HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
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Joint distribution of adaptive and quantitative effects of QTLs affecting a complex trait under selection
No full textInternational audienc
Reassessment of extracellular and intracellular activity of macrolides, rifampicin, and doxycycline against Rhodococcus equi based on bacterial counts and microscopy
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections in foals, requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment. Despite its in vitro susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, the in vivo eradication of intracellular R. equi remains challenging due to its ability to persist and survive within alveolar macrophages. This study aimed to assess in vitro the extracellular and intracellular activity of rifampicin, doxycycline, and four macrolides against R. equi while assessing current methodologies used to differentiate intracellular and extracellular bacteria. We found that the removal of extracellular R. equi with short times of exposure to bactericidal drugs was challenging. We thus proposed an alternative approach with washing steps to assess intracellular antibiotic activity by combining bacterial counts and optical microscopy. Our results indicated that clarithromycin alone, as well as azithromycin or gamithromycin in combination with doxycycline, dramatically reduced both intracellular and extracellular R. equi . This study also highlighted the need for refined in vitro methodologies to assess antibiotic efficacy against R. equi, ultimately contributing to the development of optimized treatment strategies for R. equi infections in foals. IMPORTANCE Rhodococcus equi is a major cause of pneumonia in foals and represents a serious challenge for the equine sector due to the need for prolonged and sometimes ineffective antibiotic treatments. This study highlights the limitations of current in vitro methods used to evaluate antibiotic activity against R. equi , by demonstrating that widely used bactericidal antibiotics like gentamicin may not eliminate extracellular bacteria as effectively as previously assumed, and we emphasize the risk of overestimating intracellular bacterial survival in experimental models. We therefore propose a new method that allows more accurate assessment of antibiotic efficacy within host cells. Our findings help refine in vitro testing strategies and support the identification of antibiotic combinations with effective intracellular activity, offering new perspectives for improving treatment protocols against R. equi infections in foals
La morsure de queue chez le porc : de la mesure aux solutions génétiques pour limiter le phénomène
No full textCet article est la compilation d’informations issues d’une synthèse réalisée pour les Journées de la Recherche Porcine (Canario & Larzul, 2023) et d’un chapitre de livre sur la morsure de queue (Canario & Larzul, 2024).International audienceThe determinism of tail biting is multifactorial and complex. The general preventive measure is tail docking of piglets shortly after birth. In recent years, a number of recommendations have been issued to limit tail biting and, consequently, tail docking. However, pigs sharing the same environment show widely varying responses to this biting phenomenon. To make progress, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the factors specific to each individual. This review looks at the genetic and biological factors - body condition, sensitivity to stress, health and microbiota - that interact with the environment to influence the expression of tail-biting. All these factors interact with the genetic predisposition of each animal to bite or have its tail bitten. Progress is expected in the measurement of animal behaviour, working on the biting-victim-neutral typology and the characterisation of their physical and social environment to reduce tail biting. The genetic solution has not been sufficiently exploited to reduce tail biting. The acquisition of continuous individual data at group level and in large populations over several generations is imperative to be able to assess the genetic effects linked to social interactions between pigs. Analytical models that take into account several internal factors at the same time, their evolution over time, and the composition of the group of individuals are now available. Their use should make it possible to improve the welfare of pigs reared in groups.Le déterminisme de la morsure de queue est multifactoriel et complexe. La mesure préventive généralisée est la coupe de queue des porcelets peu après la naissance. Depuis quelques années, de nombreuses recommandations invitant à agir sur l’environnement de l’animal ont été émises pour limiter la morsure de queue et donc la caudectomie. Cependant, les porcs qui partagent le même environnement peuvent montrer des réponses largement variables vis-à-vis de ce phénomène de morsure. Pour progresser, il est nécessaire d'approfondir notre compréhension des facteurs propres à chaque individu. Cette synthèse s’intéresse aux facteurs génétiques et biologiques – l’état corporel, la sensibilité au stress, la santé et le microbiote – qui interviennent en interaction avec l’environnement sur l’expression de la caudophagie. Tous ces facteurs interagissent avec la prédisposition génétique de chaque animal à mordre ou se faire mordre la queue. Des progrès sont attendus sur la mesure du comportement des animaux, pour travailler sur la typologie mordeur-victime-neutre et la caractérisation de leur environnement physique et social. L’acquisition de données individuelles en continu au niveau du groupe et dans de grandes populations sur plusieurs générations est impérative pour pouvoir évaluer les effets génétiques liés aux interactions sociales entre les porcs. Des modèles analytiques qui tiennent compte de plusieurs facteurs internes à la fois, de leur évolution dans le temps, et de la composition du groupe d’individus sont maintenant disponibles. Leur utilisation devrait permettre d’utiliser le levier de la sélection génétique pour améliorer le bien-être des porcs élevés en groupe
First detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever antibodies in cattle and wildlife of southern continental France: Investigation of explanatory factors
