Revistas Científicas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
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Impulsando el Rol de la Educación Superior Inclusiva. Hacía dónde vamos con las Personas con Discapacidad Visual
Get PDFThe pillars of Higher Education in Paraguay are combined with teaching, research and extension, in that constant framework of challenges, challenges and opportunities that invite us to be, learn and demonstrate knowledge through teaching. The arrival of the Pandemic (COVID 19), in order to continue with academic activities, the Polytechnic Faculty of the National University of Asunción (FPUNA) through the Department in charge of virtuality, has taken the reins by supporting teachers, students and officials to continue with the normal development of classes, from there arises the objective of: “Promote the inclusion of people with visual disabilities in Higher Education in order to collaborate with training, using tiflotechnology”. For this purpose, an exploratory methodology was proposed that consisted of a virtual interview conducted with an expert in the area of Tiflotechnology and STEAM in order to publicize the particularities of acquiring tiflotechnology equipment and the necessary training. It is expected that the UNA can offer accessible courses for training aimed at the competencies significantly expressed by people with visual disabilities with the intention of pursuing a university degree.Los pilares de la Educación Superior en el Paraguay se conjugan con la docencia, investigación y extensión, en ese marco constante de retos, desafíos y oportunidades que invitan a ser, aprender y demostrar los conocimientos a través de la enseñanza. La llegada de la Pandemia (COVID-19), ha descompaginado las actividades académicas y a fin de continuar, la Facultad Politécnica de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (FPUNA) a través del Departamento encargado de la virtualidad, ha tomado la riendas apoyando a los docentes, estudiantes y funcionarios para continuar con el desarrollo normal de las clases, de allí surge el objetivo de: “Impulsar la inclusión de personas con discapacidad visual a la Educación Superior a fin de colaborar con la formación, utilizando la tiflotecnología”. Para ello se propuso una metodología exploratoria que consistió en una entrevista virtual realizada a una experta del área de Tiflotecnología y STEAM a fin de dar a conocer las particularidades de adquisición de equipos tiflotecnológicos y las capacitaciones necesarias. Se espera que la UNA pueda ofrecer carreras accesibles para la formación orientados a las competencias significativamente manifestado por las PDV con intenciones de cursar una carrera universitaria
Interculturalidad en la academia
Get PDFThis text recognizes the concept of interculturality as a progressive evolution of realities, both in the West and in the southern region, from academic spaces as a transformative element, allowing discussion, reflection and internalization of the concept based on ethics, granting the possibility of building or being a bridge of knowledge that explores in the other what is necessary for one’s own development, without this becoming a tool of exploitation, but rather, an element that encourages living spaces . From a documentary review, the concept of interculturality is exalted through education and that as a result it acts as an integrating axis of the social dynamics that occur in the world-system and that are reflected in the microcosm that is the University.El presente texto reconoce el concepto de interculturalidad como una evolución progresiva de las realidades, tanto de occidente como de la región sur, desde los espacios académicos como un elemento transformador, permitiendo la discusión, reflexión e interiorización del concepto a partir de la ética, otorgando la posibilidad de construir o ser puente de conocimiento que explora en el otro lo que es necesario para el desarrollo propio, sin que este se convierta en una herramienta de explotación, sino más bien, en un elemento que aliente espacios de vida. Desde una revisión documental, se exalta el concepto de interculturalidad por medio de la educación y que como resultado actúa como eje integrador de las dinámicas sociales que se presentan en el sistema-mundo y que se ven reflejadas en el microcosmos que es la Universidad
Innovación pedagógica en la Arquitectura: Transformando el Currículum para enfrentar los retos del futuro
