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Conflict in Ukraine: Inflections Points after the Zeitenwende and Article 51 of the Charter of United Nations
No full textThe world stands at a juncture of violence where unipolarity ends and multipolarity begins. Manifestations of Western hegemonism, incremental NATO eastward expansion, the proliferation of US military bases overseas and the unilateral resort to force in ways that transgressed the constraints contained in Article 51 of the UN Charter were instrumental in provoking Russia into aggression. The US, as a pioneer in interpreting the right to self-defence widely to include anticipatory and pre-emptive self-defence, resulted in disastrous consequences in, inter alia, Iraq and Afghanistan. US hegemonism became offensive to the non-Western world. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, partially in reliance on collective self-defence in Article 51, partially on mutual assistance contained in Articles 4 common to the Treaties of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance with both Donbas Republics and partially in defiance to the collective West, is geographically reciprocal. A synallagmatic wrong parallel to how the US acted in Iraq and Afghanistan on an ‘if you can break international law, then so can we’ basis
National gender equality and sex differences in Machiavellianism across countries
No full textMachiavellianism is characterized by a focus on self-interest and a desire to achieve personal goals at any cost. Research consistently found that, on average, men score higher on Machiavellianism than women. However, the factors contributing to this sex difference remain unclear. The present research examined whether sex differences in Machiavellianism vary across countries and whether national levels of gender inequality are related to these differences. We analyzed Machiavellianism scores of 56,936 adults across 48 countries. We operationalized gender inequality at national level using two indices (the Gender Inequality Index and the Global Gender Gap Index) and assessed Machiavellianism at the individual level using the MACH-IV scale. Multilevel modeling indicated that men scored higher in Machiavellianism than women, with a larger sex difference in countries with higher levels of gender equality, irrespective of the gender inequality index used. This pattern emerged because women’s MACH-IV scores decreased as national gender equality increased, whereas men’s scores remained stable. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the literature on sex differences in personality and gender equality paradox
\u27De oppasser vertelt\u27: De historische relatie tussen mens en dier door de ogen van een dierverzorger uit Artis: (Vrije Rubriek)
No full textJob van Tol\u27s werk als dierverzorger in Artis Amsterdam staat in een lange traditie. Sinds de oprichting van Artis 185 jaar geleden moeten er mensen zijn geweest die zich ontfermden over de verzorging van de levende dieren in het park. \u27Oppassers\u27 werden ze genoemd. De zoektocht naar zijn voorgangers en hun dieren resulteerde in het boek De oppasser, dat in 2021 uitkwam bij uitgeverij De Geus. Het beroep van dierverzorger levert een unieke kijk op de relatie tussen mensen en dier gedurende bijna twee eeuwen dierengeschiedenis. Hoe werden de dieren verzorgd, en hoe werd er naar ze gekeken? Welke rol hadden dieren in de eerste jaren en hoe rijmt dat met de rol van dierentuinen in de huidige tijd?Job van Tol\u27s werk als dierverzorger in Artis Amsterdam staat in een lange traditie. Sinds de oprichting van Artis 185 jaar geleden moeten er mensen zijn geweest die zich ontfermden over de verzorging van de levende dieren in het park. \u27Oppassers\u27 werden ze genoemd. De zoektocht naar zijn voorgangers en hun dieren resulteerde in het boek De oppasser, dat in 2021 uitkwam bij uitgeverij De Geus. Het beroep van dierverzorger levert een unieke kijk op de relatie tussen mensen en dier gedurende bijna twee eeuwen dierengeschiedenis. Hoe werden de dieren verzorgd, en hoe werd er naar ze gekeken? Welke rol hadden dieren in de eerste jaren en hoe rijmt dat met de rol van dierentuinen in de huidige tijd
Boekbesprekingen
No full textRedacteur Britt Postema bespreekt Philip Matyszak\u27s Goden en godinnen van Hellas en Rome: Van de Olympus naar de onderwereld, en redacteur Robin Hevinga bespreekt Anders dan anderen: Homoseksualiteit op het snijvlak van wetenschap en literatuur, geschreven door Mary Kemperink.Redacteur Britt Postema bespreekt Philip Matyszak\u27s Goden en godinnen van Hellas en Rome: Van de Olympus naar de onderwereld, en redacteur Robin Hevinga bespreekt Anders dan anderen: Homoseksualiteit op het snijvlak van wetenschap en literatuur, geschreven door Mary Kemperink
Udemans’ visie op het zaad van het geloof bij de kleine kinderen van de gelovigen
No full textDutch Reformed minister Godefridus Cornelisz Udemans (1581/82-1649) defends the thesis that children of the covenant should be baptized because, by the Holy Spirit, they have ‘the seed of faith’. Udemans employs this concept to argue 1) that children are not unbelievers; 2) that children progress in their faith, and 3) that this shows the work of the Holy Spirit in believers. Udemans often refers to Beza and argues that the whole Dutch Reformed Church agrees with this concept. The relevance of Udemans’ idea of ‘the seed of faith’, then and now, is the comfort and confidence it provides godly parents in raising their children
Aristocratic Adaptability in Comparative Perspective. Four aristocracies in different times and places
No full textReview of Peter Coss, The aristocracy in England and Tuscany: 1000-1250 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, xiii + 528 pp., index); Nilay Özok-Gündogaň, The Kurdish nobility in the Ottoman Empire: loyalty, autonomy and privilege (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 2022, xi + 368 pp., index); Stephan Malinowski, Nazis and nobles: the history of a misalliance. Translated by Jon Andrews (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, x + 496 pp., index
Amy Carlson, Reading Mediated Life Narratives: Auto/Biographical Agency in the Book, Museum, Social Media, and Archives
No full textIn Reading Mediated Life Narratives: Auto/Biographical Agency in the Book, Museum, Social Media, and Archives, Amy Carlson, leveraging her background as a librarian, delves into the nuanced mediations influencing life narratives, with keen awareness of (im)materiality, (re)formatting, text versions, and the reading experience. Expanding upon Anna Poletti’s insights, Carlson highlights the critical importance of both materiality and mediation in the analysis of (self-)life inscriptions. She emphasizes embodiment as a pivotal concern in life writing scholarship, stressing the significance of understanding auto/biographical texts as objects. By delving into Sarah Kember and Joanna Zylinska’s concept of ‘original technicity’ (2012), which asserts that humans have always relied on external technologies to navigate life, Carlson articulates how human experiences are inherently mediated