University of Ibadan Journals
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The Proximate Analysis and Functional Properties of Fermented Tiger Nut (Cyprus esculentus lativum)
Get PDFThe tiger nut belongs to the family cyperaceous and to the order cyperales. It is worldwide in distribution. The proximate values and functional properties of fermented Tiger nut (Cyperus esculents lativum) were determined. The mean values obtained were significantly different (P < 0.05) in the range of protein (8.66 – 10.65), moisture content (19.0 – 33.6%) dry matter (81 – 66.4%) ash content (2.39 – 18.4%), fibre (14.67 – 10.48%), and crude fat (25.94 – 20.26%). Also, the value of hose bulk density, packed bulk diversity, gelation capacity, oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity were 59.08 – 53.72 g /ml and 18 - 22g /ml respectively. The result for sensory parameters ranged from 6.96±0.00 to 7.63±0.29. All the parameters were scored higher than five, which is the minimum sort acceptable in a 9-point hedonic scale. The production of bread from fermented Tiger nut enables diversity of use, and provides affordable and nutritious food
Spatio–Temporal Clustering of Malaria Morbidity in Nigeria (2004-2008)
Get PDFMalaria is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Many studies exist on the geographical patterns of malaria infection in different parts of the world. However, little is known on the spatial heterogeneity of malaria in Nigeria, where it is one of the principal sources of illness and death. Understanding its spatio-temporal dynamics would be helpful in the design of effective location-specific malaria prevention and control programmes. The aim of the study was to analyse the spatio-temporal patterns of malaria morbidity in Nigeria, and identify climatic, environmental and socioeconomic risk factors underlying these patterns. Data used in this study included malaria cases from year 2004 to 2008, ground elevation, forest cover, wetlands, urbanisation, poverty, temperature, rainfall, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and humidity. Spatial analytical techniques such as Global Moran’s I and Anselin’s Moran I were used to determine the degree of spatial clustering of malaria and detect malaria hotspots respectively for each year. Spatial distribution of malaria were mapped at the state level. There was significant clustering of malaria in 2006 and 2008. The spatio-temporal cluster analysis generally suggested the existence of a fairly stable Kano-Katsina malaria cluster in northwestern Nigeria. Urbanisation (R2= 14.4%; p < 0.05), poverty (R2= 13.9%; p < 0.05) and forest cover (R2= 10.7%; p < 0.05) had significant contributions to malaria morbidity. In the final regression model to determine the combined effect of the four factors using the backward selection approach, urbanisation was the only dominant factor. No doubt, malaria morbidity in Nigeria varies unevenly over space and through time. Its geographical distribution is significantly influenced by the level of urbanisation, forest cover and poverty. These results suggest the urban malaria phenomenon is present in Nigeria, and has a social gradient in morbidity. The study concludes that intervention efforts should take into consideration the spatial heterogeneity of malaria transmission in order to obtain optimum outcome
Biosorption of cadmium (II), copper (II) and lead (II) ions by citric acid modified and unmodified cocoa pod shell: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics
Get PDFChemical modification of biosorbent is a common practice in wastewater treatment when using adsorption technology.Thioglycollic acid has been used for the modification of cocoa pod without any significant improvement in its adsorptioncapacity for lead, cadmium and copper. This study is aimed at improving the sorption of these metal ions from aqueoussolution using citric acid as the modifying agent for cocoa pod shell. The dried cocoa pod shell was ground and reactedwith citric acid according to the method in the literature. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to examine theinfluence of pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration; sorbent dose and contact time on the biosorption of Pb2+,Cu2+and Cd2+ions by modified and unmodified cocoa pod shell. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevichmodels were used for fitting the equilibrium data. The amount of metal ion sorbed was determined using flame atomicabsorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The result for the adsorption of the metal ions under varying pH showed thatsorption was pH dependent. The trend in biosorption was in the order of Cd2+> Cu2+> Pb2+ on unmodified cocoa pod shell(UCPS); while the trend in biosorption of the ions onto modified cocoa pod shell (MCPS) was in the order ofPb2+ > Cu2+> Cd2+. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed increased from 4.62-33.56 mg/g after modification as shown by valuesobtained using the Langmuir equation to fit the biosorption data. Langmuir isotherm gave R2 values which shows that itsatisfactorily describe the biosorption process for Pb2+, Cu2+and Cd2+ ions on UCPS and MCPS. The kinetics of thesorption process was best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2>0.9922). Thermodynamic parametersshowed that biosorption process was feasible and spontaneous for Pb2+, Cu2+and Cd2+ions onto UCPS and MCPS. Theprocess is exothermic for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions; but endothermic for Pb2+. This study has shown that citric acid modifiedcocoa pod shell is a good biosorbent especially for Pb2+ ions