Get PDFThis paper presents the methodology that was followed for the curricular redesign of the Universidad Autónoma de Centro América, with an approach based on research, innovation and foresight. In addition to the comprehensive evaluation of the curriculum, the process includes global trends in the training of professionals in Architecture, the analysis of the SDGs, the Tuning Latin America project, as well as the perspectives of various sectors related to the discipline. As a result, a panoramic view of the characteristics and repercussions in different areas of professional practice is obtained; in this way, a model is built, identifying the impact variables and their indicators. As a learning strategy, the Transversal Design Workshop is implemented, based on Problem-Based Learning, with a structuring of the contents that considers the sequential, progressive and spiral model, which implies a journey in which students internalize interconnected knowledge of increasing complexity, based on a realsituation.La ponencia presenta la metodología que se siguió para el rediseño curricular de la carrera de Arquitectura de la Universidad, con un enfoque basado en la investigación, la innovación y la prospectiva. Además de la evaluación integral del plan de estudios, el proceso incluye las tendencias globales en formación de profesionales en Arquitectura, el análisis de los ODS, el proyecto Tuning América Latina, así como las perspectivas de diversos sectores relacionados con la disciplina. Como resultado, se obtiene una visión panorámica de las características y repercusiones en diferentes ámbitos del ejercicio profesional; de esta manera, se construye un modelo, identificando las variables de impacto y sus indicadores. Tomando como referencia el estudio prospectivo, se midió el nivel de intensidad de los problemas a los que se enfrentará el egresado. La elaboración se sustenta en la técnica del ábaco de Regnier, método de tipo cualitativo. Como estrategia de aprendizaje, se implementa el Taller Transversal de Diseño, fundamentado en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, con una estructuración de los contenidos que toma cuenta el modelo secuencial, progresivo y en espiral, que implica un recorrido en el que los estudiantes van internalizando saberes interconectados y de complejidad creciente, a partir de una situación real
Associação entre a posição dos terceiros molares impactados e a reabsorção radicular externa dos segundos molares adjacentes observada por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico
Get PDFObjective: To determine the association between the position of impacted third molars and root resorption of adjacent second molars observed through cone-beam computed tomography in patients who attended a dental teaching center in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational study was conducted on 84 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans that met the selection criteria, evaluating 153 impacted third molars according to Winter’s classification and their respective adjacent second molars. Results: Impacted third molars were found predominantly among women (57.1%; n = 48) and in patients aged 16 to 25 (59.5%; n = 50), with a predominance of the mesioangular position (77.8%; n = 119) and mandibular location (81.0%; n = 124). External root resorption of the second molar was observed in 13.1% (n = 20) of the total cases, mostly in women (70.0%; n = 14) and in patients aged 16 to 25 (60.0%; n = 12). The most frequent location was the cervical third (60.0%; n = 12), and the degree of resorption was mostly mild (80.0%; n = 16). A statistically significant association was observed between impacted third molars and external root resorption of the adjacent second molar (p < 0.001), as well as between the latter and the position of the impacted third molar (p = 0.002). Conclusions: There is an association between the position of the impacted third molar and root resorption of adjacent second molars, with the mesioangular position presenting the highest risk.Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre la posición de terceros molares impactados y la reabsorción radicular de segundos molares adyacentes observadas mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico de pacientes que asistieron a un centro dental docente de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo y observacional en 84 tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico que cumplieron los criterios de selección, evaluándose 153 terceros molares impactados según la clasificación de Winter y sus respectivos segundos molares adyacentes. Resultados: Los terceros molares impactados se presentaron principalmente en mujeres (57,1 %; n = 48) y en pacientes de 16 a 25 años (59,5 %; n = 50), con predominio de la posición mesioangular (77,8 %; n = 119) y de la ubicación en el maxilar inferior (81,0 %; n = 124). La reabsorción radicular externa del segundo molar se observó en el 13,1 % (n = 20) del total, mayormente en mujeres (70,0 %, n = 14) y pacientes de 16 a 25 años (60,0 %; n = 12); asimismo, su localización más frecuente fue el tercio cervical (60,0 %; n = 12) y el grado de reabsorción fue en su mayoría leve (80,0 %; n = 16). Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los terceros molares impactados y la reabsorción radicular externa del segundo molar adyacente (p < 0,001), así como entre esta última y la posición del tercer molar impactado (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la posición del tercer molar impactado y la reabsorción radicular de segundos molares adyacentes, siendo la posición mesioangular la de mayor riesgo.Objetivo: Estabelecer a associação entre a posição dos terceiros molares impactados e a reabsorção radicular dos segundos molares adjacentes observada por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico em pacientes atendidos em um centro odontológico universitário em Lima, Peru. