HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
Not a member yet
31010 research outputs found
Sort by
Jakob Schönhagen, Geschichte der internationalen Flüchtlingspolitik 1945–1975, Göttingen (Wallstein) 2023
No full textInternational audienceJakob Schönhagen, Geschichte der internationalen Flüchtlingspolitik 1945–1975, Göttingen (Wallstein) 2023, 432 S., 7 Abb. (Moderne Zeit. Neue Forschungen zur Gesellschafts- und Kulturgeschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, 37), ISBN 978-3-8353-5369-5, EUR 46,00
De la co-localisation à la co‑présence : penser le travail dans les organisations hybrides
No full textInternational audienceFollowing the successive lockdowns of 2020-2021, new “hybrid” work arrangements have become extremely widespread in work environments. In practical terms, these new arrangements involve alternating between the office, the home or even a third location, and are today of as much a concern to managers as they are to employees. This paper builds upon a research-intervention commissioned by a joint institute of a French telecommunications company. It addresses the consequences of technological and organizational change on “socialization, the ability to build a collective and a living corporate culture”. In this context, we focus on the way professionals articulate and coexist different forms of presence in a hybrid environment. While co-location is indeed a structuring element of work collectives, it is not a sufficient condition for cooperation, understood as the active involvement of subjects in a work collective. By freeing ourselves from the dichotomy between “presence” and “absence” when considering the current organization of work, our study sheds light on hybrid work as a singular configuration that places new demands on the activity of professionals (beyond generalized telecommuting) and encourages them to create new ways of working. It also provides an opportunity to reflect on the capacity of collectives to produce quality co-presence through a variety of forms of presence.Depuis les confinements successifs des années 2020-2021, de nouvelles modalités de travail « hybrides » se sont massivement installées dans les milieux professionnels. Concrètement, ces nouvelles modalités de travail consistent à alterner entre le bureau, le domicile ou encore un tiers-lieu et suscitent aujourd’hui autant les préoccupations des dirigeants que la mobilisation des salariés. À partir d’une commande adressée par un institut paritaire d’une entreprise de télécommunications française, notre recherche-intervention aborde les conséquences des mutations technologiques et organisationnelles sur « la socialisation, la capacité à construire du collectif et une culture d’entreprise vivante ». Dans cet article, nous proposons d’engager une réflexion sur la manière dont les professionnels articulent et font co-exister différentes formes de présence dans un environnement hybride. Si, en effet, la co-localisation est un élément structurant des collectifs de travail, elle n’est pas une condition suffisante à la coopération, entendue comme engagement actif des sujets dans un collectif de travail. En nous émancipant de la dichotomie entre « présence » et « absence » pour penser l’organisation actuelle du travail, notre étude apporte un éclairage sur le travail hybride comme configuration singulière qui fait peser des exigences nouvelles sur l’activité des professionnels et les incitent à créer de nouvelles manières de faire. Elle permet par ailleurs d’ouvrir une réflexion sur la capacité des collectifs à produire une co-présence de qualité au travers de formes de présence variées
Développement d'indices de multimorbidité basés sur des troubles de santé mentale
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: Numerous multimorbidity indexes exist, focused primarily or solely on somatic conditions. We developed mental multimorbidity indexes as epidemiological tools.Methods: Participants in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (73.5% women; mean age = 59.5 ± 13.7 years; index development N = 20,000; index comparison N = 7,259) completed self-report questionnaires (2020–2022) regarding depressive symptoms, anxiety, eating disorders, insomnia, alcohol use disorders, cognitive difficulties, and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Using established cutoffs, participants were split into 2 groups for each condition. Tweedie regression analyses were performed with the 6 mental health conditions as exposures and the WHODAS 2.0 score as the outcome. Performance (C-index) and calibration of the indexes were compared with a simple count.Results: A general and a sex-specific mental multimorbidity indexes were developed; both were significantly associated with the disability score. The new indexes had slightly better predictive performance than simple counts of mental disorders.Conclusion: We developed mental multimorbidity indexes as epidemiological research tools. Future prospective studies could investigate their predictive potential regarding outcomes such as medication