HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Three boys launch a rocket, the rocket explodes: Media coverage of space news, development of homemade rockets and emergence of popular science education in 1960s France
No full textInternational audienceThe present talk sets out to explore the relationship between the media and homemade rockets in late 1950s-early 1960s France. It does so by taking as its starting point a film made in 1959 by secondary school pupils under the guidance of their teacher of the French language. In this film, three young boys build a rocket and try to launch it. This plot is just a pretext for the story, but the scenario that the young filmmakers have imagined also refers to a hobby that has actually been taken up by several groups of young people all over the country.In this talk, I try to uncover the conditions of emergence of such practices. While media coverage of the nascent space race is undoubtedly a central feature of the context, it does not suffice to understand why and how young people engage in practical, hands-on activities to build and launch rockets. I will argue that such activities draw also largely on technical culture and tinkerers practices. It is important to note that these activities are also reflected in the press, which may contribute to engaging young people in pursuing similar goals. But more importantly, the initial treatment, focusing on accidents and the dangers to young people of handling explosives, encourages the involvement of the authorities in the regulation of home-made rocketry. Subsequent media coverage show the involvement of the media in this regulation and in diverting the interests of young people towards activities with scientific education as their main objective. While some established popular scientific associations try to capitalize on children’s enthusiasm for outer space and rocketry to enrol new members, other popular education movements emerge foster educational programmes giving a large part to experimental practices. Some of them benefit from the support of the French Space Agency and the media coverage. This transforms representations of amateur rocketry from dangerous games to educational science projects
Widening exposome exploration with a novel multiplexed HRMS analytical approach : a case study on pesticide internal exposure
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction : Human exposure to food and environmental chemical contaminants including pesticides is generally assessed by indirect (e.g. questionnaires) and/or targeted methods focusing on a limited number of selected compounds. These methods often require a large amount of sample for analyses as complete and sensitive as possible. Thus, human health risks associated with multi-exposure to complex mixtures currently remain underexplored. Based on the exposomics concept and previous studies (1,2), we propose an innovative global chemical profiling approach integrating three complementary HRMS platforms (LC-HILIC-HRMS, LC-C18-HRMS and GC-HRMS), for capturing an extended range of contaminants and related metabolites from a unique urine sample.Methods : Fractionation of reduced-volume urine samples (0.5 mL) was preformed using Strata-X® SPE cartridges. HRMS experiments were conducted on GC-Orbitrap q-Exactive (GC-MS), Sciex X-500-R Q-ToF (C18-LC-MS) and LTQ-Orbitrap XL (HILIC-LC-MS) instruments. Data processing was carried out on both commercial and open source softwares (Trace Finder, W4M, Scannotation, …). A set of 187 standard compounds (parent compounds + metabolites) covering both a large range of molecular weights (72 g/mol1000) from a single sample, provides valuable data for assessing associations with health endpoints for epidemiological studies. Novelty : innovative multiplexed HRMS methodology for wide exposomics from a unique sample. References1 E. L. Jamin et al. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2014, 406, 1149-1161.2 N. Bonvallot et al. Sci. Tot. Environ., 2021, 786, 147499.3 T. Moufawad et al. In preparatio
Books by employers as think tankers: shaping corporations' representation as citizens working for the global common good: Addendum: the abstract was sent and accepted sent in French. After receiving the programme and with the panel and conference organizers' approval, we decided to present in English so that all other panelists and the public could discuss our work and ideas.
No full textInternational audienceDe longs rapports et livres publiés par des organisations qui revendiquent l’appellation de think tank plaident pour un ré-enchantement du rôle des entreprises dans la vie politique et sociale. Proches des lobbies, des ONGs pratiquant le plaidoyer, des clubs et des groupes politiques, ces think tanks patronaux sont constitués en association ou en fondation dont les membres sont des grands patrons, des hauts managers et des managers intermédiaires. Leurs discours institutionnels décrivent leur « raison d’être » comme étant de dynamiser « le marché des idées ». Ils prétendent à une certaine rigueur, mais affichent leurs préférences politiques.Les discours de légitimation insistent sur des considérations gestionnaires : améliorer ou optimiser l’allocation de ressources limitées. À l’international, ils entendent défendre et illustrer le caractère vertueux de la diplomatie d'entreprise. L’argumentation de ces rapports et livres mobilise à la fois des actions relevant de la « responsabilité sociale et environnementale » des entreprises et, de manière plus inattendue, des actions de lobbying « citoyen », « durable », « responsable », de « lobbying autrement » ou de « good lobbying ». Elle insiste enfin sur les liens de symbiose reliant les entreprises aux territoires d’implantation de leurs outils de production, de leurs lieux de stockage, transit, vente, etc.Les figures rhétoriques convoquées (écriture collective, polyphonie, marqueurs d’une forme d’auctorialité scien3fique, éditorialisation littéraire, concession, énumération) doivent renforcer la promesse d’une capacité d’autorégulation des entreprises et de leur bienfaisance dans la vie publique et politique, notamment à travers le développement des salariés
Regards croisés sur l’agilité et l’innovation ouverte pour les PME de haute technologie
No full textInternational audienceThis article aims to study the relationship between agility and open innovation within high-tech SMEs. With an exploratory aim, it relies on a case study of an SME specializing in consulting and engineering in high technologies. Our results highlight a dynamic interconnection between the two approaches of open innovation and agility, providing an in-depth understanding of their mutual influence in this context. Thus, we demonstrate that the capabilities of agility can stimulate and support inbound and outbound innovation practices, while highlighting that open innovation itself fosters these capabilities. However, it is important to note that agility is not enough to overcome all the barriers that open innovation faces within high-tech SMEs.Cet article se propose d’étudier la relation entre l’agilité et l’innovation ouverte au sein des PME de haute technologie. À visée exploratoire, il s’appuie sur l’étude de cas d’une PME spécialisée dans l’ingénierie, le conseil en informatique et l’innovation technologique. Nos résultats mettent en évidence une interconnexion dynamique entre les deux approches de l’agilité et de l’innovation ouverte, offrant une compréhension approfondie de leur influence mutuelle dans ce contexte. Ainsi, nous démontrons que les capacités de l’agilité peuvent stimuler et soutenir les pratiques d’innovation entrante et sortante, tout en soulignant que l’innovation ouverte contribue à les favoriser. Cependant, il est important de noter que ces capacités ne suffisent pas à surmonter toutes les barrières auxquelles la PME est confrontée dans le domaine de l’innovation ouverte