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, retrospectivo e observacional em 84 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico que atendiam aos critérios de seleção, avaliando-se 153 terceiros molares impactados de acordo com a classificação de Winter e seus respectivos segundos molares adjacentes. Resultados: Os terceiros molares impactados ocorreram principalmente em mulheres (57,1%; n = 48) e em pacientes de 16 a 25 anos (59,5%; n = 50), com predominância da posição mesioangular (77,8%; n = 119) e da localização no maxilar inferior (81,0%; n = 124). A reabsorção radicular externa do segundo molar foi observada em 13,1% (n = 20) do total, principalmente em mulheres (70,0%, n = 14) e em pacientes de 16 a 25 anos (60,0%; n = 12); além disso, sua localização mais frequente foi o terço cervical (60,0%; n = 12) e o grau de reabsorção foi, em sua maioria, leve (80,0%; n = 16). Observou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre os terceiros molares impactados e a reabsorção radicular externa do segundo molar adjacente (p < 0,001), bem como entre esta última e a posição do terceiro molar impactado (p = 0,002). Conclusões: Existe uma associação entre a posição do terceiro molar impactado e a reabsorção radicular dos segundos molares adjacentes, sendo a posição mesioangular a de maior risco
Efecto del extracto atomizado de Lepidium meyenii (Maca Negra) en la Memoria Espacial Visual en ratones orquidectomizados
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar el efecto del Extracto de Maca Negra en la Memoria Espacial Visual (MEV) en ratones machos orquidectomizados. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron 61 ratones machos de la cepa Swiss de 3 meses de edad, de los cuales 25 ratones fueron sometidos a orquidectomía. El tratamiento duró 55 días, en el que se administró extracto atomizado de Lepidium meyenii (Maca negra). La dosis fue equivalente a 1g de hipocótilo seco/kg de peso corporal. La prueba de nado de Morris se aplicó desde el día 50 hasta el día 55 (5 días). Resultados: El peso corporal del grupo de ratones castrados y tratados con el extracto atomizado de Maca Negra (CTX-MN) disminuyó significativamente al final del tratamiento (p<0.05) con respecto al grupo control (CTX-MN). En la prueba de Nado de Morris, el tiempo de Latencia de Escape disminuyó en los ratones orquidectomizados y tratados con el extracto atomizado de Maca Negra (CTX-MN) con respecto al grupo control (CTX) en el quinto día de prueba (p<0.05). Conclusiones: El extracto atomizado de Maca Negra mejora la Memoria Espacial Visual (MEV) disminuyendo el tiempo de Latencia de escape en la prueba de nado de Morris en ratones deficientes de andrógenos
Pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema
No full textMadison strain Sprague-Dawlet rats were exposed to low barometric pressures of 2g4 and 236 torr, or 8.5 % oxygen at normal pressure for 8- 10 hours. This resulted in an increase of pulmonary artery or right ventricular systolic pressure from 30.5 to 49 torr. Ultrastructural studies of the lung showed evidence of stress failure of pulmonary capillaries including disruption of the capillary endothelial layer, alveolar epithelial layer, or all layer of the wall, red blood cells (RBCs) and edema fluid in the alveolar wall interstitium, proteinaceous fluid and RBCS in the alveolar spaces, and fluid-filled protrusions of the endothelium into the capillary lumen. These appearances are consistent with the ultrastructural changes we have previously described in rabbit lung when the capillaries are exposed to high transmural pressures, strongly suggesting that the pathogenesis of HAPE is stress failure of pulmonary capillaries.
The effect of hypoxia on beta-adrenoreceptors in lymphocytes of highlanders
No full text In order to assess the possible role of β-AR desensitization in the genesis of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HPAH), we conducted investigations of healthy highlanders in the Kyrgyz National Center of cardiology and internal medicine in Bishkek (760 m above sea level). It was shown that these conditionally healthy highlanders represented the heterogeneous group consisting of 3 subpopulations: 1) nonresponders; 2) hyperresponders; 3) with moderate HPAH. In these three groups the discrepancies of the β-AR response to hypoxia were determined. In nonresponders hypoxia did not change the amount of β-AR (Bmax). In hyperresponders under normoxia BMax was decreased compared to normoresponders and hypoxia increased it up to the level of nonresponders. In highlanders with moderate HPAH BMax was initially high and it further increased under hypoxic conditions. Our studies of adenylate cyclase activation under hypoxic conditions demonstrated that basal and agoniststimulated cAMP level in blood lymphocytes were reduced in all three groups of highlanders, that revealed the uncoupling of β-AR with Gs- protein and the development of receptor desensitization
Exercise training at high altitude: How do the respiratory muscles respond?