use, healthcare utilization, and quality of life.Objectifs : Il existe de nombreux indices de multimorbidité, axés principalement ou uniquement sur les conditions physiques. L’objectif de cette étude était de développer des indices de multimorbidité mentale en tant qu'outils épidémiologiques.Méthodes : Les participants de la cohorte française NutriNet-Santé (73,5 % de femmes ; âge moyen = 59,5 ± 13,7 ans ; élaboration de l'indice N = 20 000 ; comparaison de l'indice N = 7 259) ont rempli des questionnaires d'auto-évaluation (2020-2022) concernant les symptômes dépressifs, l'anxiété, les troubles du comportement alimentaire, l'insomnie, les troubles liés à la consommation d'alcool, les difficultés cognitives et le Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 de l’Organisation Mondiale de Santé (WHODAS 2.0). À l'aide de seuils établis, les participants ont été répartis en deux groupes pour chaque condition. Des analyses de régression de Tweedie ont été effectuées avec les 6 troubles de santé mentale comme exposition et le score WHODAS 2.0 comme critère de jugement. Les performances (C-index) et la calibration des indices ont été comparés à un simple comptage des troubles.Résultats : Un indice de multimorbidité mentale général et un indice de multimorbidité mentale spécifique au sexe ont été développés ; les deux étaient significativement associés au score de WHODAS 2.0 dans le groupe de comparaison. Les nouveaux indices avaient une performance prédictive légèrement supérieure à celle d'un simple comptage des troubles de santé mentale.Conclusion : Nous avons développé des indices de multimorbidité mentale en tant qu'outils de recherche épidémiologique. De futures études prospectives pourraient étudier leur potentiel prédictif concernant la consommation de médicaments, l'utilisation des soins de santé et la qualité de vie
Whitening Effects for ML-DoA Estimation using a Sparse Representation of Array Covariance (poster)
No full textInternational audienceMaximum Likelihood (ML) Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation on the Vectorized Covariance Matrix Model (VCMM) exhibits enhanced performance in severe conditions compared to standard methods. Indeed, it benefits from the vectorized covariance matrix model capacities summarized through the Virtual Array (VA) concept. Due to finite number of samples, the VCMM is corrupted by a coloured Gaussian noise. As a remedy, we previously introduced a pre-whitening noise transform converting the coloured noise into white Gaussian noise. Using the whitened model, we recently shown equivalence between sparse DoA estimators and the ML thereby enabling efficient implementation of ML DoA estimation under white Gaussian noise. In this work, the noise pre-whitening transform is shown to significantly improve the sparse problem conditioning by spatially decorrelating the dictionary vectors associated to sources directions thus simplifying the implementation of ML DoA estimation with a sparse representation. To this end, the expression of the spatial correlation coefficient after whitening is derived. Numerical simulations confirm the performance increase of sparse DoA estimators after whitening for closely separated sources
Validation of JEM Soignances Job-Exposure Matrix Through Comparison with Self-Reported Exposures Among Healthcare Workers in CONSTANCES
No full textInternational audiencePurpose - A healthcare-specific job-exposure matrix, JEM Soignances, was recently developed to assess the occupational exposome of healthcare workers. This study aimed to compare estimates of known associations between occupational exposures and health outcomes obtained using JEM Soignances and self-reported data. Methods - Healthcare professionals from the CONSTANCES cohort with linked data from the French National Healthcare Database (SNDS) were included (n = 12219). Exposures were estimated using JEM Soignances (occupations and sectors of activity) and its alternative version (+ establishment size and status), as binary exposure at inclusion or as lifetime cumulative exposure (< 10y/ ≥ 10y). Association with relevant health outcomes (i.e., pain, depressive symptoms, hypertension, cancer, use of psychoactive drugs) were evaluated using logistic regression and compared to estimates obtained from self-reported exposure data in terms of direction, magnitude, and significance. Results - For organizational exposures, 10/16 associations for JEM Soignances and 12/16 for the alternative version aligned with self-reported data in direction and magnitude. For biomechanical exposures, confidence intervals overlapped in 11/15 associations for JEM Soignances and in 9/15 for the alternative version. For the others, discrepancies generally lean toward underestimation. For psychosocial exposure, JEM Soignances revealed significant limitations: While self-reported effort-reward imbalance was strongly associated with depressive symptoms (aOR = 3.18[2.81;3.59]), JEM Soignances underestimated this association (aOR = 1.37[1.23;1.54]), and the alternative version failed to detect it (aOR = 0.99[0.87;1.13]). Conclusion - JEM Soignances demonstrated good agreement with self-reported data for organizational and biomechanical exposures but failed for psychosocial exposure, often underestimating or missing associations. Further research is needed to evaluate JEM Soignances validity for biological, chemical, and physical exposures
