BioResources (E-Journal)
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Glued Laminated Robinia Hardwood Timber for Structural Use
No full textRobinia wood has a high technical and economic potential due to its future availability, its mechanical properties, and its durability. This also applies to its use in structural timber construction. Such applications require the manufacture of bonded construction products from this type of wood in order to compensate for dimensional shortcomings. In an application-oriented research project, tests were carried out for manufacturing technologies and resulting properties of glued laminated timber made from the hardwood species Robinia for structural purposes. Based on adapted visual grading rules, the strength and stiffness profiles of Robinia laminations were evaluated. The influence of different adhesive types and of production parameters on the strength and durability properties of glued finger joints and glulam bond-lines were characterised. By means of a simulation model based on X-FEM methods in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, the property potential of glued Robinia laminated timber was calculated. The model was calibrated by means of input parameters from the empirical lamination and finger joint test data and verified by a small series of full-scale glulam tests. The investigations showed the great potential of Robinia glulam, especially in highly loaded and heavily weathered applications
Medicinal Potential of Pine Trees: A Brief Review Focusing on Three Species
No full textPinus trees are widely distributed worldwide, and pine needles, pine bark, pinecones, etc., have potential medicinal value. This paper reviews the medicinal potential of extracts from different organs of three trees of the genus Pinus in East Asia. Studies have shown that pine trees are rich in bioactive compounds, and these compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, and hypolipidemic effects. The wide range of pharmacological activities of these bioactive components is helpful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, tumors, and other diseases. These findings can help promote research on the medicinal potential of Pinus and its organs to realize the efficient utilization of byproducts of pine resources
Physicochemical Properties and Cost-Benefit of Supplementing Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) in Sasso Broilers Production
No full textThere has been a growing interest in using natural alternatives to synthetic additives in animal feed. This study aimed to examine the physicochemical properties of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and its cost-benefit application in broiler production. The characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A feeding trial involving 216 Sasso broiler chicks was conducted to assess the economic value of including B. decumbens grass meal in their diets. The chicks were divided into six groups, with Treatments 1 and 2 serving as controls (without antibiotics and with oxytetracycline, respectively). Treatments 3 to 6 received diets supplemented with 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 g/kg of B. decumbens grass meal without antibiotics. Body weight and feed intake were monitored over eight weeks to determine growth performance and feed conversion ratio. Broilers in Treatment 6, which received 5.00 g/kg of the grass meal, showed significantly improved growth (p < 0.05). A cost-benefit analysis revealed that T6 was the most profitable, suggesting B. decumbens' potential as an effective feed additive for broilers
The Effect of Alkali Lignin on Laccase Activity and Mycelial Biomass of Flammulina velutipes: Alkali Lignin on Laccase Activity and Mycelial Biomass
No full textThe effect of alkali lignin on laccase activity and mycelial biomass of Flammulina velutipes was investigated under different fermentation temperature. The secretion of laccase by F. velutipes has certain specificity. Specifically, laccase activity could not be detected by F. velutipes CCMSSC 00103 under most fermentation medium, but could be detected by F. velutipes FL 19 under more fermentation medium. Among the three strains of F. velutipes, the laccase secretion capacity of F. velutipes FL 19 was obviously better than that of F. velutipes CCMSSC 05331 and F. velutipes CCMSSC 00103. Maximum laccase activity with the value of 73.42 ± 4.74 U/L was secreted by F. velutipes FL 19 in fermentation medium 2 appeared at 2th day. The presence of alkali lignin was useful for improving laccase activity secreted by F. velutipes and the effect of alkali lignin on improving laccase activity exceeded that of Populus beijingensis. F. velutipes were more suitable for secreting laccase at 26 ℃ due to the maximum laccase activity measured at 26 ℃ (73.42 ± 4.74 U/L) higher than that measured at 33 ℃ (70.71 ± 6.89 U/L). The results were useful for selecting suitable medium and temperature of F. velutipes strains to produce low-cost laccase
Valorization of Agricultural Residues: Challenges and Opportunities in the Production of Bio-Based Materials
No full textEnvironmental pollution and resource waste resulting from the disposal of agricultural biomass waste have become a global issue. Consequently, the pursuit of sustainable strategies for recycling such waste biomass and achieving its efficient and high-value conversion has emerged as a critical challenge that presents for both the global academic and industrial communities. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in recycling and conversion of agricultural biomass waste into a variety of bio-based materials, with a particular focus on the biochar, nanocellulose, and bio-based plastics. Potential applications of these bio-based materials in agriculture and beyond with high added-value, such as cosmetics and biomedicine, are discussed with representative cases study. This review also highlights the challenges and future prospects in converting agricultural residues into various bio-based materials. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the understanding and promotion of recycling and reutilization of agricultural biomass waste, offering promising solutions for sustainable development of agricultural production
Performance of Polyurethane Adhesive in Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timber
