University of Ibadan Journals
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Perceived Effects of 1978 Land Use Act Provisions on Sustainable Housing Development in Lagos State, Nigeria
Get PDFDespite the implementation of the 1978 Land Use Act provision that assured access to land to every Nigerian, especially for housing development, the citizens are still faced with inadequate housing provision. The study examined the effects of State Ownership of Land, Governor’s Consent, Customary Rights of Occupancy, Revocation of Land Rights, and other related provisions of the 1978 Land Use Act on sustainable housing development, with focus on housing affordability and access to housing services in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed research approach by employing quantitative and qualitative research methods to collect data from 271 stakeholders on the perceptions of the Act provisions, housing affordability, and access to housing services, using a simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive tools like means, frequency, and inferential tools, especially regression analysis. The mean score perceptions of the Act provisions showed that Governor’s consent (3.66), State Land Ownership (3.55), and customary rights of occupancy (3.45) are perceived as the most discriminating. While perceived housing affordability and access to housing services mean score showed that gross deficit of housing units (4.18) and house cost increases (4.11) are the most discriminating statements. However, the regression analysis result showed that 60.9% of the overall explanation for the variations in sustainable housing development in Lagos is provided by the perceived housing-related provisions of the Land Use Act. Therefore, the study concluded that the perceived effects of the Act provisions on sustainable housing development in Lagos include a gross deficit of housing units and increasing housing costs. It is recommended then to review the identified sections of the Land Use Act in line with the perceived housing-related provisions of the Act to ensure sustainable housing development in terms of increasing housing stocks at an affordable cost
A Comprehensive Review of Case Representation and Similarity Measures in Case-Based Reasoning Systems
Get PDFAbstract Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a human-inspired problem-solving approach where new problems are solved by recalling and adapting solutions from similar past cases. The performance of a CBR system critically depends on how cases are represented and how similarity between cases is computed. These two factors determine the accuracy, efficiency and applicability of CBR systems across diverse domains. This paper presents a comprehensive and comparative review of various case representation techniques and similarity measures. The review evaluates these methods based on important measures such as interpretability, scalability, adaptability, computational complexity and retrieval effectiveness. It further explores their suitability across domains including healthcare, finance, engineering and disaster management. The analysis reveals that no single technique is universally optimal; rather, the alignment between representation format and similarity computation, often through hybridization or domain-specific adaptation, is critical to achieving optimal system performance. Through rich literature insights and practical illustrations, the paper identifies emerging trends such as machine learning-driven similarity adaptation, ontology automation and real-time retrieval, offering a roadmap for the next generation of intelligent and context-aware CBR systems
Development of a Nigerian English classification model: for AI-Driven Grading Systems
Get PDFThe current Automated Essay Assessment Systems (AEAS) are predominantly trained on native Standard English, thereby introducing bias when grading essays written in other variations of English- Nigerian English. This bias leads to unfair grading, misclassification of valid linguistic features, and an increased failure rate among students. Nigerian English, the official language of Nigeria, incorporates linguistic features that differ from native English expressions. This study aims to enhance grading fairness by developing a Nigerian English classification model using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF IDF). The model successfully identifies and classifies Nigerian lexical features, by incorporating Nigerian English dictionaries and crowdsourced speech resources, aiding in unbiased assessments. Results suggest that this approach significantly improves recognition of Nigerian English expressions, contributing to fairer academic evaluations
Mobile Application Development for Gestational Blood Sugar Prediction
Get PDFGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a critical health situation that endangers pregnant women, requiring regular blood sugar monitoring to ensure both mother and fetus well-being. Many GDM patients are unaware and unable to determine their status in view of limited medical personnel and high cost of laboratory tests. This paper gave the design process of a Gestational Blood Sugar Tracker (GBST) smartphone application aimed at assisting pregnant women with predicting, managing and regulating their blood sugar. The GBST mobile app was implemented with Android Studio, the primary programming language being Java, the app uses SQLite for local database and firebase authentication. Integrated in the app is a fast forward neural network-based prediction model to predict the GDM status. The mobile app had 12 screens designed in Figma that allow data capture and result display. The FNN model with 77% accuracy was implemented for prediction of GDM status. It was recommended that the GBST app should be evaluated using the Mobile Applications Rating Scale (MARS)
