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Inverse optimal control reveals square of muscle power minimisation in post‐stroke gait
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigated how the nervous system controls muscles during post-stroke gait. Muscle forces were obtainedin a previous study using an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model. The closest predictions were obtained in the inverseoptimal control by minimising the sum of muscle powers squared. This objective function, though rarely used in staticoptimisation, may be especially important for understanding abnormal gait patterns caused by conditions like spasticity
The entrepreneurial subject formation ‘under tension’ in a design thinking agency
No full textInternational audienceAs part of recent research into the identities and subjectivities of creative workers, this study examines the performativity of the entrepreneurial subject among creatives employed into an organisation. It is based on Judith Butler’s theoretical framework of performativity and an ethnography conducted in a design thinking agency. The preliminary results reveal that designers must be versatile and possess a ‘team leader’ spirit, which resonates with the autonomy and responsibility dimensions of entrepreneurial discourse (rather than creative discourse). These prescriptions are reflected in the work content through collaborative practices in project teams and with agency colleagues (game-playing, framing, illustrating, setting the pace) involving different digital tools and work processes. Engaging in these practices can lead to tension (stress, frustration, exhaustion) and varies among designers. Some ‘successfully’ embody the entrepreneurial subject, while others are excluded or adopt a more ambiguous position (detachment, resistance)
Au-delà du conformisme : la quête de l’authenticité managériale
No full textOur thesis examines the complex tension between authenticity and conformity within the managerial stratum of the GICIT company, in a context of increased competitiveness. Taking a qualitative approach and drawing on the epistemological foundations of pragmatic sociology, our research analyzes the mechanisms by which top managers negotiate the antinomy between their aspirations for authenticity and the conformist pressures inherent in the organizational structure.The conceptual framework of the study, at the intersection of philosophy, psychology, sociology and management sciences, offers a multidimensional reading of the constructs of authenticity and conformism in the managerial sphere. We have mobilized concepts such as symbolic violence, cognitive and emotional dissonance, and the Foucauldian notion of parresia, to reveal the dynamics underlying this tension.The empirical investigation, anchored in the microcosm of GICIT, describes a range of managerial strategies of adaptation and resistance in the face of these antagonistic forces. The study highlights the ethical dilemmas and psychological challenges faced by managers, while highlighting the organizational repercussions of these tensions.The results of our research highlight the overriding influence of organizational context in the manifestation and intensity of these tensions. They call into question reductive approaches to authentic leadership and highlight the potentially deleterious effects of exacerbated conformism on the capacity for innovation, employee commitment and overall organizational performance.Our thesis offers a critical reflection on contemporary managerial modes of operation and suggests ways of fostering a more harmonious synergy between authentic individual expression and organizational cohesion. In this way, it contributes to a better understanding of managerial issues in companies characterized by their complexity and mutability.Notre thèse examine la tension complexe entre l'authenticité et le conformisme au sein de la strate managériale de l'entreprise GICIT, dans un contexte de compétitivité accrue. S'inscrivant dans une démarche qualitative et s'appuyant sur les fondements épistémologiques de la sociologie pragmatique, notre recherche analyse les mécanismes par lesquels les cadres dirigeants négocient l'antinomie entre leurs aspirations à l'authenticité et les pressions conformistes inhérentes à la structure organisationnelle.Le cadre conceptuel de l'étude, à l'intersection de la philosophie, de la psychologie, de la sociologie et des sciences de gestion, offre une lecture multidimensionnelle des construits d'authenticité et de conformisme dans la sphère managériale. Nous avons mobilisé des concepts tels que la violence symbolique, la dissonance cognitive et émotionnelle, ainsi que la notion foucaldienne de parrêsia, pour révéler les dynamiques sous-jacentes à cette tension.L'investigation empirique, ancrée dans le microcosme de GICIT, décrit un éventail de stratégies managériales d'adaptation et de résistance face à ces forces antagonistes. L'étude met en exergue les dilemmes éthiques et les défis psychologiques auxquels sont