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Hybrid Denoising of B-Scan UWB Radar Data Using Higher-Order Statistics and Wavelet Shrinkage
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces a novel hybrid approach for noise reduction in B-scan UWB radar data, specifically designed for the detection of cyclists, pedestrians, and cars. The proposed method integrates Higher-Order Statistics (HOS) with Wavelet Shrinkage Denoising (WSD) to enhance signal quality and improve detection accuracy. The effectiveness of this hybrid approach is evaluated against widely used noise removal methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and the individual use of WSD and HOS. A quantitative analysis based on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) demonstrates that the HOS-WSD combination outperforms the other methods in terms of noise reduction. These results highlight the superiority of the hybrid approach and its potential to enhance the robustness of UWB radar detection systems
Why are SDHI pesticides of concern to beekeepers and scientists?
No full textInternational audienceResults show that SDHIs pose a significant threat to pollinators, biodiversity and public health. Given that mitochondrial dysfunction at the level of succinate dehydrogenase can lead to serious diseases such as neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer, it is imperative to better assess the toxicity of SDHIs at low doses and over the long term. Our findings also show that maximum residue limits (MRLs) should be reduced to offer better protection. As SDHIs are frequently used in combination with other fungicides, such as triazoles and strobilurins (e.g., straw cereals), it is necessary to promote alternative methods to reduce the use of SDHIs
Quand la politique s’ancre dans le local
No full textInternational audienceQue l’on soit parents d’élèves, gilets jaunes, ou personnes au chômage, pourquoi, comment se mobilise-t-on ? Pour comprendre comment lapolitique se « relocalise », il faut croiser deux histoires. D’un côté, celle des personnes mobilisées. De l’autre, celle des contextes locaux, où les rapports de force structurent les mobilisations
Mesure de risque en fiabilité pour l'ingénierie : comparaison, dualité et prise de décision
No full textInternational audienceIn order to guarantee the reliability of industrial systems, statistical studies can be carried out on a variable of interest, Y , or, more precisely, on a risk measure computed based on this variable. This article studies and compares different risk measures, on the one hand, according to their theoretical properties, and, on the other hand, according to their numerical estimation. In particular, a distinction is proposed between risk measures homogeneous to the variable of interest Y (margin, quantile, and superquantile) and risk measures homogeneous to a probability (failure and buffered failure probability). More specifically, a duality between these two categories is developed, showing the equivalence of using a Y -homogeneous risk measure with a dual, homogeneous, [0, 1]-homogeneous risk measure. Finally, a non-asymptotic statistical framework is proposed for decision-making using these risk measures. The latter can be used in practice in the case where the considered risk measures are the probability of failure and the quantile, and is equivalent, under one assumption, to a quantile estimation using the Wilks' method.Afin de garantir la fiabilité de systèmes industriels, des études statistiques peuvent être menées vis-à-vis d'une variable d'intérêt Y , ou, plus exactement, sur une mesure de risque calculée à partir de cette variable. Cet article étudie et compare différentes mesures de risques, d'une part selon leurs propriétés théoriques, d'autre part selon leur estimation numérique. En particulier, une distinction est proposée entre des mesures de risque homogènes à la variable d'intérêt Y (marge, quantile et superquantile) et des mesures de risque homogènes à une probabilité (probabilité de défaillance et probabilité de défaillance amortie). Plus précisément, un principe de dualité entre ces deux catégories est développé, et permet de montrer l'équivalence d'utilisation d'une mesure de risque homogène à Y avec une mesure de risque duale homogène à une probabilité. Enfin, un cadre statistique non asymptotique est proposé pour aider à la prise de décision avec des mesures de risques. Ce dernier est utilisable en pratique dans le cas où les mesures de risque utilisées sont la probabilité de défaillance et le quantile, et est équivalent, sous une hypothèse, à l'estimation d'un quantile par la méthode de Wilks
Detecting Notational Errors in Digital Music Scores
No full textInternational audienceMusic scores are used to precisely store music pieces for transmission and preservation. To represent and manipulate these complex objects, various formats have been tailored for different use cases. While music notation follows specific rules, digital formats usually enforce them leniently. Hence, digital music scores widely vary in quality, due to software and format specificity, conversion issues, and dubious user inputs. Problems range from minor engraving discrepancies to major notation mistakes. Yet, data quality is a major issue when dealing with musical information extraction and retrieval. We present an automated approach to detect notational errors, aiming at precisely localizing defects in scores. We identify two types of errors: i) rhythm/time inconsistencies in the encoding of individual musical elements, and ii) contextual errors, i.e. notation mistakes that break commonly accepted musical rules. We implement the latter using a modular state machine that can be easily extended to include rules representing the usual conventions from the common Western music notation. Finally, we apply this error-detection method to the piano score dataset ASAP. We highlight that around 40% of the scores contain at least one notational error, and manually fix multiple of them to enhance the dataset's quality
Circular Economy and Urban Gardens: Formulations of Local Inorganic and Organic Waste to Minimize Harmful Trace Elements Exposure and Pollution
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Intersectionality of Gender and Travel Mode in Risky Behaviors: A Study Across 39 Countries
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Par-delà l’anthropocène. Projeter l’infrastructure comme relation socio-politique au vivant
No full textInternational audienceTimes of crisis call into question the value of the infrastructure that supports our worlds – its materiality, its arrangements, its representations. Symptoms of an Anthropocene whose critical perspective provides a prism for analysis, they reveal the divergences of infrastructural futures. In order to envisage the project of habitability on Earth, we must seek to understand what the Anthropocene controversy, in its current state and beyond, does to infrastructure as a problem of the contemporary world, heir to thermo-industrial modernization, and a promise of a future coexistence of societies with living beings. The article explains the reasons and temporalities that shape the Anthropocene and, in doing so, examines conceptions of “strong” infrastructure. It proposes to reverse the perspective from the strong to the weak in order to reconsider infrastructure dialectically, conceived not as the dominant structure of human activity but as the foundation of the socio-political relationship with the living, beyond or (entirely) against the Anthropocene. This direction outlines an agenda for a project practice that articulates the knowledge and professions of the Landscape Territory. In support of this position, three urban situations are examined that mobilize the figure of the park as infrastructure.Les temps de crises interrogent la valeur des infrastructures qui soutiennent nos mondes - leurs matérialités, leurs agencements, leurs représentations. Symptômes d’un anthropocène dont la perspective critique constitue un prisme d’analyse, ils manifestent les divergences des futurs infrastructurels. Pour envisager le projet d’une habitabilité terrestre, il convient de s’attacher à saisir ce que la controverse de l’anthropocène, dans son état et son dépassement, fait à l’infrastructure, comme problème du monde contemporain héritier de la modernisation thermo-industrielle et promesse d’une coexistence à venir des sociétés avec le vivant. L’article explicite les raisons et les temporalités qui façonnent l’anthropocène et ce faisant travaillent les conceptions de l’infrastructure « forte ». Il propose de renverser la perspective du fort au faible pour reconsidérer l’infrastructure de manière dialectique, conçue non comme la structure dominante de l’activité humaine, mais comme le socle de la relation socio-politique au vivant, au-delà ou (tout) contre l’anthropocène. Cette direction esquisse un agenda pour une pratique du projet qui articule les savoirs et les professions du Landscape Territory. À l’appui de cette position, trois situations urbaines qui mobilisent la figure du parc comme infrastructure sont évoquées