Traffic Prediction Improvement in 5G and beyond: AI and Self-Controlled Components
No full textInternational audienceThe advent of 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) networks requires novel network management strategies to mitigate potential congestion. Traditional reactive approaches are inadequate as they address issues only post-occurrence, whereas proactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered methods can predict and optimize resource allocation. This paper leverages AI on 5G emulated datasets to forecast network traffic, facilitating proactive resource allocation. The experimental results however indicate suboptimal model performance due to the high variability, irregular patterns, sudden traffic bursts, noise, and inconsistent data distributions in the datasets. Our analysis revealed that these issues arise from uncoordinated background traffic, system operations, and random traffic-consuming activities, leading to underperforming model outcomes. Given these challenges, we have proposed a Self-Controlled Component (SCC)-based approach to ensure that high-quality data is fed into the selected AI models, thereby improving prediction accuracy and enhancing performance
Extracting circumstances of Covid-19 transmission from free text with large language models
No full textInternational audienceIdentifying the circumstances of transmission of an emerging infectious disease rapidly is central for mitigation efforts. Here, we explore how large language models (LLMs) can automatically extract such circumstances from free-text descriptions in online surveys, in the context of Covid-19. In a nationwide study conducted online in France, we enrolled 545,958 adults with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection and inquired about the circumstances of transmission in both closed-ended and open-ended questions. First, we trained a classification model based on a pretrained LLM to predict one of seven predefined infection contexts (Work, Family, Friends, Sports, Cultural, Religious, Other) from the free text in answers to open-ended questions. We achieved an unbalanced accuracy of 75%, which increased to 91% when eliminating the 43% highest entropy responses. Second, we used topic modeling to define clusters of transmission circumstances agnostically. This led to 23 clusters, which agreed with the seven predefined infection contexts, but also provided finer details on previously undefined circumstances of transmission. Our study suggests that LLM-based analysis of free text may alleviate the need for closed-ended questions in epidemiological surveys and enable insights into previously unsuspected circumstances of transmission. This approach is poised to accelerate and enrich the acquisition of epidemiological insights in future pandemics
Non-uniform truss modelling and energy consumption in adaptive space lattice manufacturing for steel structures
No full textInternational audienceThe present paper studies the energetic footprint of Adaptive Space Lattice Manufacturing (ASLM), a new metallic-based AM process joining solid rods through laser spot welding. Associated energy costs are evaluated and compared with other metallic-based AM processes -machining, casting, powder-based AM and wire-based AM. Starting with measures of the energy consumption on site, a comprehensive study is performed across different units of measure (kWh/kg, kWh/rod, kWh/m3, kWh/I-beam). An energy breakdown is provided, including a material-process balance assessment through the integration of material embodied energy. Finally, the impact of design opportunities offered by ASLM is studied, evaluating various unit-cells lattice geometries across a sensitivity study. ASLM is found to achieve an 88,6-99,7% energy reduction compared to other AM technologies, and lattice configurations assessed feature 1:10 energy consumption differences
Machine learning-boosted nonlinear homogenization
No full textInternational audiencePrevious research has established nonlinear homogenization as an efficient technique for deriving macroscopic constitutive relations and field statistics in heterogeneous (i.e. composite) materials. This method involves optimal linearization of the nonlinear composite, resulting in a best linear comparison composite that shares identical microstructure and field statistics with the nonlinear material. However, the computational time associated with this method increases as the fidelity of the material representation improves, limiting its practical implementation in commercial finite element software for large-scale structural calculations in which a Representative Volume Element must be considered at each integration point. To overcome this limitation without sacrificing precision or efficiency, machine learning can be employed to develop a digital twin of the homogenization-based constitutive law. This approach enables real-time prediction of macroscopic material behavior while maintaining accuracy. The effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated for two-phase composites with nonlinear power-law constitutive relations, and it has been successfully extended to model the complex three-dimensional behavior of viscoplastic polycrystals. In the latter case, a significant reduction in computational time has been achieved without compromising the precision of nonlinear homogenization method outputs
GTnum ScienceXGames CreaJV - Les éléments clés pour un atelier de création de jeu vidéo en classe - Groupes thématiques numériques de la Direction du numérique pour l'éducation (Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) 2021 - 2024
No full textProductions des groupes thématiques numériques (Direction du numérique pour l'éducation du Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche)The GTnum CreaJV (Groupe thématique numérique 2021 - 2024 “Apprendre par le jeu numérique” #CreaJV) has identified key elements for conducting a video game creation workshop in the classroom. This infographic explains how to set up a video game creation project in your school, and what resources you'll need to get started.Le GTnum CreaJV (Groupe thématique numérique 2021 - 2024 "Apprendre par le jeu numérique" #CreaJV) a identifié des éléments clés pour mener un atelier de création de jeu vidéo en classe. Cette infographie explique comment inscrire un projet de création de jeu vidéo dans son établissement et quels moyens mobiliser pour le mettre en place