University of Ibadan Journals
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Air and heavy metal pollution around a steel foundry in Ogijo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Get PDFA whole range of bye-products from industries such as steel plants and metal processing facilities create serious pollutionto the environment, with negative health implications. In this study, we examined environmental pollution around AfricanSteel Foundry in Ogun State, Nigeria. Air sampling was carried out using Land Duo Multi gas monitor to determine airpollutants such as Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrous oxide(NO), Nitrous oxide and Nitrogen dioxide (NOx), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2). Thirty soil and plantsamples were collected from Steel Foundry. Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, Ni and Pb) weredetermined in both soil and plant (cassava, pawpaw and maize leaves) samples using an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS). The results show that total suspended particulate matter (TSP) ranged from 123.46 ?gm–3-353.74 ?gm–3, while CO,CO2, NO, NOx, H2S, and SO2 ranged from 3.20-13.33 ppm, 3.55-5.04 ppm, 1.36-5.69 ppm, 2.02- 8.50 ppm, 0.96-1.93 ppm and1.63-3.96 ppm respectively. Some of these values exceeded the USEPA guideline limit of clean air. Mean concentrations ofFe, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni found in the plants and soils were below WHO guideline limit of heavy metals. The results revealedthe high concentration TSP, NO, and SO2 which may lead to health risk after long time of exposure and also accumulationof these metals overtime may lead to contamination of the agricultural soils which eventually pose threat to organisms thatfeed on the plants
Subsistence of four bacteria isolated from Nigerian aquaculture farms on oxytetracycline
No full textThe ability of 147 oxytetracycline (OTC)-resistant bacteria isolated from aquaculture ponds in Ibadan, Nigeria, to subsiston OTC as a source of nutrient for growth was investigated in this study. Four bacteria identified by 16S rDNA sequencingas Bacillus pumilus Aa8, Bacillus pumilus Ab11, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Ng7 and Klebsiella pneumoniae Nf6utilised 4.8, 13.1, 16.5 and 19.0 % of the OTC supplied in the growth medium in 72 hours with degradation rates of 8.0, 21.8,27.5 and 31.7 ?g/day respectively. The results showed that bacteria capable of subsisting on tetracycline (TET) antibioticsare present in the environment. However, the risk of possible transfer of resistance determinants to other environmentalbacteria by these strains is a disincentive to their use in the clean-up of antibiotic contaminated ecosystems
Facies model building of integrated multiscale data in Dn-Field, Onshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study employs 3D Post-Stack Time-Migrated seismic data from the DN-Field, within the Coastal Swamp depobelt ofthe Niger Delta in predicting lithofacies and fluvial facies of OVK-1 sand bodies in the Agbada Formation, as a tool toidentify new drillable prospects. A lithofacies model for OVK-1 reservoir sand body was generated after upscaling usingMost Of, as the averaging method. Calibrated by fluvio-facies at the well locations, channel sands were identified in OVK-1 reservoir interval using Stochastic Sequential Indication Simulation (SSIS) algorithm. Based on lithofacies, fluvial faciesand biofacies analyses, a terrigenous and shallow fluvio-deltaic fill within a lowstand system tract was evident. Petrophysicalproperties including porosity, volume of shale and effective porosity were upscaled, guided by facies model and thenStochastic Gaussian Simulation (SGS) algorithm was used to produce the model. Porosity model predicted sand layershaving maximum porosity of 27.5% which implied very good reservoir potential. However, the volume of shale model withvalues from 0.45 to 0.50 incorporates silt and clay and indicates marginal reservoir potential. The study identifies fourpotential reservoir intervals with thickness ranging from 9.1 to 38.5 m. The effective porosity in OVK-1 ranges from 0.10 to0.30 and identified fluvial facies such as floodplain, channel sand, levee and crevasse splay sand. Facies model show agood sand distribution with minor shale localized in the western part of the Field. The central part of the model has goodreservoir qualities, evident by low volume of shale values and high porosities. This study helps to identify a potentialunexplored drillable prospect on OVK-1 sand body south-west of DN-2 well. Successful drilling of the identified prospectcould increase the reserve of the Field
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDINAL CHARACTERISTIC AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMME AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN.