No full textAs hardwood cross-laminated timber (CLT) gains attention due to its construction potential, understanding the interaction between hardwood panels and adhesives is critical for ensuring structural integrity and longevity of buildings. This study investigated adhesive bonding properties in hardwood CLT made from red oak (Quercus spp. L.), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), using southern pine (Pinus spp. L.) (SP) as a control. Adhesive performance was evaluated through shear block tests to assess the bond line shear strength and delamination tests to measure the bond durability under cyclic moisture conditions. Results indicated significant variations in adhesive performance among the hardwood CLT specimens compared to SP, with differences in both shear strength and delamination resistance. Red oak CLT exhibited significantly greater delamination compared to all the other species. The delamination observed among the yellow poplar samples was not significantly different than that of the control SP samples. The shear block results indicated that the bond line strength of both red oak and yellow poplar samples was significantly greater than that of the control samples. These findings provide critical insights into selecting and optimizing adhesives for hardwood CLT production
Cassava Chaff Ash as Potential Adsorbent for Arsenic Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution: Evaluations of Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Properties
No full textCassava chaff in its raw and heat-treated (ash) forms was studied as an adsorbent for the removal of arsenic (As(V)) from aqueous solutions in a batch process. The findings indicated that pH significantly influenced As adsorption efficiency on raw cassava chaff, with optimal adsorption (78.6%) observed at a pH of approximately 4.5. Adsorption isotherm modeling revealed that the Langmuir model was more applicable to heat-treated cassava chaff, with maximum adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g, whereas the Freundlich model better described As adsorption on raw cassava chaff with maximum adsorption capacity of 82.2 mg/g. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model accurately represented As adsorption onto raw cassava chaff, while the pseudo-first-order model best fit the kinetics for heat-treated cassava chaff. The enthalpy change for heat-treated cassava chaff and raw sample were +35.3 kJ/mol and +55.3 kJ/mol, respectively, suggesting the process to be endothermic. Information from Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that the adsorbent was made up of cellulose and hemicellulose materials. Functional groups including OH, C=C, C=O, and C-O may be involved in the uptake of As(V) ions. This work highlights heat-treated cassava chaff as a promising, robust solution for As-contaminated water treatment.
Effects of Intersection Angle on the Nail-holding Performances of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Dimension Lumber
No full textSelf-tapping screws and round steel nails were driven into Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata dimension lumber pieces to explore the influence of intersection angle on nail-holding performance, expecting to provide a more complete scientific basis for the connection of wood structures. The results showed that (1) as the intersection angle declined, the nail-holding strength of self-tapping screws for both P. massoniana and C. lanceolata dimension lumber gradually decreased. At the intersection angle of 90°, nail-holding strength was the maximum, being 79.8 and 80.5 N/mm, respectively; (2) With the reduction of the intersection angle, the nail-holding strength of round steel nails for both dimension lumber initially increased and then gradually declined. The maximum nail-holding strength (21.0 N/mm) of P. massoniana appeared at the intersection angle of 45° while that (22.3 N/mm) of C. lanceolata appeared at 60°; (3) No matter for self-tapping screws or round steel nails, the rigidity at the connection point was the greatest at the intersection angles of 90° and 0° (cross-section). If diagonally nailed into lumber, both self-tapping screws and round steel nails can enhance the ductility of connection joints, where the former exerts a more evident effect
Biological Activities of Quinoa Seeds Extract and their Effects on Antioxidants of Cancer Cells and Ultrastructure of Candida tropicalis
No full textOver the current decade, drugs based on natural sources have attracted much consideration. Quinoa seeds extract (QSE) was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry which reflected the presence of 23 compounds. QSE exhibited anticancer effect against prostate (PC-3) and ovarian (SKOV3) cancer cell lines with IC50 65.21 ± 0.24 µg/mL and 81.45 ± 0.79 µg/mL, respectively. Apoptosis of cancer cells was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Oxidative markers including catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase decreased in specimens treated by QSE, while malondialdehyde increased in treated cancer cells. Growth of different yeasts was inhibited by QSE with different inhibition zones of 12±0.33, 13±1.5, and 21±0.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 250, 125, and 31.2 µg/mL using Candida glubruim, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy reflected ultrastructure changes in treated C. tropicalis by QSE, including cell wall rupture, collapse of cytoplasm, and shrinking of cytoplasmic membrane. It was concluded that QSE could suppress the proliferation of SKOV3 cells in vitro and induce their apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of tested yeasts might be mediated by ultrastructural changes
On the Edge of Survival: The Fragile Fate of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Central Anatolia, Türkiye Under Climate Change
No full textScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an essential species for biodiversity and ecosystem services in Türkiye, yet it is becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change, especially in climatically marginal areas such as Central Anatolia. This study used MaxEnt modeling along with CHELSA V2.1 climate projections to evaluate the current and future distribution of Scots pine under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1 2.6, SSP3 7.0, SSP5 8.5) projected for the year 2100. The key climatic factors influencing habitat suitability include precipitation seasonality (Bio15) and temperature seasonality (Bio7). The results show that while 34% of Central Anatolia is currently suitable for Scots pine, habitat suitability could decline by 91% under SSP5 8.5, leaving only 4% of the region viable for the species by 2100. This significant reduction highlights the uncertain future of Scots pine populations in the area. Unlike previous research, this study provides a high-resolution analysis that incorporates fine-scale environmental and topographical variables, emphasizing the importance of mid-altitude refugia as potential climate shelters. Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG15), this study underscores the need to incorporate climate projections into forest management practices. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of climate-induced range shifts and inform adaptive conservation strategies for other vulnerable tree species in semiarid regions