University of Ibadan Journals
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A Predictive Model for Uncertainty Analysis on Big Data Using Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
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The need of addressing uncertainty in big data increases as more data is created and examined. It is essential to comprehend, measure, and control uncertainty in large data for dependable and useful analysis. Uncertainty in big data analysis is one of the major problems of big data, and if not handled correctly, it will lead to wrong predictions/classification of the model. In order to solve the problem of uncertainty in big data, this paper presents a Bayesian CNN model for the prediction of uncertainty in big data. The Bayesian CNN model uses a probability score in predicting uncertainties in big data. With this, it does not just show the classified results that were made by the model, it also shows the probability score, which signifies the decision score of the model when making classifications on images. The result of Bayesian model shows a better result of 99.9% for both training and testing
PSYCHOSOCIAL AND PERSONAL FACTORS AS CORRELATES OF IDENTIFICATION OF GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL, IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study investigated on psychosocial and personal factors as correlates of identification of gifted and talented students in Owerri Municipal, Imo State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of correlational type. The population of the study was 2,893 with a sample size 155 teachers in secondary schools in Owerri, Imo State, selected through simple random sampling techniques representing 5% of the total population. The data were collected using Teacher-student relationship Rating Scale, Teachers' self-efficacy Rating Scale and Teachers' knowledge Rating Scale. The instruments were subjected to a reliability test using Spearman Brown Rank Order which yielded a correlation coefficient of r=0.76, 0.71 and 0.83 respectively. Data collected were analyzed using the inferential statistics of Person Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Regression and at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings revealed a significant relationship between teacher-student relationship (r=.510, p(.000)<.05), teachers’ self-efficacy (r=.509, p(.000)<.05), and teachers’ knowledge (r=.217, p(.007)<.05) respectively and identification of gifted and talented students. The relationship of the three independent variables (teachers’ self-efficacy, teacher-student relationship, teachers’ knowledge) to the prediction of the dependent variable that is, identification of gifted and talented students showed a coefficient of multiple correlation R=.554 and a multiple R2of .307. Finally, the result revealed a relative contribution of the three independent variables to the dependent variable, expressed as beta weights, viz: Teachers’ self-efficacy (?=.307, p<.05), teacher-student relationship (?=.288, p<.05), and teachers’ knowledge (?=.019, p>.05). Based on these findings, it is recommended that teacher-student relationship must always be cordial in every school since it has been established that it enhances the identification of gifted and talented students in schools
PERCEPTIONS OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS ABOUT KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM): THE EXPERIENCE OF BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe purpose of the research was to examine the perception of academic librarians' about Knowledge Management (KM), including their awareness and its contributions to academic library services in Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The research adopted quantitative methodology with cross-sectional survey design. Four research questions were framed to guide the study. The population of the study was all the 30 academic librarians of Bayero University, Kano (BUK). A structured questionnaire that was self-developed and titled “Questionnaire for Bayero University, Kano (BUK) Academic Librarians” was used for the study. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics with tables to further interpret the outcomes. Findings of the study indicate that majority of the respondents, 80% were aware of KM with a reasonable number of them indicating high level of awareness. The study similarly, revealed that majority of the respondents 62.5% became aware of KM through independent study. The results also showed that respondents had positive perceptions towards KM with majority of them 62.5% expressing that KM can encourage LIS professionals to gain new skills and experiences in addition to their traditional skills and so it is a welcome development in the LIS profession. Finally, the study concludes by stressing that integrating KM into academic library services has become inevitable for obvious reasons
WELL-IMPLEMENTED CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION AS PREDICTORS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study investigated well-implemented curriculum and quality instruction as predictors of achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in secondary schools in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. In this regard, the researcher formulated three research questions along with three null hypotheses to guide the study. The study adopted a correlational research design. The population of the study comprised all 2050 teachers in 85 public secondary schools in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. With the aid of Krejcie and Morgan Formula, a sample size of 370 teachers was randomly drawn from the total population. Three self-designed non-cognitive instruments titled “Teachers’ Lack of Competence Scale” (TLCS), “Teachers’ lack of Motivation Scale” (TMS), and “Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education Scale” (SDGQES) were used for data collection. The TLCS contained 10 items, TLMS 10 items and SDGQES 15 items respectively. Face and content validities of the instruments were ensured by three experts in Measurement and Evaluation in the Faculty of Education, University of Abuja. The Cronbach reliability coefficient was used to establish the reliability coefficients of the instruments. TLCS, TLMS and SDGQES yielded reliability indexes of 0.86, 0. 