No full textLike all vertebrate skeletal muscles, the ventilatory muscles (VM) of humans can adaptively improve in their functional capacities Since these changes occur consistently in response to specific VM strenght and endurance training protocols, one would assume the same principles of skeletal muscle training can be applied to the VM. It is apparent, however, that VM adaptations require a very strong exercise stimulus (and perhaps a VM training specific stimulus) as chronic whole animal endurance exercise do not appear to have significant or even predictable effect effect on the structural or functional aspects of the VM This manuscript reviews the equivocal results regarding animals respiratory muscles to various programs of regular endurance exercise. It also reviews endurance training studies at high altitude, predicted to increase the strenght of the stimulas for VM adaptations, which again fails to elicit VM functional changes. Finally, since there seems to be a poor relationship between VM power and endurance with increases in (even al altitude) the question is raised as to wheter the evolutionary design of the VM is primarily for "breathing". We propose an alternative hypothesis that ventilation has not been selected as the primary task of the VM, Rather, non-breathing tasks put a larger demand on the "ventilatory muscles" than does ventilation per se.
Early cardiac myocyte responses to hypoxia, ischemia, and reoxygenation
No full textMyocardial ischemia is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in Western populations. The multiple ischemia-associated conditions share the common property of reduced, abnormal, or lost contraction due to impaired oxygen. delivery to a region of the myocardium. In all conditions the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand may be transitory, related to periods of physical exertion and/or mental stress. As a consequence, tissue experiencing repetitive ischemic episodes will suffer damage both from the ischemia (hypoxia, lactic acid), and from subsequent reperfusion (oxidative stress). Myocardial ischemia is commonly accompanied by hypertrophy involving increased cardiac growth and altered gene expression. By increasing left ventricle wall thickness and oxygen diffusion distances, hypertrophy exacerbates the ischemia and leads to a progressive and self-perpetuating pathology. In studies using models of simulated ischemia we have begun to unravel the molecular events that determine the responses of cardiac myocytes to redox stress. This work identified a unique network of intracellular signals, initiated by hypoxic and hyperoxic stresses, that promotes either adptive/defensive modifications, or cell death through apoptosis. Early signaling events in response to severe hypoxia include changes in lipid metabolism, calcium handling, intracellular pH, and protein kinase C activity. These culminate in the induction of immediate-early stress response genes including c-fos and cjun which code for transcription facto API. Downstream targets for the early responses include skeletal a-actin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and glycolytic enzyme genes. Chronic hypoxia involves down regulation of cAMP, protein kinase A, and enhanced apoptosis. Reoxygenation caused a weak transient activation of mitogen activated protein kinase, strong sustained activation of the stress activated protein kinase cascade, induction of downstream targets including API, suppression of Spl activity, and an additional wave of apoptosis.
High altitude disease on the Tibetan plateau.
No full textIn China, the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, in which lives both Tibetan natives and Chinese immigrants (Han). This paper deals with questions concerning high altitude disease (HAD) on the plateau. There are three main serious altitude health problems. First high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). A high incidence is observed between newcomers to high altitude and lower incidence of HAPE after reascent of Tibetans are quite different with reports from North America and from the Andes. Second, high altitude heart disease (HAHD). The infants and children are aspeciall y at risk. Most infants affected by this disease are from Han origin, and presented severe congestive cardiac failure due to pulmonory hypertension fewe months after birth or after arrival to high altitude. Autopsies show right ventricular hypertrophy and muscular thickening of peripheral pulmonary arteries. The average mortality was 15%, so that infantile HAHD is a fatal disease. Third, Monge's disease or chronic mountain sickness (CMS). 15 patients with CMS in indigenous Tibetans were observed during 1991 -1993. Pathophysiological studies werw performed. Both epidemiological and clinical investigative data show that CMS exists on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.