confrontés les managers, tout en soulignant les répercussions organisationnelles de ces tensions.Les résultats de notre recherche mettent en lumière l'influence prépondérante du contexte organisationnel dans la manifestation et l'intensité de ces tensions. Ils remettent en question les approches réductrices du leadership authentique et soulignent les effets potentiellement délétères d'un conformisme exacerbé sur la capacité d'innovation, l'engagement du personnel et la performance globale de l’organisation.Notre thèse propose une réflexion critique sur les modes opératoires managériaux contemporains ainsi que des pistes de réflexion pour favoriser une synergie plus harmonieuse entre l'expression authentique de l'individu et la cohésion organisationnelle. Ainsi contribue-t-elle à enrichir la compréhension des enjeux managériaux dans des entreprises caractérisées par leur complexité et leur mutabilité
A data-driven approach to motorcycle type classification using trunk inclination metrics
No full textInternational audienceThe classification of powered two-wheelers (PTW) is traditionally based on technical characteristics such as geometry, engine type, and power output, or on epidemiological aspects including crash rates and injury mechanisms, which often highlight the influence of power, weight, and speed. Impact configurations such as angles, speeds, and impact locations also significantly influence injury severity for the motorcyclist. This paper focuses on motorcycle type recognition using trunk inclination metrics derived from 15,629 trips recorded by In&box devices embedded in motorcyclists' airbag vests. The classification model concentrates on three distinctively motorcycle categories: roadsters, sport bikes and adventure trails, achieving approximately 89% accuracy. This classification performance demonstrates the value of trunk inclination metrics for classifying PTW and highlights potential applications for enhancing rider safety, including adaptive safety systems with personalized airbag activation thresholds and protective gear customized according to the identified motorcycle type and associated riding posture.</div
Plateformes de vidéo à la demande locales: Une valorisation du territoire par les contenus audiovisuels
No full textInternational audienceIn this chapter, we look at local video-on-demand platforms that focus on a particular region. We analyze their editorial policies, business models and local ties. How do they differ from the dominant platforms? Do they have specific features linked to their missions, their territorial roots or the professional universe of the players involved? Do they share similar characteristics? Based on interviews conducted between 2022 and 2023 with the heads of a dozen platforms, this chapter identifies three distinct operating models: the archive, the videoclub and media communication. Secondly, we uncover a set of shared socio-economic characteristics: local platforms pursue the objective of transmitting local audiovisual heritage; they rely on cooperation and mutualization; they are inseparable from a public service economy and the development of territorial marketing; they pay little or nothing to rights holders; they often face similar difficulties in their development.Dans ce chapitre, nous nous intéressons aux plateformes de vidéo à la demande locales, focalisées sur une région particulière, en nous interrogeant sur leur politique éditoriale, leur modèle économique et leurs liens avec le territoire. En quoi diffèrent-elles des plateformes dominantes ? Ont-elles des spécificités liées à leurs missions, à leur ancrage territorial ou à l’univers professionnel des acteurs en présence ? Présentent-elles entre elles des caractéristiques communes ? À partir d’entretiens réalisés entre 2022 et 2023 auprès des responsables d’une douzaine de ces plateformes, ce chapitre identifie trois modèles de fonctionnement distincts : l’archive, le vidéoclub et la communication médiatique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous mettons au jour un ensemble de caractéristiques socioéconomiques partagées : les plateformes locales poursuivent des objectifs de transmission du patrimoine audiovisuel local ; elles misent sur des formes de coopération et de mutualisation ; elles sont indissociables d’une économie de service public et du développement d’un marketing territorial ; elles rémunèrent peu ou pas les ayants droit ; elles rencontrent des difficultés souvent similaires dans leur développement
ALMOST SURE GLOBAL NONLINEAR SMOOTHING FOR THE 2D NLS
No full textIn this article, we prove an almost-sure global in time nonlinear smoothing effect for NLS on the two-dimensional torus. For deterministic data, this phenomenon was proved for the NLS on the circle by Erdo\u{g}an--Tzirakis, which remains unknown on multi-dimensional torus. Our argument is based on a quantitative quasi-invariance of Gaussian measures with covariance operator for s>2
Sharp Interface Two-Fluid Modelling of Heat & Mass Transfer in Stefan Flows
No full textInternational audienc
