Repositorio Institucional Universidad Finis Terrae
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Is PTSD symptomatology a mechanism of emotional regulation? Insights from an interdisciplinary point of view
No full textPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has historically been considered a psychic ailment that is part of a mental disorder. However, it has often been proposed that it could play an adaptive role, in that it would prevent individuals from being exposed to content or situations that they would not be prepared to process. Within the literature on emotional regulation (ER), PTSD symptomatology has commonly been linked to the concept of emotional dysregulation (ED). However, some definitions open the possibility that traumatic symptomatology could be considered ER, from which delicate conclusions would follow. To resolve this dilemma, we turn to interdisciplinary dialogue, specifically with the aid of Thomistic anthropology, whose concepts allow us to understand precisely the relationship between voluntary and involuntary processes and the close relationship between the concepts of reason and regulation. Even though part of the PTSD symptomatology involves psychic mechanisms aimed at modifying emotional states, it is concluded that it is necessary to continue conceptualizing it as ED. The theoretical and practical implications of this discussion are reviewed
Baseline body fat percentage is associated to weight and fat mass gain from high-fat overfeeding over 8 weeks
No full textBackground & aims: Epidemiological data suggest that participants with lower vs. higher body mass index (BMI) resist exposure to the obesogenic environment. To test this, we analyzed the relationship between overfeeding-induced weight and fat mass gains with baseline BMI and body fat percentage.
Methods: In this controlled intervention study, 34 men (age: 26±5 y old; BMI: 25.5±2.4 kg/m2, body fat [DXA]: 19.3±5.1%) consumed for 8 weeks 40% more energy than needed at weight maintenance. The energy costs of weight and fat mass gain were calculated as the 8-week excess energy consumed divided by weight or fat mass gain. Energy expenditure (baseline and after overfeeding) was determined using a metabolic chamber and doubly labeled water. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples.
Results: Body weight increased 7.2±2.1 kg and fat mass 4.0±1.4 kg. There was no statistical association between baseline BMI and weight and fat mass gains. However, baseline body fat percentage was significantly associated with weight (r=0.57) and fat mass (r=0.59) gains. Body fat percentage was also statistically associated with energy cost of weight (r=-0.38) and fat mass (r=-0.40) gains. Metabolic adaptation in energy expenditure (adaptive thermogenesis) was unrelated to the energy cost of weight and fat mass gains. Transcriptomics analysis showed that high energy cost of weight gain was associated with up-regulation of inflammation-related pathways.
Conclusion: Body fat percentage at baseline was inversely associated with overfeeding-induced weight and fat gain resistance. The underlying compensatory response appears unrelated to changes in energy expenditure
A sustainable approach to obtain polyphenols from Chilean wild murta, Ugni candollei B., and Ugni molinae T., using eutectic solvents and advanced extraction techniques
No full textMurta, native to southern Chile, comprises red murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) and white murta (Ugni candollei Barm), traditionally utilized in ethnobotanical medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties attributed to high flavonoid and phenolic acid content. Despite murta’s potential, the combined effects of sustainable extraction techniques—eutectic solvents (ES), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE)—on its polyphenol profile remain unexplored. A comprehensive analysis should quantify extractable polyphenols (EPP) and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP). This study evaluated eight ES mixtures for polyphenol extraction from red and white murta leaves and fruits, optimizing water percentage and feed:solvent ratio. Choline chloride:1,3-butanediol (ChCl:1,3BD) with 30 % water and a 1:10 ratio yielded the highest EPP content, as determined by HPLC-DAD. Among various MAE and UAE conditions tested, MAE at 353 K for 3 min achieved optimal phenolic compound yields, with catechin predominating in leaf extracts and gallic acid in fruit extracts. NEPP fractions, consisting primarily of non-extractable proanthocyanidins, represented 8–19 % of total polyphenols in fruits and leaves. These findings establish a sustainable methodology for obtaining polyphenol-rich extracts from murta and highlight the importance of both EPP and NEPP fractions in enhancing the potential of these antioxidant-enriched food extracts obtained through eco-friendly technologies
Feasibility of using ultrasound for drug delivery through micellar systems
No full textA study of micellar structures subjected to continuous high-intensity ultrasonic perturbation was carried out. The micelles were characterized by high-speed absorption spectrophotometry and the use of fluorophores, such as Rhodamine 123, as a spectroscopic indicator of the micellar kinetic process. It was found that above the critical micellar concentration, the absorbance peak of the fluorophore experiences a 14 nm red shift. Preliminary experiments indicate a reversal of this shift under certain ultrasonic conditions. In subsequent experiments, no effect of high intensity ultrasonic radiation on the micellar systems studied was observed.