91 and 0.89 respectively. Simple and multiple regression were used to answer the research questions while t-test and ANOVA associated with linear and multiple regression were used to test the null hypotheses. The findings showed that teachers’ lack of competence, motivation and teachers’ negative attitude to work significantly relate to improper curriculum implementation and poor instruction delivery in public secondary schools in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, and as such independently and jointly predict little or no achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal on quality education. It was recommended that teachers’ recruitment should be based on merit rather than primordial considerations and the ones recruited given consistent in-and off-service retraining to enable them to develop further professionally and competently, the government of the Federal Capital Territory and other employers of teachers should prioritize teachers’ motivation to be wholly committed and dedicated to their duties and responsibilities and ensure that those things that make teachers satisfied with their jobs are provided to stamp out negative attitude to work
TEACHERS’ EDUCATION, ATTITUDE, BELIEFS AND EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
No full textThis paper surveys teachers’ education and their attitude and beliefs towards effective classroom management in the 21st century. It started with an introduction which stated that education is the important tool for the development of any society and an instrument a society can utilise to solve her problems. This followed a brief literature review on teachers’ education and their attitude towards effective classroom management. A brief discussion was given on the development of teacher leadership quality for the 21st century. Some basic mistakes made by teachers when implementing classroom management strategies were discussed. Teachers’ teaching efficacy was emphasised. Attributes of learning environment and good classroom management for teachers was discussed. Conclusion and recommendations were given which include that all stakeholders in education see teachers as agent of innovation because innovation is very important for generating new sources of growth through improved efficiency and productivity; thus teachers should be well treated. Government at all level should intervene in the provision of infrastructure and other basic amenities that would make life more meaningful in the teaching and learning in the classroom
THE ROLE OF ADULT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN POST COVID– 19 ERA IN NIGERIA
No full textThe study examined the role of adult entrepreneurship education for poverty reduction in post COVID-19 era in Nigeria. It is evident that for a nation like Nigeria to strive better in her education and sustain economy adult entrepreneurship education should be taken into consideration and should be broadly embraced in all level of her education to alleviate poverty. With the reduction of COVID-19 epidemic in Nigeria, towns and villages are trying to cope with the difficulties encountered by the citizens, there is a necessity for people to learn more skills and competencies that would enable them cope in living in such circumstances. Adult entrepreneurship education refers to knowledge, skills and information given to adults to develop, organize and manage business ventures along with any of its risk in order to make profit. The main function of entrepreneurship education among others is to give functional education for the adults and youths that will assist them to be self-employed and self-reliant. It is a key drive to the economy, wealth and a high majority of jobs are created by small businesses established by entrepreneurship-minded individuals, which should lead to big business, which plays a greater role in employment generation and job creation. This paper recommends that the government at all levels should raise awareness about adult entrepreneurship education loan opportunities to adult and non-formal education learners for self-reliance and self-sustenance, to mention a few
Perceptual Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Maintenance of High-rise Residential Buildings in Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFMaintenance of buildings, especially high-rise types, poses a major challenge to resident property managers who are saddled with the responsibility of sustaining property value, building quality, and users’ satisfaction. This is without prejudice to particular factors that affect the condition of such building development. Hence, this study had the general objective of determining the factors that challenge the maintenance of high-rise residential buildings. Case study research design was adopted using a high-rise, multi-tenanted residential development in Lagos, Nigeria. Total enumeration survey and questionnaire administration was undertaken on respondents in the 155 residential units in the case study. The survey had 85.81% (133) return rate and the data derived from duly completed copies of the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics. Major findings of the study suggest that design and poor workmanship, inadequate construction supervision, low quality of original construction, wear and tear, as well as ageing are the key factors