HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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La didactique de la didactique professionnelle. Comment former à ces démarches dans l’enseignement supérieur ?
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Le travail des algorithmes
No full textFor some years now, algorithms have been the subject of studies questioning the ways in which they are changing our lifestyles and modes of production. However, the question of what they do directly at work remains little studied and apprehended under the prism of technical delegation, which nevertheless continues to grow. The aim of this issue is to compensate for this lack, through contributions that examine what algorithms do at work, the consequences of technical delegation for the organization of salaried activities, and the political modalities of algorithms at work. The research in this issue is based on fieldwork and analyses of sectors and environments as diverse as medicine, the music industry, software, the state, journalism and the on-demand economy.Les algorithmes font depuis quelques années l’objet d’études qui interrogent les manières dont ils changent nos modes de vie et de production. Toutefois, la question de ce qu’ils font directement au travail reste peu étudiée et appréhendée sous le prisme de la délégation technique qui ne cesse pourtant de croître. L'objectif de ce numéro est de compenser ce manque, à travers des contributions rendant compte ce que les algorithmes font au travail, des conséquences de la délégation technique dans l’organisation des activités salariées, ou encore des modalités politiques des algorithmes dans le travail. Les recherches composant ce numéro s’appuient sur des terrains et analyses étudiant des secteurs et milieux aussi divers que ceux de la médecine, de l’industrie musicale, du logiciel, de l’État, du journalisme ou de l’économie à la demande
Histoire des technicalités d'Internet : la vie administrative des équipements informatiques
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Intent-Driven Automata for Intent Structuring and Translation in Industry 4.0
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La délégation de prescription en soins primaires: l'agencement organisationnel au service du déplacement des frontières professionnelles
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A conceptual framework for artificial intelligence integration in retail banking
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Magnetic field measurement for contactless current sensing in power electronic converters
No full textInternational audienceCurrent sensing plays an important role in power electronics for both protection and control of power electronic converters. This paper proposes an approach for detecting short-circuit (SC) events through the measurement of the magnetic field radiated by power converters. Two magnetic field sensor technologies (AMR and induction coils) were evaluated. The magnetic field mapping over the PCB is carried out to estimate favorable positions for detecting SC events. The obtained results show that the induction coil is a promising candidate, not only for detecting a SC event but also for performing contactless current measurement in power converters. This work plans to develop the integration of contactless current sensors for power converters, or for intelligent drivers integrating protection against SC event (or over-currents), especially dedicated to wide band gap devices such as GaN and SiC materials which could have lower SC robustness compared to silicon
Ultra Large Container Vessels (ULCV) Strategies: Polarization in Progress (2020, 2022 and 2024)
No full textInternational audienceIt proposes elements of analysis relating to the strategic positioning of the Global Carriers. These operators are approached from the angle of their own choices of ports of call but also according to the choices made by their competitors and/or commercial partners. In some cases, those strategies could potentially turn out to be non – spatialized without any significant correlations with hinterlands served from the major ports of call.Based on the AIS signals emitted by giant container ships over three years, 2020, 2022 and 2024, we plan to study the restructuring of the world container network about the concentration of transport supply on the main trades. To do this, we consider ships of more than 12500EVP which structure the world container network. To do this, we will use various analysis methods derived from graph theory as well as an elementary multivariate approach and mapping. In conjunction with the use of tools and measures derived from graph theory, we propose, in a second phase, an analysis relating directly to the port calls made by the motherships operating the major containerised shipping services. We would like to discern the different strategic configurations for all the alliances over the three years, which could result in: - geographical rationalization of ports of call within an alliance, - localised competition in certain ports, where there would be strong competition between operators from alliances that over-subsidize them, - partial withdrawal from or gradual abandonment of certain ports, leading to a change in maritime access to certain markets over the period, which could even result in completed withdrawal,- a rationalized distribution of ports of call between the alliances (and therefore market sharing) based on real operational complementarity between the operators. The gigantic size of these ships is leading to a spatial polarisation of the market in a reduced number of ports: the ultra (ultimate) hubs. A smaller number of ports would be served by the global carriers' mother ships on each seaboard. Some current hub ports would be downgraded to regional sub-hubs. We could see a (re)distribution of shortsea shipping (feedering) with larger vessels from cascading. Future research should then focus on the spatial analysis of the interconnection between the ULCC services and feeder services
1 year of crisis in the Red Sea: what impact for the Adriatic ports?
No full textInternational audienceGeopolitical events in the Gulf of Aden have targeted merchant ships using the Suez Canal, particularly container ships. Since the first Houthi attacks, liner shipping companies have been bypassing the African continent via the Cape of Good Hope to secure trade between Asia, the Mediterranean and Europe. This major operational adjustment is having an impact on Mediterranean port connectivity and on the ports of the Adriatic Sea. The purpose of this presentation is to analyse the impact of this crisis on containerised traffic in Adriatic ports and on the strategies of shipping lines set up to serve this region. We will use the AIS signals emitted by ships over a period of one year before and after the first attack to assess the consequences of this political and maritime crisis. The Mediterranean Sea, by virtue of its geography and as a consequence of the crisis, has become a cul de sac. Companies are deploying new strategies to serve Mediterranean ports, and the Adriatic in particular. This reorganisation has had numerous consequences for the ports and their customers. Shipowners are relying mainly on the main hubs in the western Mediterranean, and even on other European hubs
French Listening Tests for the Assessment of Intelligibility, Quality, and Identity of Body-Conducted Speech Enhancement
No full textInternational audienceThis study evaluates the Extreme Bandwidth Extension Network (EBEN) model on body-conduction sensors through listening tests. Using the Vibravox dataset, we assess intelligibility with a French Modified Rhyme Test, speech quality with a MUSHRA (MUltiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor) protocol and speaker identity preservation with an A/B identification task. The experiments involved male and female speakers recorded with a forehead accelerometer, rigid in-ear and throat microphones. The results confirm that EBEN enhances both speech quality and intelligibility. It slightly degrades speaker identification performance when applied to female speakers' throat microphone recordings. The findings also demonstrate a correlation between Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (STOI) and perceived quality in body-conducted speech, while speaker verification using ECAPA2-TDNN aligns well with identification performance. No tested metric reliably predicts EBEN's effect on intelligibility