Raising intercultural awareness in European University Alliances: opportunities, challenges and limitations
No full textInternational audienceIn today’s interdependent world, being interculturally aware is of utmost importance. As this effort is not an innate capability, education has a key role to play in supporting this societal objective. In higher education, European University Alliances (EUAs) currently stand out as good candidates to raise intercultural awareness among students since in this organisational model languages and cultures are central to the learning opportunities offered. The challenge which, however, arises within this framework lies in identifying pedagogical solutions likely to help students overcome the cross-cultural communication difficulties EUAs’ affordances are likely to create for them. This chapter proposes a reflection on this topic and argues that harnessing the second-language teaching and learning field to support the implementation of initiatives relating to global citizenship education (GCE) could provide a solution. To do so, it first defines what EUAs are and explains why deploying language-/culture-based GCE initiatives could prove relevant to raise students’ intercultural awareness in such settings. It then explores the implications this effort may engender in EUAs regarding instructional design, pedagogical engineering and course content. It concludes with a critical discussion on the opportunities, challenges and limitations language-/culture-based GCE initiatives are set to bring in their wake in EUAs
Quelle place pour l'accompagnement individuel dans le répertoire d'action syndicale en matière de lutte contre la souffrance au travail ? Le cas de l'association ASD-pro
No full textInternational audienc
Consentir à ses conditions de travail ? Relire Burawoy au prisme des enjeux de santé
No full textInternational audienc
Rethinking the use of redox probes for the detection of electroactive proteins with electrochemical sensors modified with molecularly imprinted polymers
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims to demonstrate that redox couples, regardless of their electrical charges, are unnecessary for detecting and quantifying electroactive proteins using an electrochemical sensor functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymer. Our approach involved designing a polydopamine imprinted biosensor for detecting bovine serum albumin as the model protein. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) and solutions containing the negatively charged hexacyanoferrate, the neutral ferrocene, or the positively charged hexaammineruthenium (III) probes. The dissociation constants Kd (in mg.mL−1), estimated from an extended Langmuir/one-site model, were of order of (1.0 ± 0.5)×10−8, (4.4 ± 2.1)×10−2, (7.6 ± 5.1)×10−4 and in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4, Fe(C5H5)2, [RuN6H18]+3 respectively, and (8.7 ± 5.9)×10−11 in PBS. The non-use of probes, therefore, enhances the interaction between the analytes and the imprints. To understand the origin of this finding, we investigated ultraviolet and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies. Results indicated that redox probes could alter the proteins' intrinsic properties and adsorb to the polydopamine polymeric matrix, thus reducing the specific interactions between the protein and the imprints. To confirm the feasibility of electrochemical quantification of electroactive proteins in PBS, we designed three polydopamine-imprinted biosensors for detecting human serum albumin, prostate-specific antigen, and immunoglobulin G. Results validated the potential for quantifying electroactive proteins in PBS without adding any probe. This pioneering study was carried out with dopamine, which is taken here as a typical example of a functional monomer. It paves the way towards the detection of electroactive proteins without adding any redox couple of any nature
Exploring Smart Life
No full textInternational audienceIn the contemporary landscape of technological advancement, the concept of Smart Life has emerged as a multifaceted domain, encapsulating a myriad of interconnected elements that deeply influence our daily experience. A lot of research works are published on this topic each month, and new devices continue to appear. However, after examining the existing literature, we found out the need for a consistent definition of Smart Life. This chapter addresses this limitation by providing a more precise definition of the Smart Life concept. We present various terms related to “Smart,” characterize in detail the concept of Smart Life, present a systemic view on this topic, and, finally, introduce the basic elements for Smart Life governance