération internationale, ainsi que de développement par le sport. En somme, malgré quelques divergences, c’est une forme d’isomorphisme qui semble s’exprimer à travers les politiques sportives promues dans l’archipel

    Le vécu de l’isolement géographique des habitants de Mafate et son impact sur l’accès aux soins psychiatriques

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    Background : Mafate is a unique environment due to its geographical isolation. Isolation is generally considered a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders. However, among the 800 residents of the cirque, only three Mafate’s patients are registered at the MPC (Medical-Psychological Center). This study explores the experience of isolation and its impact on access to psychiatric care. Method : A qualitative study was conducted with 11 adults born and still living in Mafate, based on an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of semi-structured interviews.Results : Isolation is experienced ambivalently, revealing both protective factors and vulnerabilities. An active lifestyle and the natural environment provide a sense of well-being, reinforced by a feeling of freedom and the avoidance of urban nuisances, while balancing mutual support and autonomy. However, certain challenges persist, including medical logistics, young people leaving for middle school, and issues related to alcohol consumption. Although residents do not perceive themselves as isolated, they express a feeling of being forgotten by public institutions. Conclusion : Isolation in Mafate is perceived more as a choice than a constraint, thanks to numerous protective factors associated with the local way of life. However, certain challenges require better support. Maintaining mental health workshops with the “Coeur de Femme” association and appointing a dedicated psychiatrist are recommended to improve access to care and support residents.Introduction : Mafate est un environnement unique en raison de son isolement géographique. Bien que souvent perçu comme un facteur de risque pour les troubles psychiatriques, seuls trois des 800 habitants du cirque sont suivis au CMP (Centre Médico-Psychologique). Cette étude explore le vécu de cet isolement et son impact sur l’accès aux soins psychiatriques. Méthode : Une étude qualitative a été menée auprès de 11 participants adultes nés et vivant toujours à Mafate, basée sur l’analyse interprétative phénoménologique d’entretiens semi-dirigés. Résultats : L’isolement est vécu de manière ambivalente, révélant à la fois des facteurs protecteurs et des vulnérabilités. Le mode de vie actif et l’environnement naturel procurent un bien-être certain, renforcé par un sentiment de liberté et par l’évitement des nuisances urbaines, tout en équilibrant entraide et autonomie. Toutefois, certains défis persistent, notamment la logistique médicale, le départ des jeunes pour le collège et les problématiques liées à l’alcool. Bien que les habitants ne se considèrent pas isolés, ils expriment un sentiment d’oubli institutionnel. Conclusion : L’isolement à Mafate est perçu davantage comme un choix que comme une contrainte, grâce aux nombreux facteurs protecteurs du mode de vie local. Cependant, certains défis nécessitent une meilleure prise en charge. Le maintien des ateliers en santé mentale avec l’association « Cœur de Femme » et la désignation d’un psychiatre référent sont recommandés pour améliorer l’accès aux soins et accompagner les habitants

    Functional Electrical Stimulation of the Plantarflexor Muscle During Walking Leads to a Proximal-to-Distal Redistribution of Lower Limb Joint Work

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    International audienceObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effects of different conditions of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the ankle plantarflexor muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus, or both combined) during push-off on lower limb joint biomechanics at controlled walking speeds in healthy young adults.MethodsFifteen healthy young adults walked along a 7-meter walkway at controlled speeds under six conditions: bilateral stimulation of the soleus, gastrocnemius, both muscles combined, and matched-speed trials without stimulation. Stimulation was applied below the discomfort threshold during push-off (heel-off to toe-off of the trailing leg). Two force plates and a motion capture system measured lower limb joint biomechanics.ResultsAll FES conditions increased positive (+8%) and total mechanical work (+5%) at the ankle. FES reduced positive knee work (− 10%) and negative hip work (− 5%), although this was significant only for gastrocnemius stimulation alone or combined with soleus. The ankle’s contribution to both positive and total lower limb work increased with FES, while the contributions of the knee and hip decreased regardless of the stimulation condition. Additionally, FES increased ankle plantarflexion angle (13%) and velocity peaks (6%), without affecting spatiotemporal gait parameters at comparable speeds.ConclusionFES applied to the plantarflexor muscles during push-off leads to a proximal-to-distal redistribution of lower limb joint work during walking at controlled speeds in healthy young adults, with subtle differences depending on the stimulation condition. These findings underscore the potential of FES as a solution to redistribute lower limb joint work during walking