Integration of NaijaCaptcha System to an Intelligent PDF Reader with Translator
Get PDFAbstract The intelligent PDF reader with integrated translation capabilities is a software solution designed to enhance the accessibility and usability of PDF documents. This project addresses the challenges faced by users who need to interact with multilingual and scanned PDF files, providing a seamless experience for viewing, extracting, translating, and annotating text. The primary objectives of this project are to develop an application that allows users to upload and view PDFs, extract text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR), translate extracted text into various languages, annotate documents and integration of CAPTCHA system called NAIJACAPTCHA. These features are designed to improve efficiency, accessibility and security for users who need to manage and understand content in different languages and formats. Key features of the application include a PDF viewer for navigating documents, OCR for converting scanned images into editable text, translation of text into multiple languages, and annotation tools for highlighting and commenting on PDFs. The application also includes robust user authentication and authorization mechanisms to protect user data and maintain privacy. The system architecture consists of a user-friendly interface built with React, a backend developed using Flask, OCR capabilities provided by Tesseract, and translation services integrated via the Google Translate API. PostgreSQL is used for data storage, ensuring secure and efficient management of user data and application configurations. This study demonstrates the effective integration of various technologies to create a powerful tool that simplifies the management and interaction with complex PDF documents. The intelligent PDF reader with integrated translation capabilities contributes to a more inclusive and efficient digital environment, addressing the needs of users dealing with multilingual and scanned PDF documents
Prevalence and Intensity of Parasitic Infestation on Developmental Stages of Clarias gariepinus Reared in Different Water Renewal Culture Systems
No full textFish disease is a significant factor in aquaculture that causes negative impact. Therefore regular updates of epidemiological data must be ensured indicating the level of exposure to infections which prompted this study. 487 Clarias gariepinus comprising different developmental stages were collected from the water renewal systems; daily (DWR), weekly (WWR) and bi-weekly (BWR). The prevalence and mean intensity of infection were determined using standard parasitological methods. Water parameters were measured using recommended methods. Descriptive statistic (percentages and mean) was used for analysis. The parasites observed were protozoans - Trichodina spp., Vorticella spp., Tetrahymena spp Chilodonella spp., Ichthyobodo spp., Piscinoodinium spp., and Ambiphyra spp.; monogenean trematodes - Dactylogyrus spp., Gyrodactylus spp., and suspected Salmonichus spp.; crustacean parasites – Argulus spp. and unidentified Nematode. The highest prevalence and intensity of 80% and 55.50 ± 18.63 respectively were recorded in Trichodina spp infection in fingerlings, under the BWR. With Trichodina spp and Dactylogyrus spp prevalence of 80% and 40% on the gills respectively and 60% prevalence of Trichodina spp on the skin, the gills and the skin are the most preferred predilection sites for Trichodina spp, while Dactylogyrus spp has the gills as its main predilection site. The rate of single infection was higher than co-infection in all the culture systems for all developmental stages of C. gariepinus
Power Asymmetries and Participation Gaps in InlandWater Governance: Towards Adaptive Co-Management at Eleyele Lake, Nigeria
No full textSustainable management of inland water bodies depends on the active involvement of diversestakeholders whose livelihoods and interests are directly tied to these resources. Thisstudy assessed stakeholder perceptions of participation in the governance of Eleyele Lake,Ibadan, Nigeria, with the objective of identifying power asymmetries, governance gaps,and pathways for more inclusive management. Data were collected between February andAugust 2018 through a questionnaire survey of 98 respondents; comprising fishermen, fishtraders, government agencies, local businesses, religious groups, and recreational operators,supplemented by participatory appraisal tools. Stakeholder analysis employed a participationmatrix, an importance–influence grid, and institutional Venn diagrams to map relationships,dependencies, and decision-making power. Perceptions of participation wereevaluated using Likert-scale measures of being informed, consulted, and involved, withhigh internal consistency (Cronbach’s = 0.96). Findings reveal that fishermen and womenfish traders, though highly dependent on the lake, fall into the “high importance–low influence”category, while government agencies dominate decision-making despite capacityconstraints. Only 20% of respondents reported feeling adequately informed, 7% consulted,and 5% actively involved in governance. A chi-square test (² = 56.12, df = 4, p ¡ 0.001)confirmed significant associations between stakeholder group and perceived participation,underscoring the marginalization of primary users. Shared challenges particularly aquaticweed proliferation and pollution; emerged as entry points for collective action. The studyconcludes that institutionalizing participatory platforms and multi-stakeholder committeeswithin an adaptive co-management framework is essential to move from symbolic inclusiontoward genuine power-sharing. Embedding inclusive governance in lake managementwill not only strengthen ecological sustainability but also enhance livelihood security andcommunity resilience