Get PDFThe emergence and acceptance of distance education as an alternative higher educational delivery has made it imperative to ensure the success of students in the programme for it to remain relevant in the educational system. This is contingent on the fact that the standard of the programme can be judged by students’ academic performance. Attitude has been seen as very critical to the attainment of individual’s endeavour. This study therefore explored the predictive power of students’ attitudinal characteristic on academic performance. It provided a causal explanation to distance learners’ academic performance through the analysis of students’ attitudes towards distance learning at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design of ‘ex-post facto’ type. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the University of Ibadan’s Distance Learning Centre. Data were collected through questionnaire during the 2009 contact session. Two research questions and hypotheses each were answered and tested in the study. Pearson correlation, regression analysis and T-test were employed for data analysis. Students’ attitude towards distance learning has significant contributions to academic performance. On students’ attitudes towards distance learning, gender made significant difference while age did not. Students should always display positive attitudinal dispositions towards distance learning
SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE LABORATORY ACCIDENTS: WHO IS LIABLE?
Get PDFSchool science laboratory accident is a common feature in most schools at all levels of our educational system. The accidents usually occur during science activities and it could be simple accidents, such as minor cuts or it could be very serious ones such as ingestion of dangerous chemicals, explosions, fire and electric shock. This study examined the various causes of laboratory accidents and who should be liable for such accidents. It also examined the position of the law as regards negligence on the part of both teachers and students. Reported cases that illustrate liability of science teachers due to their negligence during science activities were cited. Also, decided cases on contributory negligence of science students were reported. Finally, the implications of science laboratory accident liability were discussed and suggestions on how to make science laboratory safe for learning were made
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ACCESS AND UTILIZATION OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN AN AFRICAN UNIVERSITY
Get PDFThe inadequate provision of e-learning technologies has hindered adequate access to technologies in most universities in Nigeria; hence this study investigated the extent to which e-learning technologies are provided and used in Tai Solarin University of Education. The survey research design was adopted in this study. Four Departments was selected from the University, one from each of the colleges available in the University. 100 out of all the 400 Level students in the four sampled schools were randomly selected, that is, 25 from each of the four short listed Departments. The main instrument used for the data collection is a checklist type of questionnaire designated ‘E-learning Technologies Access and Utilization Questionaire (ETAUQ)’. The Cronbach alpha technique was used to validate the instrument. An exercise which yielded a reliability co-efficient of 0.87. The percentage was the statistic that was used to analyse the data. Results showed that the undergraduate students do not have adequate access to e-learning technologies. Their utilization rates were very low. Whenever the curriculum shifts to incorporate the use of e-learning facilities for teaching, these facilities will be grossly inadequate access. The University authority should initiate the review of all the curricula, as there is a need to incorporate the application of e-learning technologies to teaching and learning. The University should increase the number of hours from six hours to maybe 12 hours or even more. The University should also introduce those e-learning technologies that are not available for the students at all times. This will compel learners to improve their literacy and utilization levels.
 
PSYCHO-SOCIAL PREDICTORS OF SERO-STATUS DISCLOSURE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN IBADAN
Get PDFIt is evident that disclosure of HIV test results is important for effective treatment, support and care of persons living with HIV/AIDS. Disclosure of test results can be an effective action because it can facilitate the prevention of HIV transmission to sexual partners. In this light, it is important to encourage intervention programmes that promote VCT and disclosure of test results. These programmes can be effectively promoted only if people know the factors as well as the circumstances under which people show their test results to others. Although there are many people who voluntarily take an HIV test and who may also show the results of their test to others, no systematic studies have been carried out to thoroughly understand the dynamics that characterize the nature of disclosure. This study therefore sought to investigate the influence of HIV stress, locus of control and social support on serostatus disclosure among PLWAs.