    L'interprétation pragmatique des conventions fiscales internationales

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    Évaluation du ressenti sur la prise en charge de la douleur liée à l’endométriose par les médecins généralistes à La Réunion

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    Background: Endometriosis is a common and frequently under-diagnosed condition, causing disabling pain and significant morbidity. The chronic pelvic pain that is often associated with it is a frequent reason for consultation in general practice, and its apparent triviality should not lead to it being underestimated. GPs often feel at a loss when faced with this reason for consultation, given the extent of the symptoms and the need to adapt to the patient. The aim of this study is to explore the feelings and difficulties encountered by GPs in managing the pain of their patients suffering from endometriosis. Method: This was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews conducted by telephone or videoconference using a pre-constructed interview guide. GPs were recruited from the Yellow Pages. Results: Thirteen interviews were carried out. Data saturation was achieved. Most of the GPs in the sample felt comfortable with the initial prescription of medication for endometriosis pain, but encountered difficulties when this failed. Alternative therapies that may be associated with endometriosis appear to be difficult to access and little known, and are therefore often not offered. The position of GPs in the care network is not standard and depends on the skills and habits of each practitioner. However, through their work as general practitioners, they have the listening and accessibility skills that are essential in the management of chronic pain, particularly in the case of endometriosis. Conclusion: This study shows the difficulties encountered in the management of endometriosis pain in general practice and the therapeutic arsenal available for its management. Standardisation of non-medicinal therapies and the introduction of a comprehensive management ap-proach combining medicinal and non-medicinal approaches could help in the management of patients, as well as improving the doctor's experi-ence.Introduction : L’endométriose est une pathologie fréquente, fréquemment sous-diagnostiquée, à l’origine de douleurs invalidantes entraînant une morbidité importante. La douleur pelvienne chronique qui y est souvent associée est un motif fréquent de consultation en médecine générale et son apparente banalité ne doit pas la faire sous-estimer. Les médecins généralistes se sentent fréquemment perdus face à ce motif de consultation devant l’étendue des symptômes et la nécessaire adaptation à la patiente. Le but de cette étude est d’explorer le ressenti et les difficultés rencontrées par les médecins généralistes dans la prise en charge de la douleur de leurs patientes atteintes d’endométriose.Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative par entretiens semi-dirigés à l’aide d’un guide d’entretien préalablement construit réalisés par téléphone ou par visio-conférence. Le recrutement des médecins généralistes a été réalisé à partir des pages jaunes. Résultats : Treize entretiens ont été réalisés. La saturation des données avait été atteinte. La plupart des médecins généralistes de l’échantillon se sentent à l’aise sur la prescription médicamenteuse initiale des douleurs d’endométriose mais rencontrent des difficultés en cas d’échec de celle-ci. Les thérapies alternatives possiblement associées semblent difficiles d’accès, méconnues, et donc souvent non proposées. La place des médecins généralistes dans le réseau de soin n’est pas standard et dépend des aptitudes et habitudes de chaque praticien. Cependant, le médecin généraliste présente, à travers son travail de généraliste, des compétences d’écoute et d’accessibilité indispensables à la prise en charge de la douleur chronique, en particulier dans le cas de l’endométriose.Conclusion : Cette étude montre les difficultés rencontrées devant la prise en charge de la douleur d’endométriose en médecine générale et l’arsenal thérapeutique possible dans la prise en charge de celle-ci. Une standardisation des thérapies non médicamenteuses ainsi que la mise en place d’une démarche de prise en charge complète mêlant approches médicamenteuse et non-médicamenteuse pourraient aider à la prise en charge des patientes, ainsi que l’amélioration du ressenti du médecin

    Violences ordinaires de/dans l'insertion professionnelle des jeunes en situation de handicap à Mayotte

