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Le wargaming analytique en école de management
No full textLa dynamique actuelle du wargaming français ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pédagogiques et de recherche bien au-delà des cadres disciplinaires habituels. Dans ce contexte, notre article propose un retour d’expérience sur un séminaire de wargaming analytique mené à l’IAE Paris-Est
Une lecture sensible de l’entrepreneuring des femmes : entre résonance et subjectivité des crises
No full textInternational audienceDans cette recherche, nous souhaitons discuter de la relation entre les crises et l’entrepreneuriat des femmes en train de se faire pour mettre en évidence la manière dont, parfois, les femmes s’emparent de ces moments instables. Cet article souhaite ainsi donner à voir des relations plus ou moins denses entretenues entre l’entrepreneuring et la crise et répondre à la problématique suivante : En quoi les crises peuvent orienter un devenir entrepreneuse ? Notre objectif est d’offrir une lecture du devenir entrepreneuse, en insistant sur le rôle joué par les multiples crises, qui, au fil du temps, permet de saisir dans l’entrepreneuring les trajectoires et bifurcations entrepreneuriales. Cet article propose de rendre compte de l’importance de la représentation subjective de la crise, dans une perspective processuelle, du devenir entrepreneuse.La posture phénoménologique retenue est justifiée pour explorer deux cas singuliers d’entrepreneuses. La granularité fine de l’étude de ces deux récits met à jour les différentes rencontres, événements au sens deleuzien et crises de leur chemin. Nos résultats de recherche mettent en évidence comment il est possible de composer avec, voire de transcender les crises et se construire en fonction d’elles. Enfin, nous discutons de l'apport de la prise en compte de la dimension temporelle et des trajectoires aux logiques spatiales et sensibles, parfois sinueuses qui se dessinent au fil des heurts et de leur résonance interne, avec les crises.La relation au monde, la subjectivité de l’entrepreneuse permettent de saisir l’amplitude de la caisse de résonance de la crise. Cette lecture subjective du parcours que nous avons cherché à restituer dans les résultats invite à dépasser la lecture statique de l’entrepreneuriat. Elle encourage à éclairer la relation réciproque entre l’entrepreneuse, son environnement et son “rapport au monde” afin de saisir “l’entretissage” de l’entrepreneuring et du devenir entrepreneuse
A Counterfactual View of Intention
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a method to infer intention from observation and specific theoretical assumptions. This approach is grounded in counterfactual reasoning, similar to that underlying contemporary causal research. Causation is not directly observable, but empirical evidence—experimental or sometimes purely observational data—can support causal hypotheses. We propose extending this framework to formally represent interventions upon causal systems by identifying their intended effects. To achieve this, we introduce the concepts of final model and want-operator
Equivalence by coupling for heterogeneous SIS models*
No full textWe consider the optimal allocation of (perfect) vaccine in an heterogeneous SIS model. Using a coupling approach, we explain how different models for the heterogeneity of the population lead to the same Pareto frontier in the cost/loss valuation of the vaccinations strategies. This covers in particular the elementary continuous representation of discrete models and the measure preserving transformation which appears in graphon theory
De la construction d’une légitimité symbolique à la structuration d’un secteur d’activité : le territoire professionnel du podcast natif
No full textInternational audienceThis contribution aims to show how the formalization of the professional world of the native podcast from the mid-2010’s onwards takes place at the crossroads of other professional spaces, first and foremost that of radio. The demonstration is is based on around fifty semi-structured interviews with podcast players, as well as on a study of their public discourse. First, we study the way in which the players attempt to construct the symbolic legitimacy of the podcast as a sector in its own right. We also show the heterogeneity of the trajectories of podcast ‘professionals’, challenging them to find a viable socio-economic model. Finally, we describe the way in which, despite this heterogeneity, the players make common claims, thus affirming their ambition to ‘make territory’.Esta contribución muestra cómo la estructuración del territorio profesional del podcast nativo a partir de mediados de la década de 2010 tiene lugar en la encrucijada de otros espacios profesionales, en primer lugar el de la radio. La demostración es triple y se basa en una cincuentena de entrevistas semiestructuradas a protagonistas de podcasts, así como en un estudio de su discurso público. En primer lugar, estudiamos el modo en que los actores intentan construir la legitimidad simbólica del podcast como sector de actividad de pleno derecho. Asimismo, mostramos la heterogeneidad de las trayectorias de los « profesionales » del podcast, desafiándoles a encontrar un modelo socioeconómico viable. Por último, describimos el modo en que, a pesar de esta heterogeneidad, los actores hacen reivindicaciones comunes, afirmando así su ambición de « hacer territorio ».Cette contribution vise à montrer comment la structuration du territoire professionnel du podcast natif à partir du milieu des années 2010 se fait au carrefour d’autres espaces professionnels, au premier rang desquels celui de la radio. La démonstration est triple et s’appuie sur une cinquantaine d’entretiens semi-directifs avec des acteurs du podcast, ainsi que sur l’étude de la discursive publique de ces derniers. On étudie d’abord la façon dont les acteurs tentent de construire la légitimité symbolique du podcast comme secteur à part entière. On montre également l’hétérogénéité des trajectoires des « professionnels » du podcast, les mettant au défi d’un modèle socio-économique viable. Enfin, on s’attache à décrire la façon dont, en dépit de cette hétérogénéité, les acteurs mettent en œuvre des revendications communes, affirmant ainsi leur ambition de « faire territoire »