Depositional environment and reservoir quality appraisal of offshore ‘K-Field’, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study attempts to evaluate the hydrocarbon reservoir and depositional trend of ‘K- Field’ via suites of wireline logs.This is to identify, correlate the sand bodies and evaluate their petrophysical attributes with a view of understanding theirvariation as itaffects the reservoir, hydrocarbon prospect and productivity in the field, and to determine thepalaeoenvironment of the lithofacies. Six sand bodies were identified and correlated across three wells. Zones of sandlevel with water saturation < 0.50 were the hydrocarbon bearing. The various hydrocarbon reservoirs determined are six(W-7), four (W-2) and three (W-11) respectively. The average petrophysical properties of the reservoirs range from 19% to25%, 54.84 md to 1159.90 md, 20% to 42% and 58% to 80% for porosity, permeability, water saturation and hydrocarbonsaturation respectively. The porosity and permeability range from good to excellent. The identified reservoirs show highmovable oil saturation (MOS), low residual oil saturation (ROS) and favourable values of movable hydrocarbon index (Sw/Sxo< 0.7). The field has both oil and gas hydrocarbon with the Gas Oil Contact (GOC), Oil-Water-Contact (OWC), Oil-Down-To (ODT) and Gas-Down-To (GDT) contact types. The cross plot of water saturation and porosity revealed that thegrain sizes of the sand bodies range from coarse to very fine. Bulk Volume Water (BVW) cross plot indicated that most ofthe reservoirs are heterogeneous and not at irreducible water saturation. The log facies recognized suggest a palaeo-depositional environment of basin plain, crevasse splay, prograding and transgressive marine shelves
Geoinfographic Trend of Regional Crime in Oke-Ogun Region of Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examined temporal variations in crime in Oke-Ogun region ofOyo State, Nigeria, with a view to understanding the rampant trend ofcrime in the region. Crime reports were collated from the Nigerian Policerecords on eighteen typologies of regional crime categorised into crimeagainst person and property from 2005 to 2012. Geo-analytical techniquesemployed to examine temporal variations in crime were exponential trendsmoothing technique with a smoothing constant of 0.3 and the leastsquares trend analytical technique. Regression and correlationcoefficients represented by “b” and “r” respectively were employed todetermine the increase or decline rate of crimes over the period of yearunder investigation. Analysis showed that out of the eighteen crime typesthat were analysed, eight were found to exhibit a rising trend withincreasing year, and ten exhibited a declining trend. Aggregately, bothcrime against person and property had downward sloping trend lines. Thenegative values associated with (b = -35.583, r = -0.39) of crime againstperson and (b = -93.04, r = -0.62) of property crime confirmed thenegative lapse rates and inverse relationships. However, the studyconcluded that the declining rate of property crime is faster than personalcrime hence the latter is more rampant than the former in the region
Effects of Father’s Highest Formal Education on Daughter’s Participation in Part-time NCE Programmes in Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFThe study investigated effects of father’s highest formal education ondaughter’s participation in part-time NCE programmes in SouthwesternNigeria. Primary and secondary data were sourced for the study.Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting samples for the study.Two states (Ogun and Oyo) were randomly selected from the six states inSouthwestern Nigeria. Using the existing three senatorial districts intowhich each state was partitioned, the settlement with highest number ofadult and non-formal education study centres in each senatorial districtwas purposively selected. 250 females, comprising 125 participating and125 no-participating, were randomly selected from each of the selectedsettlements, and sampled with the use of a set of pretested questionnaire.In all, 1500 women, comprising 750 participating and 750 nonparticipating women were sampled. Only 1268 copies of thequestionnaires, comprising 559 (non-participating) and 709(participating) were returned and used for analyses. In-depth interviewswere also conducted on stakeholders in the study area. Both descriptiveand inferential statistics (Chi-square at p? 0.05) were used in analysingquantitative data, while qualitative data were content analysed. Noconcrete relationship could be established between fathers’ highest formaleducation and females’ participation or non-participation in part-timeNCE programmes, though strong association was found between fathers’encouragement and females’ participation. The study has providedempirical evidence that fathers, irrespective of level of formal educationalattainment, play significant role in determining their daughters’participation or non-participation in part-time NCE programme, inSouthwestern Nigeria
A Model for Youth Empowerment Using Cloud Computing Technology
Get PDF Akinwunmi, A. O., Akinboro, S. A. and Owoeye, M. O.
1. Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria 2. Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria 3. Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Abstract
Cloud computing has a lot of opportunities to offer for youth empowerment and can provide a means of living for youths. This study considered the prospects of using cloud computing as a tool for youth empowerment. The social action model and economic empowerment were adopted for the formulation of the conceptual model. The study highlighted some of the opportunities provided by the cloud for empowerment and also presented cloudbased empowerment ideas. A proof of the conceptual model validation by the survey indicated that 92% of the respondents agreed that the cloud-based services give them the opportunities to learn new ideas, explore them, create other new ideas and collaborate with your peers on these ideas while 8% disagreed. Further statistical analysis of the model data from the survey showed that the R-squared value of 1 was realized for a polynomial regression of empowerment determinant as a function of user experience of cloud-based services, this validated the fact that the model can aid youth empowerment. In conclusion, cloud computing can effectively aid the youths to learn, explore, create and collaborate on new skills that can be beneficial to them in various ramifications thereby engaging them for a useful and productive lifestyle that can make the society a better plac
Image Detection and Classification of Newcastle and Avian Flu Diseases Infected Poultry Using Machine Learning Techniques
Get PDFThe frequency at which diseases occur in poultry nowadays is staggering. Poultry diseases, such as Newcastledisease, Avian Influenza etc. usually brings about serious economic losses to poultry business owners and also tofarm produce consumers. Prompt warning and identification of emerging poultry disease outbreaks is of utmostimportance in the poultry business. Digital imaging technology and machine learning algorithms have made roomfor the effective observation / monitoring of poultry health status via surveillance cameras online and in real timehas proven to be an effective way to prevent large-scale outbreaks of diseases. To analyze the images of healthyand diseased birds, images of healthy birds were taken directly from poultry farms using different camera devicessuch as Digital cameras, Mobile Phones etc. The first step we took was to transform the images into a fixed sizedlength of dimension (64, 64, 3). The images were then augmented. Firstly, to help increase the size of the dataset,Secondly, to create variations that will better capture reality, so as to increase the ability of the model to generalizebetter and predict out of sample data more accurately. Other augmentation carried out on the training set includeScaling, Rotation, Shifting, Zooming and Flipping (horizontally). Using the Models implemented in this research,accuracy rates of 95% and 98% are obtained. The results show that digital image processing and the machinelearning algorithm implemented in this research can effectively detect and classify sick/diseased birds fromhealthy Birds whilst giving high accuracy and good performance which will aid in giving early warning signals.This research can serve as a reference for the intelligent detection and classification / identification of sick birdsfrom healthy birds
Development of a Machine Learning Model to Enhance Incremental Approaches for Anomaly Detection in a Network
Get PDFThe widespread availability of advanced networking technologies has led to a high rate of threat from spammers,intruders or attackers, and criminals. Over years, attempts have been made by System administrators to preventnetwork attacks using available signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). A special type of IDSs,called Anomaly Detection Systems are capable of detecting both known and unknown attacks and able to workin online mode but with challenges of a high rate of false alarm. Therefore, this research work aimed at developinga model to enhance an incremental approach for anomaly detection in a network using a One-class Support VectorMachine to improve the classification for novel attacks and as well reduce the false alarm rate of the system. Amodel for detection and classification of network anomaly was developed using a One-class Support vectormachine (OCSVM) and Incremental approach to reasonably reduce the false alarm rate by building a modelsuitable for a rea-time network with the use of KDD'99 datasets to create a fast, scalable and adaptive anomalydetection. The dataset has 494,021 observations which contain 24 training attack types, with an additional 14types in the test data only. This research work provides a scope that is possible to identify network anomaly usingdefault Sklearn's OC-SVM parameter values and varying values for the "gamma" Parameter. In the One-classSupport Vector Machine (OCSVM) technique, the network anomaly was predicted accurately at a 95 percentaccuracy rate
AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES AND CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES AS FACTORS OF INSPECTION EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPROVED TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OSUN STATE
Get PDFStudies have shown that modern teaching techniques without the use of modern and relevant teaching facilities often culminate in low quality of teaching. This resultant low quality of teaching is always characterized with the low level of performance on the part of students. For instance, in most secondary schools in developing countries like Nigeria, teaching becomes essentially cumbersome. This is due to the fact that relevant teaching and instructional facilities and resources are scarcely made available to teachers. Also, no inspection efforts can be effective and interesting without teaching facilities being made available for inspectors to watch teachers working on them with their students. On the other hand, facilities may not be effectively made use of if teachers that will train or teach students with these facilities are not regularly treated to regular capacity building programmes that will encourage the teachers thereby making them be productive.
This study, therefore, investigated the impact of the availability of facilities and capacity-building opportunities on inspection effectiveness and improved teachers' performance. 40 inspectors were randomly selected from each of the thirty (30) local government inspectorate offices and the Inspectorate Division of the Teaching Service Commission of Osun State. 269 teachers were randomly sampled from nine (9) out of the thirty (30) local government areas of Osun State. The result shows that there are opportunities for capacity building for the inspectors with respect to workshop, seminar, and training and re-training. However, facilities are only fairly provided. Findings also show that the inspectorate division of the teaching service commission of Osun State has been encouraging improved teachers' performance by organizing workshops, seminars, and recommendations for loans.