Repositorio Institucional Universidad Finis Terrae
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Prevalencia y factores relacionados a caries de inicio precoz en niños de la Región de Tarapacá, Chile 2021-2024
No full textObjetivo: Describir la prevalencia y factores relacionados a caries de inicio precoz en niños de la región de Tarapacá, Chile 2021-2024. Materiales y métodos: Estudio ecológico a partir de los registros estadísticos mensuales (REM), del Ministerio de Salud. La población de estudio estudiada corresponde a niños menores de seis años ingresados a atención odontológica en los centros de Atención Primaria de la región. Se estimó la prevalencia de caries de inicio precoz en base al registro del índice cariado, extraído, obturado (ceo-d) mayor a cero, por sexo, edad, área geográfica, comuna y población con pobreza multidimensional junto con variación porcentual anual (VPA) entre año de inicio y término del estudio. La severidad de la caries se estableció con el indicador ceo-d categorizado en cuatro grupos (“0”; “1- 2”; “3-4”; “5” o más”). Para establecer diferencias, se aplicó la prueba Chi2 de Pearson, y el coeficiente de determinación (R cuadrado) para la variación de la prevalencia que se explica por la edad. El nivel de significación estadística se fijó en un valor p < 0,05 y los análisis en Software STATA 14.0. Resultados: Alrededor del 32% de los niños registran caries de inicio precoz, sin diferencias significativas por sexo, sí por edad. La prevalencia de caries se incrementa con la edad (R2 = 0,9673) y es más frecuente en comunas rurales y aquellas con mayor proporción de población con pobreza multidimensional. Se muestra un leve descenso entre el año de inicio y término del estudio (VPA = –16,06%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de caries de inicio precoz es alta en la región de Tarapacá, especialmente en zonas rurales y con mayor proporción de pobreza multidimensional. Si bien se observa una disminución en el periodo de estudio, la caries sigue siendo un problema de salud pública importante que requiere de intervenciones preventivas desde los primeros años de vida
Análisis del procedimiento especial aplicable a los inimputables por enajenación mental en el Código Procesal Penal
No full textMemoria (Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2025La presente tesis tiene como objetivo analizar, investigar e identificar el procedimiento procesal penal de Chile respecto de los enajenados mentales, con el propósito de evidenciar las posibles ventajas, deficiencias y posibles mejoras del procedimiento mismo, como a la protección de sus derechos y garantías fundamentales. Para completar este trabajo de investigación se realizó un pormenorizado estudio sobre la legislación chilena aplicable a los enajenados mentales, de acuerdo al Código Procesal Penal Chileno, el derecho comparado, la jurisprudencia, casos concretos de personas sometidas a este tipo de procedimiento especial y, variados autores que han estudiado el tema indicado. Se concluyó que existe una deficiencia en la normativa y vacíos en cuanto hay un latente riesgo en la salud de los enajenados mentales verificados de acuerdo
al procedimiento, lo cual provoca un riesgo también para la sociedad general. Por tanto, se evidencia que los enajenados mentales son un grupo vulnerable en el ámbito procesal penal chileno, y se abre el debate a la búsqueda de recomendaciones para fortalecer su protección
The role of cellular senescence in endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in arteriovenous fistula maturation
No full textHaemodialysis (HD) is often required for patients with end-stage renal disease. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), a surgical procedure connecting an artery to a vein, are the preferred vascular access for HD due to their durability and lower complication rates. The aim of AVFs is to promote vein remodelling to accommodate increased blood flow needed for dialysis. However, many AVFs fail to mature properly, making them unsuitable for dialysis. Successful maturation requires remodelling, resulting in an increased luminal diameter and thickened walls to support the increased blood flow. After AVF creation, haemodynamic changes due to increased blood flow on the venous side of the AVF initiate a cascade of events that, when successful, lead to the proper maturation of the AVF, making it suitable for cannulation. In this process, endothelial cells play a crucial role since they are in direct contact with the frictional forces exerted by the blood, known as shear stress. Patients requiring HD often have other conditions that increase the burden of senescent cells, such as ageing, diabetes and hypertension. These senescent cells are characterized by irreversible growth arrest and the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This accumulation can impair vascular function by promoting inflammation, reducing vasodilatation, and increasing thrombosis risk, thus hindering proper AVF maturation and function. This review explores the contribution of senescent endothelial cells to AVF maturation and explores potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate the effects of senescent cell accumulation, aiming to improve AVF maturation rates
Current Periodization, Testing, and Monitoring Practices of Strength and Conditioning Coaches
No full textThis study investigated the periodization, testing, and monitoring practices of strength and conditioning practitioners across different levels of coaching experience and sports. Methods: An online survey was completed by 58 practitioners (25 sports/events) from 9 Southeast and East Asian countries. The survey focused on periodization models, programming frameworks, unloading strategies, fitness assessments, and pretraining readiness monitoring. Frequency analysis and chi-square tests were used to assess data distribution and differences. Results: Hybrid (multiple) periodization was favored over a single model for different training objectives (39%–45%), including very short-term training (≤4 wk). Emerging approaches, including flexible programming, were similarly adopted (43%). Program adjustment was primarily driven by athlete feedback (90%), self-observation (78%), and technical execution (74%). Major programming challenges identified were managing fatigue (72%), optimizing training stimuli (53%), specificity (50%), and adherence (47%). Deloading practices (95%) and tapering applications (91%) were common. Physical performance changes were primarily identified from testing (90%) but also athlete/coach feedback (76%), monitoring (71%), training data (67%), and performance data/statistics (62%). Strength assessments were conducted 2 to 4 times yearly (67%) using 1 to 4 exercises (76%). Pretraining readiness was monitored via conversations (71%), wellness tools (46%), and performance devices (31%). Practitioners also utilized monitoring technology, force plates (21%), and velocity-tracking devices (23%). Training load was commonly quantified using volume load (81%) and session RPE (72%). None of the comparisons differed across experience levels and sports types (P > .05). Conclusion: Practitioners adopted multiple periodization models, incorporating flexible approaches. Unloading strategies were commonly applied alongside various assessment methods. Technologies were used for monitoring, but conversational/subjective methods remained more widespread
Development of a smart cloud-based monitoring system for solar photovoltaic energy generation
No full textThe main controllers overseeing both solar panels and loads have all panels connected with sensors. The radiation striking the solar cell determines the power produced and real-time monitoring is crucial to evaluating the performance of a solar photovoltaic system. The emerging Internet of Things provides an opportunity to significantly enhance the monitoring of solar energy output and plant operations. To achieve this, a remote monitoring system is necessary, utilizing the Internet of Things to gather and transmit data. This study aims to utilize the Internet of the Things to monitor solar photovoltaic systems and assess their effectiveness. The monitoring system includes components such as a data gateway, data collection, and presentation for a cloud application. The collected data were stored in the cloud, enabling a visual representation of the sensed parameters. The system achieved a better accuracy rate, with an average transmission time of 53.01 s. The results indicate that the recommended monitoring system allowed users to observe current, voltage, and daylight, which could serve as a viable substitute for smart monitoring of solar energy output and plant operations
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
No full textCellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence
Nutrition and exercise: keys to improving the lives of hemodialysis patients
No full textIntroduction: This study reviews the scientific literature on the importance of diet and intradialytic exercise in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD).
