HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
Not a member yet
31010 research outputs found
Sort by
An interdisciplinary framework for managing communities in sustainability transitions: insights from agroecological transitions
No full textInternational audienceWhile the human and social dimension of sustainability transitions is key to their undertaking, it is still insufficiently addressed and supported. In particular, the importance of communities, which has been highlighted by many disciplines, has not yet been tackled from an interdisciplinary perspective, resulting in a lack of a global vision of what a community is and of how to support one. We propose an interdisciplinary framework developed with the expertise of 20 researchers from 7 disciplines, each providing a specific insight on communities, and illustrations in the context of agroecological transitions. We analyzed 12 community frameworks and related key references used by the co-authors of this article in their research work. We identified three main dimensions that characterize the core of the concept of community, common to these 12 frameworks: (1) common constructs, (2) implementation and articulation of actions, and (3) feelings such as a shared sense of belonging, trust, co-responsibility, and legitimacy. We present key contributions of communities to sustainability transitions, and insights on how to support these communities. Communities can offer favorable conditions for individuals to express their ideas, desires, doubts, difficulties, and conflicts, and to address these through dialogue and collaboration. This can help individuals move forward in their decisions and actions. Communities are also a place of articulation between individual and collective actions, and can contribute to the transformation of society by redefining professional norms, and creating knowledge and innovations. Giving communities the necessary means to support its members and impact society implies investing in the development of collaboration skills within education systems and in providing dedicated training on community support to facilitators, addressing all three dimensions of communities
A Counterfactual View of Intention
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a method to infer intention from observation and specific theoretical assumptions. This approach is grounded in counterfactual reasoning, similar to that underlying contemporary causal research. Causation is not directly observable, but empirical evidence—experimental or sometimes purely observational data—can support causal hypotheses. We propose extending this framework to formally represent interventions upon causal systems by identifying their intended effects. To achieve this, we introduce the concepts of final model and want-operator
Avoir un rôle de tuteur en entreprise : un travail qui ne va pas de soi
No full textInternational audienceEn entreprise, l’accueil et la formation d’un·e alternant·e, d’un·e stagiaire, d’un·e nouvel·le embauché·e ou d’un·e collègue en mobilité sont généralement assurés par un·e salarié·e déjà en place. Souvent considéré comme allant de soi, ce rôle de tutorat est pourtant loin d’être une simple extension de l’activité quotidienne. Ce Céreq Bref propose une lecture croisée, quantitative et qualitative, de cette pratique professionnelle, en soulignant les enjeux de sa valorisation et de son intégration dans les politiques d’entreprise
Helm-ET: Reducing Exposure to Lateral Movement in Kubernetes Artifacts
No full textInternational audienceModern cloud applications consist of containerized microservices deployed to a virtual computing environment, such as a Kubernetes cluster. Policies are needed to block unintended and potentially harmful interactions between the microservices, which attackers could exploit for discovery and lateral movement. However, it is challenging for cluster administrators to define strict network policies because the interactions between the components are not clearly defined. Enabling them often requires manual inspection of the declarative configuration and the source code of the applications. This paper proposes a novel approach to creating Kubernetes network policies that restricts access between microservices within a cluster. Based on the principles of modularity and information hiding, we identify service composition patterns in cloud applications and use them to create network policies. The policy generation is implemented as an open-source tool, Helm-ET, which we evaluate on 451 Helm charts across three datasets. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the internal attack surface in the Kubernetes cluster (92.71% less allowed connections), achieving comparable results to state-of-the-art tools. However, compared to other solutions, Helm-ET is faster (<100ms vs 79 seconds) and applies the policies before the application deployment
DaMoOp: A global approach for optimizing denormalized schemas through a multidimensional cost model
No full textInternational audienc
The Quantum-Efficiency Normalized Light Scattering Spectra of Colloidal Nanoparticles in Solution: Quantitative Comparison between Theory and Experiment
No full textInternational audienceLight scattering is an intrinsic property of colloidal nanoparticles and molecular assemblies in fluid or solid transparent media. Various measurable light scattering parameters may contribute to the characterization of colloidal systems. Herein, a quantitative, spectrallyresolved, steady-state light scattering technique is formulated and realized for the characterization of ensembles of colloidal nanoparticles in solution: quantum-efficiency normalized light scattering (QENLS) spectroscopy. QENLS spectra are complementary to standard ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR extinction spectra. Their measurement does not require knowledge of nanoparticle concentration, and they can be quantitatively compared to theoretical calculations. This is illustrated for archetypal plasmonic gold nanospheres, nanocubes and nanorods. We find good agreement between experimental and theoretical QENLS spectra for gold nanospheres and nanocubes, corroborated by results from the literature. Concerning gold nanorods, our QENLS results fall into the broad, somewhat disperse trends reported in the literature
Beyond overweight, visceral adiposity is associated with estimation of cardiovascular risk in patients living with type 1 diabetes: findings from the SFDT1 cohort
No full textConflicts of interests: EBP reports receiving lecture honorariums from Astra Zeneca and Sanofi, and has been an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim since February 2024International audienceIntroduction & Objectives As in the general population, people living with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) are faced with overweight and obesity, which contribute to cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, the role of visceral adiposity, due to its adverse metabolic profile, should also be addressed in PWT1D. We aimed to assess the 10-year CV risk of PWT1D according to body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a parameter for estimating visceral adiposity. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, PWT1D in primary CV prevention from the SFDT1 cohort were categorized by BMI status, either normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) or overweight/obesity (≥ 25 kg/m 2 ), and by WHtR according to the validated threshold of 0.5. The 10-year CV risk was estimated using the Steno Type 1 Risk Engine and classified into three categories: low (< 10%), intermediate (10-20%) and high (> 20%). The distribution of CV risk was assessed using density plots. In multivariable analysis, the association between BMI, WHtR, and high estimated 10-year CV risk was studied using spline regression models with sex stratification. Thresholds were determined by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. ResultsThe study included 1,482 patients; 49.9% had a normal BMI, and 50.1% a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . The proportion of patients with high CV risk was higher in PWT1D with overweight/obesity (12% vs. 7%) and in those with WHtR ≥ 0.5 (13% vs. 4%). BMI was significantly associated with high CV risk in men (p = 0.001) but a non-significant trend was found in women (p = 0.053). WHtR was significantly associated with high CV risk in both men (p < 0.001) and women (p = 0.046). The BMI threshold associated with high CV risk was 24.9 kg/m 2 for men, and the WHtR threshold was 0.5 for both men and women. ConclusionIn PWT1D in condition of primary CV prevention, visceral adiposity, assessed by WHtR, is a more robust marker of estimated 10-year CV risk than overweight/obesity status in both men and women.</div
Unequal Power-Sharing Capacity Assessment of an Energy Router Based on a Dual Three-Phase Electric Machine
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of energy routers, this article presents a framework to compare the power-sharing capacity of a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator in different segmented winding configurations. A power-sharing capacity indicator is suggested to benchmark the dual threephase permanent magnet synchronous generator energy router. Two attractive segmented winding types are considered for the comparison: multi-sector segmentation and highly coupled segmentation. Model analysis and experimental results show that the highly coupled winding offers larger shareable power, namely up to 50 % higher than the multi-sector winding, proving its high potential in the energy router application