that affect the condition of the high-rise residential development. Moreover, variables such as delay in carrying out repair works, service charge administration, outsourcing of services, disconnect between owners and managers, as well as late response to complaints are indicated as posing the major challenges to maintenance management of the high-rise building. This study adopts a case study approach; however, it does not limit the insights and the positive contributions to knowledge therefrom. The study provides significant information that could guide the maintenance decision-making of built-environment professionals with regards to factors of building condition and challenges of maintenance management of high-rise buildings. Also, this study constitutes a significant contribution to the subject of maintenance and management of high-rise buildings in emerging economies like Nigeria
Index Mapped Ordinal Encoding Method for Federated Machine Learning in Crime Detection
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Feature Engineering is extracting features from a raw dataset using the understanding of the domain's problem. Thus, an improved feature extraction process can enhance the performance of machine learning algorithms. The resultant effect is the increase in the accuracy of a model in detecting new knowledge. However, the pyramid of unstructured data generated by surveillance devices and business transactions into databases is alarming and calls for serious attention. Transforming this messy data to a machine-useable format at the edge for prediction and classification exercises is therefore challenging. Although there have been some techniques for this data preprocessing phase in the model building but they are not totally spared from loss of data, duplication and difficult implementation. This is an examination of the efficacy of a novel Index Mapped Ordinal Encoding
Method
(IMOEM) for machine learning algorithm in terms of precision, recall and accuracy. The performance of IMOEMbuilt on this dataset with respect to precision, recall, f-score and accuracy results were significantly effective. The model performed exceptionally well with no loss of accuracy either in precision or recall values, especially when applied to the decision tree based Models. Data scientists are therefore encouraged to embrace the use of IMOEM
Web-Based Expert System for Childhood Pneumonia Diagnostic and Management
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This study focuses on developing a web-based expert system to diagnose children with pneumococcal infections. Pneumonia is the most common respiratory disease that causes death in children worldwide, and its diagnosis is challenging due to clinical symptoms similar to other respiratory diseases. As a result, doctors often request multiple tests before deciding, resulting in high costs and longer wait times. The web-based system developed in this study aims to assist doctors and patients in distinguishing between pneumonia and other diseases such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and tuberculosis. The system takes symptoms such as fever, lack of appetite, cough, chills, haemoptysis, and chest pain as input and produces pneumonia as output. The triangular membership function was used to determine the membership level of both the fuzzy logic input and output. The Mandani max- min inference engine was used for logical reasoning, and the fuzzy output was converted back to crisp output in the defuzzification process. The system underwent four development stages: definition of a knowledge system, design, implementation, evaluation, and testing. The evaluation showed a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 88%, and accuracy of 93% in diagnosing pneumococcal infections in children.
 
ACCOUNTABILITY: STRATEGIC DEVICE FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN ABEOKUTA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE
Get PDFUniversally, accountability has been identified as the main fundamental of every organizational accomplishment. This study investigated Accountability: Strategic Device for Secondary Education Development in Abeokuta North Local Government Area of Ogun State. The descriptive survey design was used for this study. The study population consisted of all the public secondary schools in Abeokuta South Local Government Area (LGA) of Ogun State. Out of 40 public secondary schools in Abeokuta South LGA of Ogun State, 25 schools were randomly selected through simple random sampling techniques. In each school, one principal was selected for the study through purposive random sampling. A total of twenty five (25) principals were used. Designed instrument titled “Accountability and Strategic Device for Secondary Education Development Questionnaire (ASDSEDQ)” was employed in the study. The instrument was given to the experts in the field of evaluation and Teachers Education for scrutiny. Test-retest was adopted and a reliability co-efficient of 0.85 was obtained. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was used to analyse the two research hypotheses. It was revealed that there was significant relationship between principals’ accountability and uses of physical educational resources (r = .67; p < 0.05); significant positive relationship between principals’ accountability and supervisory roles (r = .73; p < 0.05) and there was significant relationship between principals’ accountability and uses of weekly imprest/ school funding(r = .012; p < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that school administrators should adopt good supervisory tool for organizational success, school administrators need to embrace effective uses of available physical education resources and that school administrators should develop high sense of rational spending which would enhance productivity in the schools