Objective: To analyze the influence of diet and intradialytic exercise on the clinical management of patients with CKD on HD.
Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted in relevant academic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and LILACS. Keywords and Boolean combinations such as "intradialytic exercise", "chronic kidney disease", "nutrition in hemodialysis", and "dietary interventions" were used.
Results: The review provided a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence on the influence of diet and intradialytic exercise in the clinical management of CKD patients on HD.
Discussion: The integration of nutritional interventions and intradialytic exercise significantly improves the functional status and quality of life of patients on HD. However, greater standardization of protocols is needed for systematic clinical implementation.
Conclusions: Adequate diet and regular intradialytic exercise, integrated into personalized and multidisciplinary programs, are essential to improve the health and quality of life of patients with CKD
Inhibition of the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) by phenolics in model systems and beef patties
No full textThe comparative inhibition of the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6- phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) by phenolics in both model systems and beef patties was studied to better understand the protective role of these compounds. Model systems were selected to produce PhIP and MeIQx by carbonyl-amine reactions. Obtained results showed that their formation was inhibited up to 100 % by assayed phenolics. Among simple phenolics, m-diphenols were usually more effective than o-diphenols, and MeIQx was better inhibited than PhIP because m-diphenols both produce the Strecker degradation of amino acids to a lower extent than o-diphenols, and trap acrolein (responsible for MeIQx formation) better than phenylacetaldehyde (responsible for PhIP formation). When complex phenolics were assayed, other groups also contributed to the observed protective function. However, relative inhibitions of both compounds in model systems and beef patties were correlated, therefore suggesting that the formation of PhIP and MeIQx also occurs in beef patties by carbonyl-amine reactions
Leveraging shared variation among traits for the discovery of genetic variants in complex phenotypes such as obesity
No full textIdentifying genetic variants associated with obesity is critical forunderstanding the role of genetics and its interaction with the envi-ronment in the regulation of body weight. Hundreds of genetic vari-ants have been identified so far, mostly associated with body massindex (BMI). Nevertheless, given the complex pathogenesis andthe evolving definition and diagnosis of obesity, exploring traitsbeyond BMI becomes crucial to advancing the field. Obesityresults from a prolonged positive energy balance, during which energyintake exceeds energy expenditure. Therefore, identifying geneticvariants associated with energy balance-related traits should provideadditional insight into the genetic basis of obesity
Functional echocardiography identifies association between early ventricular dysfunction and outcome in pediatric sepsis
No full textObjective: This feasibility study aimed to describe the relation between ventricular dysfunction and outcome in pediatric sepsis.Methods: This prospective observational multicenter study was conducted in two Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). We enrolled 51 patients aged younger than 15 year-old diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. Functional echocardiography was performed by a pediatric intensivist within the first 24 h of admission and blind validated by a pediatric cardiologist. Ventricular dysfunction was defined by the presence of left or right systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. The absence of these findings was considered normal ventricular function. Outcome was assessed by septic shock diagnosis rate, pediatric adaptation of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA),cardiovascular component of pSOFA, PICU-free and ventilator-free days.Results: 29 patients had sepsis, and 22 had septic shock. The main sites of infection were pulmonary (58.8%) and abdominal (17.6%). One out of four had ventricular dysfunction, and this group presented higher frequency of septicshock (69.2% vs. 34.2%, p = 0.028), higher frequency of total pSOFA ≥3 at 24 h (92% vs. 64%, p = 0.04), cardiovascular component of pSOFA (69.2% vs.31.2%, p = 0.017), and fewer PICU-free days [18 [0–23] vs. 23 [18–25],p = 0.027], compared to normal ventricular function group. Additionally, therewere more abnormal tissue doppler measurements, lower ś wave Z-Score[−0.6 [−1.3;0.4] vs. 0.5 [−0.2;1.1], p = 0.01] and lower é wave Z-Score [1.5[−2;0,1] vs. −0.3 [−2;0.4], p = 0.03] in the ventricular dysfunction group.Conclusion: Ventricular dysfunction was associated with more sepsis severity at 24 hours, fewer PICU—free days. Tissue doppler parameters were related to ventricular dysfunction