A dependence of the spectroscopic response of Rh123 on temperature is found, which can be confused with the effect of micelle breaking in solutions. The study presented considers the use of Quillaja Saponaria Molina and Triton X-100 as a surfactant, but it is extensible to other micellar systems
Transparencia de la inteligencia artificial en la administración pública: Una revisión de estándares internacionales
No full textEste artículo compara estándares de soft law aplicables a los sistemas automatizados por inteligencia artificial (IA) en la administración pública, con el propósito de promover la gobernanza de algoritmos confiables, transparentes, responsables y centrados en los derechos de las personas. La metodología empleada se basa en una revisión comparativa de instrumentos de organismos globales. Se argumenta que, en la última década, la sociedad digital basada en datos ha transformado las interacciones y la toma decisiones, dando lugar a la formulación acelerada de estándares internacionales que influyen en procesos de transformación digital de la administración pública, conforme al concepto de gobernanza algorítmica, que apenas comienza a integrarse en los procesos automatizados del sector público. Se concluye que, a pesar de su rápida evolución, la discusión se ha centrado principalmente en aspectos técnicos, descuidando la garantía del derecho de acceso a una explicación de las decisiones y riesgos asociados al oscurantismo de las democracias. El estudio contextualiza cinco principios indispensables de transparencia algorítmica y destaca, dentro de las limitaciones, que no se puede asegurar que el legislador adopte vía lege ferenda estas recomendaciones porque estos instrumentos cambian vertiginosamente, y además no surten efectos vinculantes. La contribución principal del artículo es proporcionar una visión global y armonizada, instando a los actores políticos a examinar detenidamente la experiencia comparada para impulsar las regulaciones necesarias que permitan incrementar la confianza de los ciudadanos en sistemas automatizados por algoritmos, y la responsabilidad de la inteligencia artificial en la administración pública
Pediatric fluid resuscitation: an oxymoron?
No full textIn conclusion, fluid therapy is vital for caring for critically ill children, but the rationale for employing fluid boluses as a blind blanket treatment for hemodynamic instability requires thorough reassessment. A comprehensive understanding of fluids as a drug in critical care, including a dose, duration, and de-escalation (4D’s defined by Malbrain et al.), is essential, with specific indications and duration (25). A more rational, individualized approach may facilitate the adoption of alternative strategies aimed at minimizing excessive fluid administration and preventing fluid overload (26). As underscored by FernandezSarmiento et al. (13), it is imperative that clinicians systematically assess and clearly document, at least on a daily basis, the current phase of critical illness in each pediatric patient to ensure fluid management is appropriately tailored. Given the mounting evidence highlighting the potential harms and only transient benefits of fluid resuscitation, a precise, individualized, and context-driven approach to fluid therapy is no longer optional—it is essential. Such a strategy is crucial for optimizing outcomes and minimizing iatrogenic complications in critically ill children globall
Influence of Iodine substitutions on the photophysical properties of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with pyridine schiff base (PSB-IHB)
No full textThis theoretical investigation aims to evaluate the influence of iodine substitutions on the phenolic moiety of the pyridine Schiff bases harboring an intramolecular hydrogen bond (PSB-IHB) ancillary ligand within the monocationic. fac-[Re(CO)3(N,N)(PSB-IHB)]+ architecture on photophysical properties, particularly emission range. Optimized structures of two Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes (C1 and C2) were analyzed, revealing a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. Geometric parameters were compared with experimental data from analogous complexes. NBO analysis confirmed the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs) in both singlet and triplet states, providing significant stabilization. Theoretical calculations predicted three distinct absorption bands for all complexes in dichloromethane, indicating substantial electronic delocalization between the pyridinic and phenolic rings via the azomethine group. These findings underscore the crucial role of delocalization and donor–acceptor interactions in stabilizing Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes and their impact on photophysical properties. Emissions calculated for the C1 and C2 complexes were observed within the range of 632–643 nm. The presence of IHBs was found to be essential for modulating photophysical properties, with emissions attributed to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer transitions
