OJS PUSC (Pontifical University of the Holy Cross)
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    In memoriam Javier Hervada

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    La laicità nel XXI secolo

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    Derecho y relaciones iglesia - sociedad civil

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    Church-State Relations is a subject that is part of the official curriculum of Canon Law Schools, where it has come to replace the Ius Publicum Externum, from which it in part has inherited its theoretical apologetic character of affirming and defending the freedom of the Church in the fulfillment of her mission. It is typically presented as a canonical subject, yet without specifying its sources, its content or its objectas a science, and thus it is worth asking whether it is indeed a legal matter and, if so, what kind of a right it is. This article addresses the question of the scientific and didactic status of the subject, in the context of the past and the present of Church-State relationships. Current positions on the matter turn to the magisterium of the Second Vatican Council, in particular Lumen gentium, Gaudium et spes and Dignitatis humanae. Some however take into account that the CIC has maintained a considerable number of the iura nativa thatin the Code of 1917 were attributed to the Church as a societas iuridice perfecta, a concept left behind by the conciliar ecclesiology Others, while affirming the juridical nature and scientific autonomy of thesubjectRelaciones Iglesia-Estado es una asignatura que forma parte del currículo oficial de las Facultades de Derecho canónico, donde ha venido a sustituir al Ius Publicum Externum, del que ha heredado en parte el carácter teórico apologético de afirmación y defensa de la libertad de la Iglesia en el cumplimiento de su misión. Se la suele presentar como una materia canónica, sin precisar cuáles sean sus fuentes, su contenido ni su objeto como ciencia, por lo que cabe preguntarse si es una materia jurídica y en caso afirmativo de qué derecho se trata. En este artículo, al hilo de la historia y del presente de esas relaciones, se plantea la cuestión del estatuto científico y didáctico de esta materia. Las elaboraciones actuales se remiten al magisterio del Concilio Vaticano II, en particular Lumen gentium, Gaudium et spes y Dignitatis humanae. Algunas sin embargo tienen en cuenta que el CIC ha mantenido no pocos de los iura nativa que en el Código de 1917 se atribuían a la Iglesia en cuanto sociedad jurídica perfecta, concepto que se puede considerar superado por la misma eclesiología conciliar.

    Padovani, A., Quadri da una esposizione canonistica

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    In memoriam Javier Hervada

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    Il problema della configurabilità della responsabilità oggettiva delle diocesi e degli ordini religiosi per gli abusi sessuali commessi dai loro chierici e religiosi

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    Liability ex article 2049 of the Italian Civil Code (C.C.) is based on the benefit deriving from the activity of a third party. This predicate must lead to exclude that strict liability might apply to who pursues solidarity purposes (the absence of a profit purpose is not enough), as prescribed by article 2 of the Italian Constitution. The peculiar solidarity purpose of the cura animorum (care of faithful) impedes applicability of the principle of strict liability in ecclesiastical hierarchical relationships, unless the damage is caused outside of the Church pastoral and charitable activity.La responsabilità dell’art. 2049 c.c. si caratterizza per il fondamento utilitaristico del vantaggio ricavato dall’altrui attività, che accomuna tutte le principali ricostruzioni dell’istituto. Ciò deve indurre ad escludere che la responsabilità oggettiva possa configurarsi in presenza di soggetti che perseguono finalità “altruistiche” (non basta l’assenza del fine di lucro) e, più precisamente, solidaristiche, in attuazione del dovere inderogabile sancito dall’art. 2 Cost. La peculiare natura solidaristica della cura animarum, impedisce di dare accesso alla regola della responsabilità oggettiva nelle relazioni gerarchiche ecclesiastiche. Tranne che il danno venga arrecato al di fuori dell’attività pastorale e caritatevole della Chiesa

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