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    International audienceThis study provides a conceptual analysis of the systemic barriers to the professional integrationof young people with disabilities in Mayotte, focusing on their (im)possible agency. A cultural perspective is employed to elucidate the complex dimensions and dynamics underlying the exclusion from professional life. Results reveals that these individuals are perceived in vernacular languages as invisible and hidden, as Djinns, which exacerbates their marginalization. They face convoluted administrative challenges, leading to over-disability. The prevalence of informal work and the importance of family social identities undermine the formation of a professional identity. The conclusion focuses universality versus specificity of exclusion processes in Mayotte, in relation with the French social system. Futures researches on French educational and professional framework could analyze Mayotte’s inclusivity whereas inclusivity in Mayotte.Cette recherche offre une analyse conceptuelle des contraintes systémiques de la difficile insertion professionnelle des jeunes en situation de handicap à Mayotte et leur (im)possible agentivité. La perspective culturelle permet de décrire les dimensions et les dynamiques complexes qui façonnent la violence de la non insertion professionnelle. Les résultats montrent que ces jeunes sont représentés dans les langues vernaculaires comme des êtres invisibilisés et cachés, tels les Djinns qui les (co)habitent pour une majeure partie. Ces jeunes font face à des situations administratives inextricables, encourageant le sur-handicap. Enfin, l’ordinaire du travail informel et des identités sociales familiales entrent en concurrence avec l’identité professionnelle. La conclusion porte sur l’universalité versus la spécificité des processus d’exclusion à Mayotte, en lien avec le système social hexagonal, et le déplacement de l’analyse de l’inclusivité à Mayotte vers l’inclusivité de Mayotte dans le système éducatif et professionnel françai

    Combining AcquireX™ data acquisition and Feature-Based Molecular Networking approach to deeply explore oxidation markers of condensed tannins after depolymerization

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    International audienceFeature-Based Molecular Networking approach is widely used to investigate the composition of complex matrices in various fields, particularly in chemistry. In this research, to investigate oxidation markers of condensed tannins in grape seeds, this advanced approach was combined with a depolymerization reaction with thioglycolic acid as a nucleophilic reagent and an intelligent MS/MS data acquisition using AcquireX™ Deep Scan workflow. Through this innovative combined methodology, 104 oxidation markers were highlighted, including 49 previously unreported. MS/MS analysis revealed dimers and trimers, indicating linkages between extension and terminal units, or both, with oxidation levels from 1 to at least 8. These findings enhance understanding of the structural evolution of condensed tannins, which significantly impact the quality and the stability of tannin-containing products. Moreover, this innovative analytical approach, applied here for the first time, can be extrapolated to other complex tannin-containing matrices, notably wines, offering new possibilities for chemical analysis in biomolecule research

    La Real Hacienda de Lima y las tasaciones de esclavizados, y afrodescendientes, entre mediados del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII

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    International audienceIn America, and in Peru particularly, the men and women of African origin, whether slave or free, became a pretext for taxation by the Spanish Crown, as a marchandise, as an instrument of production and even as a human being endowed with compensatory pretensions, in order to solve not a few problems, the most of them however related to economic and military defense against the greed of foreign countries. Hence the emergency of multiple contradictions from the middle of the 17th century to the first decades of the 18th century that the advisors of the viceroys of Lima tried to reduce, not without many difficulties, sometimes resorting to projects of low profitability and even unrealizable.En América, y particularmente en el Perú, el ser de origen africano, fuese siervo o libre, vino a ser para la Corona española pretexto a fiscalización, como mercancía, instrumento de producción, o ser humano dotado de ínfulas compensatorias, con la finalidad de solucionar no pocos problemas, los más de ellos, sin embargo, relacionados con la defensa económica y militar frente a la codicia de las potencias extranjeras. De ahí el surgimiento, desde mediados del siglo XVII hasta los primeros decenios del siglo XVIII, de múltiples contradicciones que intentaban reducir los consejeros de los virreyes de Lima, no sin muchas dificultades, acudiendo a veces a proyectos de escasa rentabilidad e, incluso, irrealizables

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