Procedimiento infraccional aeronáutico en chile: una mirada crítica a su legalidad y estructura
No full textArtículo Académico (Magíster en Derecho Público: Transparencia, Regulaciones y Control)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2025El procedimiento infraccional aeronáutico en Chile plantea significativos desafíos en el marco del Derecho Aeronáutico y del Derecho Administrativo Sancionador, particularmente en relación con los principios penales matizados como la legalidad, tipicidad y debido proceso. Este procedimiento concentra funciones en la Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil (DGAC), organismo que formula cargos, sanciona y resuelve recursos administrativos. La figura de su director, un oficial activo de la Fuerza Aérea subordinado al Comandante en Jefe de esta rama militar, genera tensiones con los estándares internacionales establecidos por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI) y el Convenio de Chicago, los cuales exigen una estricta independencia entre los organismos encargados de regulación, sanción e investigación técnica, para garantizar imparcialidad y credibilidad. El estudio analiza las tensiones del procedimiento infraccional aeronáutico y explora oportunidades de mejora. Se examina la Ley No 20.477, que limitó la jurisdicción militar sobre civiles, como precedente clave para separar funciones civiles y militares. Además, se destacan prácticas internacionales que aseguran esta separación, promoviendo mayor transparencia y alineación con las exigencias de la OACI. La revisión del marco normativo chileno resulta esencial para fortalecer el principio de legalidad, legitimidad e imparcialidad en el ejercicio de potestades sancionadoras en el sector aeronáutico
Anxiety disorders in chilean adolescents: a study of their relationship with multidimensional poverty at the regional level
No full textIntroduction. Anxiety in adolescents is a common emotional response, but when it becomes chronic, it can have a significant impact on their well-being and development. Factors such as stress, social relationships and family pressures can trigger it, while poverty can aggravate it, creating an even more challenging environment that negatively affects their emotional development. Objective. To analyze the rate of low control of adolescents admitted for Anxiety disorders in the Mental Health Program in Primary Care in Chile during the period 2013 to 2022 and its relationship with Multidimensional Poverty at the regional level. Materials and Method. Ecological study in adolescent beneficiaries of FONASA (National Health Fund), who register being under control in the Mental Health program in the period 2013-2022 for diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders (AT). The rate of adolescents under control was estimated according to sex, region and year per 1000 beneficiaries and regional average multidimensional poverty. Percentage variation (PPV) between 2013 and 2022 and rate ratio (RR) were calculated to evaluate differences by sex. Results. During the study period, 7 out of every 1000 adolescents in the country are under control in the Mental Health Program due to AT, being 2.4 times higher in females than in males (RT = 2.376, 95%CI: [2.21-2.54]). All regions experienced an increase in the rate of AT, except Valparaíso. Araucanía had the highest percentage of population living in multidimensional poverty (24.9%), followed by Atacama (23.1%) and Tarapacá (22.5%), with no relationship with the AT rate (p=0.206). Conclusion. The results show a significant increase of adolescents under control for Anxiety Disorders, being 2.4 times higher in women and generalized at national level. No statistically significant relationship was found between multidimensional poverty and anxiety disorders, suggesting that other factors could be influencing their development
COVID-19 pension raids and sovereign risk
No full textChile was among the nations where the regulations allow individuals to make withdrawals from their retirement savings to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze these quasi-natural experiments using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Stationarity model and event study methodology spanning from March 2020 to April 2021. We find evidence that the first regulatory shock reduces the spread between the ten-year nominal sovereign bond yield and the annual interbank rate and amplify the impact of agent economic perceptions in the short term. These findings are useful for policymakers and investors regarding to adverse repercussions of this the policy on the economy going forward