Spatio-Temporal Changes in Carbon Sequestration by Coastal Ecosystems in Ibeju Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFThe rapid urbanisation of coastal areas presents significant challenges to the delicate balance between development and ecosystem conservation. This tension is particularly evident in Ibeju Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria, as the region undergoes a dramatic transformation. This study investigates spatio-temporal changes in carbon sequestration in coastal ecosystems in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria, from 1986 to 2024. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines geospatial analysis, field surveys, and stakeholder interviews, the research examines the impacts of rapid urbanisation on ecosystem health and carbon storage capacity. Landsat imagery and carbon pool data were analysed to quantify changes in land use and carbon stocks over the 38 years. The study reveals a substantial 22.57% reduction in total carbon storage, from approximately 23.25 million megagrams in 1986 to 18 million megagrams in 2024. This decline corresponds with significant land use changes, including a decrease in dense vegetation cover from 32.64% to 21.50% and an expansion of built-up areas from 14.25% to 19.73% of the total land area. Swamp forests and mangrove ecosystems experienced the most severe depletion, with urban development identified as the primary driver of change. The research highlights the lack of comprehensive ecosystem management strategies and proposes recommendations for sustainable development, including the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Services models and stricter zoning regulations
Assessing the Incidence, Characteristics and Causes of Economic Obsolescence in Residential Properties– a Case Study of Ibadan Metropolis
Get PDFThe study examines the incidence, characteristics, and drivers of Economic Obsolescence (EO) in the residential property market of Ibadan, Nigeria. Economic obsolescence, unlike physical obsolescence, refers to externally induced depreciation that reduces property performance despite satisfactory physical condition. Ibadan provides a relevant case due to rising vacancy rates and declining rental values across several neighbourhoods. Guided by real estate literature, the study adopted a quantitative approach targeting Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs), who are directly involved in managing and valuing residential properties. Using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, 110 structured questionnaires were administered, and 77 were duly completed, yielding a 70% response rate. The instrument captured respondents’ demographic and professional attributes, the incidence and nature of economic obsolescence in their portfolios, and their perceptions of underlying causes. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, the Relative Importance Index (RII), and the Criterion Importance Score (CIS). Inferential analysis (ANOVA and LSD post-hoc tests) was conducted to examine perceptual variations among respondents. Findings show that fewer than 20% of properties exhibit each identified EO characteristic. The most prominent characteristics include the collapse of social amenities (RII = 0.269), poor road and drainage infrastructure (RII =0.253), and oversupply of similar property types (RII = 0.247). Locational disadvantage ranked as the most critical causative factor, followed by insecurity and infrastructural decay. The study recommends coordinated urban renewal, targeted infrastructure upgrades, improved security, and responsive local regulatory frameworks to mitigate economic obsolescence and enhance sustainable housing in Ibadan
Design and Implementation of a Laboratory Chemical Expiry Management System to Streamline Inventory Processes
No full textEffective chemical inventory management is essential for laboratory safety, regulatory compliance, and operational efficiency. However, traditional manual inventory systems are prone to human error, leading to outdated chemical usage, inaccurate records, and compliance issues. This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a Laboratory Chemical Expiry Management System (LCEMS), an automated solution that integrates real-time tracking, expiration alerts, and compliance reporting. The system was developed using an iterative software development model, ensuring continuous testing and refinement. A pilot study was conducted in laboratory environments, comparing LCEMS with traditional manual inventory systems and existing digital solutions. The study employed quantitative analysis to assess the system’s impact on expired chemical usage, inventory accuracy, and regulatory compliance. Results showed that LCEMS reduced expired chemical usage by 75%, improved inventory efficiency by 40%, and enhanced compliance through automated documentation. The study concludes that LCEMS provides a scalable and cost-effective approach to laboratory inventory management. Future enhancements will focus on integrating predictive analytics, expanding LIMS compatibility, and developing mobile accessibility to further improve laboratory efficiency and safety