University of Ibadan Journals
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Development of an AI Model for Automated Cervical Cancer Screening Based on Cytology Whole Slide Images
Get PDFCervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally, posing a significant health challenge, especially in developing countries with limited healthcare resources. Traditional screening methods like the Pap smear, despite their success in early detection and reduction of CC incidence, face limitations such as labor-intensive analysis and subjective interpretation. Recent technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision offer promising improvements in CC screening. This study focuses on developing and evaluating a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated analysis of cervical cytology images from the SIPaKMeD database, which contains 4049 images categorized into five cell types: dyskeratotic, koilocytotic, metaplastic, parabasal, and superficial-intermediate. The proposed CNN architecture includes convolutional layers, MaxPooling, and Dropout layers to prevent overfitting, optimized using the Adam algorithm. Preprocessing steps such as color normalization, noise reduction, and artifact removal were applied to digitized slide images. The model's performance was assessed using accuracy and recall metrics. Results showed the CNN achieved high accuracy of 92% and sensitivity of 22%, with validation accuracy closely tracking training accuracy, indicating effective learning and generalization. The study demonstrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can significantly enhance CC screening accuracy and efficiency, addressing current limitations in traditional methods. Further optimization, including addressing class imbalance and exploring data augmentation techniques, is recommended to enhance the model's predictive capabilities and robustness in diverse clinical settings
Assessment of Factors Responsible for the Inadequacy of Quality Housing in Ado Ekiti
No full textQuality of housing units and the quality of the environment of the housing units goes a long way in affecting the lives and well-being of residents of any environment. The study investigated the factors responsible for inadequacy of quality housing prevalent in Ado Ekiti. The study adopted a case study approach. Data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A total of 225 questionnaires were distributed using systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive analysis using frequency distribution was used for data analysis. The results from the study revealed that the major factors responsible for the inadequacy of quality housing are: low income level of residents, high cost of building materials and high occupancy ratio. The uses to which the buildings are put coupled with the materials for construction manifested poor housing quality and deplorable housing conditions thereby making both the houses and the environment not so conducive for living. The study recommended self-improvement of buildings by the occupants, improvement on the maintenance culture and government policy that will enhance subsidy on prices of building materials and proper redevelopment of the area
Influence of Principals Motivation Strategies on Teaching/Learning Process of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Public Senior Secondary Schools in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of principals’ motivation strategies on teaching/learning process of teachers’ job satisfaction in public Senior Secondary Schools in FCT, Abuja. Two objectives and two research questions guided the study. Population of the study covered all the 74 and 4,275 teachers in public senior secondary schools, FCT Abuja. The study sampled 120 teachers from 12 public senior secondary schools in the six area council of FCT-Abuja using Purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by 20-items self-developed questionnaire titled Principals’ Motivation Strategies and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (PMSTJSQ). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and Mean. Data was presented in tables based on the objectives of the study. The study found out that teachers were not satisfied with their working conditions and job recognition such as inadequate facilities and nearly absence of appraisal rewards among others. The study recommended among others that adequate teaching/learning facilities and that teachers should be treated with due respect and be rewarded for hard work as this will positively affect their self-esteem and teaching/learning process
Kanuri and Babur/Bura Proverbs as Technique of Conflict Resolution and National Integration
No full textThe provision of security and national development is paramount in every nation. However, the conflict resolution and peacemaking in the conflict zone through the means of language resources, is the subject matter of this article. In view of this, the Kanuri and Babur/Bura proverbs are selected for a critical discussion in conflict resolution. A functionalist theory of African literature, in a close reference to Kanuri and Babur proverbs teleguided the research to accounting for the analysis of the data collected. The knowledge driven from the proverbs, ranging from the form, content, message, procedure and function are liable to disseminate correct information that could result in conflict resolution, management and national integration
KITCHEN LAYOUT AND SPACE AS DETERMINANTS OF COOKS’ PRODUCTIVITY IN HOTELS IN MACHAKOS COUNTY – KENYA
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which kitchen layout and kitchen space as aspects of ergonomics affected cooks’ productivity. It focused on selected hospitality facilities in Machakos County in Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to investigate the relationship between the kitchen layout and cooks’ productivity in the selected hospitality establishments in Machakos County, and to examine the relationship between kitchen space and cooks’ productivity in selected hospitality establishments in Machakos County. Crosssectional design and mixed research approaches were employed. A survey was carried out by use of a questionnaire and observation checklist among cooks and managers of selected Classes B, C and D hospitality facilities in Machakos County. Research questionnaires were developed and distributed to a sample of 210 hotel workers consisting of managers and cooks. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the respondents and by physical observation respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics of determination of frequencies, percentages, means and by inferential statistics of correlation analysis and multiple regression at .05 confidence level. The findings showed that kitchen layout and kitchen space satisfactorily explained kitchen ergonomics from the perspective of the kitchen employees. It was further established that kitchen layout and kitchen space had a significant positive correlation with cooks’ productivity. The study recommended to the management of hospitality facilities of the need to formulate policies that focus on improving kitchen workplace environment to attract, retain, and boost the performance of cooks. 
EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS EDUCATION PROGRAMME AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFIt is of great importance for the educational system of any country to produce graduates that are self-reliant who are able to fit effectively into the world of work. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of Business Education programme and the development of employability skills of business education students in public universities in Lagos State, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design method was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 350 Business Education students from two public universities in Lagos State who were in 400 level and purposive sampling technique was used to draw the 80 sample size from the population. A four-point Likert rating structured questionnaire titled “Effectiveness of Business Education Programme on Graduates’ Employability Skills” (EBEPGES) was employed to gather data from 80 respondents with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Least Square Regression test statistics was used to test hypothesis one, while Person’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test hypotheses two and three. Results from the findings revealed that business education curriculum content does not equip students with the required soft skills needed to excel in work environment, the integration of work place job requirement in the curriculum content will enhance the employability skills of Business Education students and that there is statistical negative significant relationship between Business Education instructional methods and students’ employability skills in public Universities in Lagos State. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the work environment and school should be integrated and all the major soft skills required by employers should be included into the curriculum as this will serve as a plus to the students when they eventually graduate to seek for job opportunities
ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ADOPTED BY PRINCIPALS IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study assessed accounting practices adopted by principals for administration of public secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria. The study was guided by two objectives, research questions and hypotheses. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study, the population of the study was 3254, while the sample size was 650 respondents. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to arrive at the sample size. The instrument used for data collection was a selfstructured questionnaire titled “Principals’ Accounting Practices Questionnaire (PAPQ)”. The questionnaire is arranged in two clusters each with 7 items. The instrument was validated by three experts, two of the experts were from Educational Administration and Planning, one from Measurement and Evaluation, all from the Department of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. The data collected were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) to answer the research questions. The interpretations of the results of the study were guided by the decision rule of a criterion mean of 2.50 and above for agreed, while mean that fell below 2.50 were disagreed. The hypotheses were tested using T-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study were that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the principals and bursars on the available sources of funds and financial transactions record keeping practices adopted by principals in the administration of public secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that the principals should harness more potentials, multi-sectorial partnership and sponsors such as (Companies, Banks, P.T.A, Industries and Private Organization) should support the school in area of funding and provisions of necessary materials for effective secondary schools administration to augment government’s efforts
INFLUENCE OF PRINCIPAL-PARENT COLLABORATION ON STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EZZA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE
Get PDFThe study examined the influence of principal-parent collaboration on students’ discipline in public secondary schools in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The design adopted descriptive survey research design. The population comprised all the public secondary school principals, teachers, students and parents in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 2,079 respondents. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Influence of Principal-Parents Collaboration on Student Discipline Questionnaire (IPPCSDQ)”. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that principal-parent collaboration has strong influence on students’ discipline. The study recommended among others orientation for principals and parents on the need to adopt collaborative strategies for the achievement of effective students’ disciplin
Role of Catholic Diocese of Oyo’s Justice Development and Peace Movement (JDPM) in Rural Development in Oke Ogun, Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDF The study investigated contributions of Catholic Church Diocese of Oyo’s Justice Development and Peace Movement (JDPM) to rural development in Oke Ogun, Oyo State, Nigeria. JDPM perceived rural development mainly in terms of boosting agricultural activities in the region. Both primary and secondary data were sourced for the study. Multistage sampling technique was adopted in selecting farmers sampled for the study. Farmers belonging to Farmers’ Association formed by participants in the JDPM’s activities were purposively identified from which 207 (50%) were randomly selected for sampling, using a set of pre-tested questionnaire self-administered by the researchers. In-depth interviews were also conducted with a cross-section of farmers in the study area to complement quantitative data obtained through the administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing quantitative data obtained for the study while qualitative data were content analysed. The study revealed that sensitization programmes of the JDPM encouraged 72.5% of the respondents to take farming as their occupation. All (100%) respondents perceived the JDPM’s benefit in terms of introduction of new agricultural practices and seedlings; 94.2% in terms of its sensitization and awareness programmes; and 46.4% in terms of farm inputs. None (0%) perceived the benefit in terms of financial assistance. It was concluded that the JDPM has brought about significant benefits to the targeted farmers in the area, some of which have been documented in the study. Strategies were proposed to further enhance contributions of the JDPM to rural development in the study area
Meta-Heuristics Algorithms of Intelligent Parking System on a Rush Hour Centre in Space Transport and Propulsion
Get PDFAbstract
The search for parking space is a time consuming process which not only affects the economic activities efficiency, but also the social interactions and cost. The need for efficient parking management systems especially during rush hour cannot be emphasized enough for such cities. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a solution to the issues by hybridizing two algorithms: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) during rush hour in space transport and propulsion at a particular city Epe in Nigeria. This was measured by some metrics parameter such as Time-taken, Cost and User-satisfaction to solve the problem of premature convergence. The three algorithms: (GA-PSO, PSO and GA) using a Matric Laboratory (MATLAB) program in an intelligent parking system tried to allocate the route for the user vehicle in an optimal manner. GA-PSO solved the parking allocation problems by obtaining minima values in terms of the cost and time taken with high user satisfaction. The experimental results demonstrated an accurate and robust car parking space allocation algorithm. In return, a GA-PSO based car parking space allocation algorithm produced a reliable car parking allocation system