Model Updating of Rotating Wind Turbines Using Operational Modal Analysis and Floquet Mode Decomposition
No full textInternational audienceThe structural complexity of modern wind turbines, combined with numerous uncertain or unknown parameters, presents significant challenges for accurate predictive modeling. Model updating, which refines numerical model parameters using measurement data, offers a means to mitigate these discrepancies. While extensively applied to stationary structures, its extension to rotating wind turbines remains limited, as their time-periodic dynamics violate key assumptions underlying conventional methods. This study develops a numerical framework for model updating of rotating wind turbines based on an equivalent Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) approximation, derived through a Fourier decomposition of the system’s Floquet modes. A simplified 5 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) turbine model is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of a deterministic model updating strategy leveraging this approximation. Synthetic vibration data, generated from the model using a predefined parameter set, serve as reference measurements for assessing parameter recovery accuracy. Modal features extracted via Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) are used to construct the cost function that quantifies discrepancies between predicted and observed modes. The results underscore the potential of equivalent LTI representations in facilitating model updating for rotating systems, as they effectively capture the modal characteristics identified via OMA. This study establishes a foundation for extending this methodology to more complex, industrial-scale wind turbine models, provided that the computational cost of model evaluation remains manageable
Improving Bayesian filters for structural health monitoring applications with subspace-based noise covariance estimates
No full textInternational audienceBayesian filters are classic engineering tools for estimating the states and the parameters of a dynamicsystem, often applied in the context of structural health monitoring (SHM) to detect and quantify structuraldamage. The unmeasured inputs, the modelling errors and the sensor noise give birth to the processand measurement noise that perturb the state and output equations, which affects the state estimation andthe subsequent damage quantification. In applications, the noise covariance are generally unknown andtheir values are oftentimes tuned to optimize user-defined criteria that characterize filtering performance.This can be cumbersome and may not always yield the optimal covariance matrices. Optimization andinversion-based methods have also been developed to estimate these covariances, but such methods arecomputationally inefficient. The present paper utilizes an existing subspace-based identification methodto estimate process and measurement covariances, which are then used in a Bayesian inference-basedSHM strategy to estimate states and damage in elements of a structural system. A comparative study ismade to determine the effect of using the estimated covariances on the damage detection efficiency andaccuracy of the SHM strategy
Juan García del Río, caballero andante de la libertad de los modernos (1814-1831)
No full textInternational audienceThis work emphasises the enriching contribution of the history of political exile to global history, highlighting a paradox previously identified by Juan Luis Simal in his book Emigrados: España y el exilio internacional, 1814-1834 (Madrid: CEPC, 2012): the formation of nations in both Europe and America was largely the result of transnational networks of patriots. In this context, the figure of Juan García del Río is worth revisiting. Originally from Cartagena, this character has been poorly treated by historians, most likely due to his anti-republicanism from 1821 onwards. Notably, he was a personal friend of San Martín and Andrés Bello prior to meeting Bolívar, Flores and Santa Cruz. Three periods in the life of this 'cosmopolitan American' warrant analysis. Firstly, we must clarify how he found himself in exile from 1802 to 1818, against his will. Secondly, we must understand how he became a revolutionary between 1818 and 1827, albeit under the banner of the utopian idea of a monarchical Colombia. Finally, the period from 1828 to 1832 is notable, during which he became a messenger of freedom for the Moderns, resulting in his permanent exile from his homeland.Este trabajo realza cómo la historia del exilio político enriquece las proposiciones de la historia global, al destacar una paradoja enunciada con anterioridad por Juan Luis Simal (Emigrados: España y el exilio internacional, 1814-1834, Madrid, CEPC, 2012): la forja de las naciones, tanto en Europa como en América, resultó en gran parte de redes transnacionales de patriotas. En este marco, cabe rescatar la figura del cartagenero Juan García del Río. Un personaje muy maltratado por la historiografía, quizás por el anti-republicanismo que profesó desde el año de 1821 quién fue amigo personal de San Martín y de Andrés Bello antes de actuar al costado de Bolívar, de Flores y de Santa Cruz. He aquí tres secuencias de la vida de este “americano cosmopolita”. Primero, importa esclarecer cómo resultó convertirse en desterrado, a pesar suyo, de 1802 a 1818. Segundo, cabe entender cómo se hizo revolucionario de 1818 a 1827, pero siempre bajo el lema de una utópica Colombia monárquica. Al final, se evoca el periodo de 1828 a 1832, durante el cual se convirtió en mensajero de la Libertad de los Modernos, lo que valió ser proscrito definitivamente por su propia patria.Ce travail met en évidence la manière dont l'histoire de l'exil politique enrichit les propositions de l'Histoire globale, en soulignant un paradoxe déjà énoncé par Juan Luis Simal (Emigrados: España y el exilio internacional, 1814-1834, Madrid, CEPC, 2012) : la formation des nations, tant en Europe qu'en Amérique, résulta en grande partie de réseaux transnationaux de patriotes. Dans ce contexte, il convient d’exhumer la figure de Juan García del Río. Ce personnage, originaire de Carthagène, a été fort malmené par l'historiographie, en raison, très certainement, de l'antirépublicanisme qu’il professa dès 1821. Soulignons à ce propos qu’il fut un ami personnel de San Martín et d'Andrés Bello, avant de côtoyer Bolívar, Flores et Santa Cruz. Trois séquences de la vie de cet « Américain cosmopolite » valent d’être analysées. Tout d'abord, il importe de clarifier comment il s'est retrouvé en exil, malgré lui, de 1802 à 1818. Ensuite, il faut saisir comment il est devenu révolutionnaire de 1818 à 1827, mais toujours sous la bannière de l’utopie d’une Colombie monarchique. Enfin, la période de 1828 à 1832 vaut d’être évoquée, durant laquelle il devint le messager de la liberté des Modernes, ce qui lui valut d'être définitivement proscrit par sa propre patrie
Relative Dose Intensity of Trabectedin and Outcome of Advanced L‐Sarcomas
No full textInternational audienceBackground Trabectedin, which is approved for advanced soft tissue sarcoma management, has a complex mechanism of action, but can be classified as an alkylating agent. The need to maintain a high relative dose intensity (RDI) is not clearly established in this clinical setting. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in five expert centers to compare the progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced L‐Sarcomas (liposarcomas or leiomyosarcoma) according to the RDI calculated over the first three cycles (RDI < 80% and RDI ≥ 80%). Comparisons of patients' characteristics were done using Chi‐2, Fisher exact, and Wilcoxon tests. Associations between PFS/OS and RDI were estimated and tested in Cox models. Results Out of 332 patients treated with trabectedin between 09/1999 and 12/2021, 244 have received at least 3 cycles before progression. Among these 244 patients, the median RDI during the first 3 cycles was 83% (range, 48%–106%), the mean RDI was 81% (±14%) and 106 patients had RDI < 80%. An RDI < 80% was more frequently observed in patients treated in a center with a high volume of activity (82/169, 49%, vs. 24/75, 32%, p = 0.02), in patients who had previously received pazopanib (12/18, 67%, vs. 94/225, 42%, p = 0.04), and in patients who experienced grade 3 neutropenia during the first cycle (56/77, 73% vs. 35/127, 28%, p < 0.001). PFS did not significantly differ according to RDI ( p = 0.08): HR (< 80%/≥ 80%) = 0.79 (95% CI, 0.61–1.03), median PFS = 8.4 months (7.0–9.3) when RDI < 80% vs. 5.9 months (4.4–6.8) when RDI ≥ 80%. We observed no significant difference in terms of OS ( p = 0.53): HR (< 80%/≥ 80%) = 0.92 (95% CI, 0.70–1.20), median OS = 18.2 months (15.6–23.4) when RDI < 80% vs. 15.8 months (13.2–19.7) when RDI ≥ 80%. Conclusion This retrospective study does not support a link between high trabectedin RDI and PFS or OS for advanced L‐sarcoma patients
Peripheral neuropathy during long-term suppressive therapy with tedizolid: a case series
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background and objectives Due to its potentially better long-term haematologic tolerance compared to linezolid, tedizolid represents an attractive option for prolonged antibiotic therapy in complicated/chronic Gram-positive infections. However, there is little information regarding the risk of peripheral neurological toxicity, representing another obstacle to the extended use of oxazolidinones. Reporting neurologic adverse events occurring during tedizolid therapy for chronic implant-associated infections. Patients and methods Patients experiencing tedizolid-associated neurologic adverse events were retrospectively described in a case series. Results Five patients (four males; age range, 65–75 years) receiving tedizolid (200 mg q24h) as long-term suppressive therapy for chronic implant-associated infection presented with peripheral neuropathy. In four cases, tedizolid was used after discontinuation of linezolid for toxicity, including one case of neuropathy. Three had at least one additional risk factor for neuropathy (including two diabetes, one of them with diabetes-related nephropathy). Neuropathic symptoms [paraesthesia (n = 2), worsening of pre-existing neuropathy (n = 2), dysesthesias (n = 1)] appeared after a median of 12.4 (IQR, 8.2–13.3) months of tedizolid treatment. Electromyoneurography (EMNG) confirmed axonal sensory polyneuropathy in all but one patient for which EMNG was still within normal ranges, but compatible with incipient neurotoxicity. Tedizolid was stopped in all patients, three patients required specific treatment for neuropathic pain. At last follow-up [2.4 (IQR, 1–2.5) years from tedizolid discontinuation], clinical recovery from neuropathy was noted in three patients. The two patients with persistent neuropathy symptoms were diabetic; one showed EMNG improvement. Conclusions Prolonged used of tedizolid may be associated with peripheral neurologic toxicity, which should be monitored in at-risk patients