The study adopted a descriptive survey method. Two hundred PLWAs voluntarily participated in the study. Four research instruments were used to elicit data from the participants. These include HIV stress scale, locus of control scale, social support scale and serostatus disclosure scale. Two research questions were answered using multiple regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance.
The result of this study found that the linear combination of the effect of HIV/AIDS Stress; Social Support; Health Locus of Control; on HIV/AIDS status disclosure was significant (F = 29.239, df = 3,196, P < 0.05). The total variation accounted for by the independent variables was .299 (30%).
It was observed that each of the independent variables had varying contributions to the dependent variable. While HIV/AIDS stress had (b = 178, P <.05), Social Support had (b = .459, P <.05) and Health Locus of Control (b = .052, P >.05). Thus, while HIV/AIDS Stress and Social Support were found individually significant, Health Locus of Control was not.
These findings were discussed and recommendations made, principal among which is that there is the challenge and urgent need to create a climate within families, communities and institutions in Nigeria where people feel safe and encouraged to self-disclose
URGENT ATTENTION FOR SUSTAINABLE REFORMS IN FINE AND APPLIED ARTS EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Get PDFAll over the world we are experiencing changes in every aspect of life. In Nigeria, there had been changes in all aspects of economy of which education is inclusive. Nigeria, in order to move with the rate of changes, had adopted various means in education sector in the new scheme of events. Fine and Applied Arts education which is one of the courses of study in Vocational and Technical Education should not be left out. There is need for sustainable reforms in this field of study that will meet the needs of this present age. This paper therefore looked at sustainable reforms in Fine and Applied Arts Education. Simple meaning, branches and importance of arts were not left out. Brief history of art education in Nigeria and current problems facing it were dealt with. Suggestions/recommendations were made on how there could be sustainable reforms in Fine and Applied Arts Education in Nigeria
A SOCIAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT HYPOTHESIS
Get PDFAt the core of most organizational theories is the hypothesis that “normally the worker and the organization appear to be constantly at war”. This paper examined the pertinence and the veracity of this hypothesis using the social systems analysis popularly referred to as the theory of human behaviour in organizations developed by Jacob Gentzel’s and Egon Guba in 1957. The paper showed an understanding and appreciation of the critical question of fitness which poses, in many ways, one of the critical dilemmas of administration. It is not enough to know only the nature of the roles and of the expectations but it is also important to know the nature of the individuals inhabiting the roles and reacting to the expectations as well. While human needs may be described as great, the expectations of the organization can be perceived to be too much. There appears to always be a problem with the organization roles and expectation on the one hand and the satisfaction of personal needs on the other hand. Theoretically, the individual and the organization (Church, workplace, family) can be perceived to be are” constantly at an endless war” due to roles and personality. It is obvious there are some needs you must suppress to satisfy the expectation or job demand. Thus, a worker either “kills” his personal needs to meet public expectation or completely forgo his job in order to satisfy his needs disposition. The paper posits that effective manager must ensure a balance between the organization and the worker to avoid tension such that the organization would not “kill” the worker and the worker will also not “exploit” the organization. The tenets of social behaviour requires that a person does things in the right, good and positive way always
EFFECTS OF GENDER ON PRE-SERVICE SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS’ ICT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Get PDFInformation and communication technology (ICT) is now embedded in the pre service curricula. It however appears that not much attention has been given to the teaching and learning process. A few studies have reported findings on knowledge, attitude and skills of students in ICT at higher education but little have been known about the gender difference. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of gender on pre-service social studies teachers’ ICT learning outcomes in South Western, Nigeria. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were adopted for sample selection. One hundred and eighty-six (186) National Certificate of Education (NCE) part two students were selected for the study. Three null hypotheses were tested in the study. The instruments used for the study are information communication technology knowledge test (ICTKT), information communication technology attitude scale (ICTAC) and information communication technology skills and laboratory (ICTSLT). The results of the study showed that male pre-service social studies teachers had better knowledge, attitude and skills of ICT issues than their female counterparts. It is recommended that particular attention should be given to female social studies pre service teachers in ICT