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616279/)International audienceCrimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonosis of major public health concern, not only because of its potential for severe outcomes in humans, but also due to its endemic presence in many regions and its expanding geographic distribution. We report on the first serological survey conducted in mainland France to detect antibodies against the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in domestic and wild fauna, and provides critical insights into the virus's circulation. We analyzed 8,609 cattle sera and 2,182 wildlife sera collected across the French Mediterranean region from 2008 to 2022, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and pseudo-plaque reduction neutralization tests (PPRNT) for antibody detection and confirmation. Seropositivity was detected in both cattle (2.04%) and wildlife (2.25%), with higher rates observed in specific regions including the Pyrénées-Orientales and Hautes-Pyrénées. These findings reveal spatial clusters of CCHFV circulation and suggest the existence of enzootic transmission cycles involving local tick vectors and animal hosts. Our multivariate analysis identified key factors that influence seropositivity, including animal age, habitat characteristics, and potential wildlife interactions. The presence of natural open habitats and coniferous forests was significantly associated with higher seropositivity in cattle, while sex and geographical variability played a role in wildlife seroprevalence. These findings highlight the importance of environmental and anthropogenic factors in shaping the dynamics of CCHFV transmission. This work demonstrates that CCHFV is actively circulating in parts of mainland France, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and integrated approaches to monitor zoonotic pathogens. It also raises questions about the role of additional tick vectors, such as Hyalomma lusitanicum, in the transmission cycle. These results advance our understanding of CCHF epidemiology and offer valuable guidance for public health strategies to mitigate the risks associated with this emerging disease
A Preliminary Search for Planets and Exozodiacal Emission Around α Centauri A with JWST/MIRI
No full textInternational audienceAbstract We present F1550C (15.5 μ m) coronagraphic imaging observations of the nearest solar-type star α Cen A using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI). The observations, executed in 2025 February, were compromised by having only one successful roll and degraded performance due to a position mismatch (Δ r ∼ 10 mas) between α Cen A and the best-matching reference observation behind the MIRI coronagraph. We set preliminary upper limits on both the presence of a planet and an exozodiacal dust disk. The observations are sensitive to a planet heated by α Cen A (200–250 K) with a radius ≳1 R Jup at a separation of 1 . ″ 5 (2 au) and zodiacal dust emission at the level of ≳5–10 times the brightness of our own zodiacal cloud. A complete analysis of all JWST/MIRI observations of α Cen A is forthcoming in Paper I (Beichman & Sanghi et al. 2025, in preparation) and Paper II (Sanghi & Beichman et al. 2025, in preparation)
Rationale and design of the AlloFIST trial: a phase I/IIa study to evaluate dose escalation of allogeneic adipose-derived stroma/stem cells for the treatment of Crohn’s fistula
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract distinguished by progressive bowel damage with a risk of structuring and penetrating complications. It is characterised by focal or segmental transmural inflammation that disrupts intestinal mucosal integrity and favours the development of abscesses and fistulas. Perianal fistula develops in 13%–39% of patients with CD. Their care is difficult but improves with medical and surgical treatment to preserve anal continence and avoid a maximum proctectomy. Combined treatment with seton placement and concomitant anti-TNF (infliximab, adalimumab) allows wound healing in 40%–70% of cases. The currently available treatments are not curative and fail to provide a long-term resolution. The injection of adipose stromal cells is currently being evaluated in clinical studies for repair-damaged tissues in various diseases (limb ischaemia, osteoarthritis, systemic sclerosis, etc). Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of AdMSC (adipose-derived stroma/stem cells) are responsible for accelerating healing and represent an innovative approach for treating perianal fistulas associated with CD. Methods and analysis This phase I/IIa study is designed to assess the treatment of complex perianal fistulas linked with CD after failure of conventional treatment by injection of AdMSC (CellReady) into the fistula. Two doses of associated AdMSC will be tested for a dose escalation (5×10 7 and 10×10 7 cells) and injected into the wall of the fistula. Those eligible for inclusion include patients with controlled luminal CD characterised by a Harvey-Bradshaw score below or equal to eight and diagnosed on clinical, endoscopic, histological and/or radiological criteria, a colonoscopy dating back less than 1 year without ulcer in the rectum and presence of complex chronic perianal fistula with a maximum of two internal ports and three external ports. All patients must have social security insurance or equivalent social protection. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal dose corresponding to maximum efficacy 6 months after injection of cells with a treatment-related adverse event rate of 20%. Ethics and dissemination The EU CT number 2024-511821-75-00 was approved by the following Ethics Committee: CPP (committee for the protection of persons in French: comité de protection des personnes) Ouest 1 – Tours #2024UEMED-18 and ANSM (French Agency for the Safety of Health and Medicinal Products in French : Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé) #2024-511821-75-00 (Sponsor number RC31/13/7030, protocol V2.1). The results will be disseminated through conventional scientific channels. Trial registration number NCT06636032 . The results will be disseminated through conventional scientific channels
Système de Sauvegarde des Trames LoRaWan (STL)
No full textInternational audienceUne coupure ou une interruption réseau est un problème que l’on peut rencontrer de temps en temps dans les unités expérimentales (UE). Cependant, dans le cadre d’expérimentations avec des capteurs LoRaWan destinés à relever des données environnementales, un manque d'informations dû à de telles coupures peut rapidement devenir problématique. Cela peut, en effet, fausser des modèles de prévisions ou compromettre la fiabilité des expérimentations en cours.Afin de pallier ce problème, un système de sauvegarde des trames LoRaWan a été conçu.Il permet de capturer, transmettre et analyser les données lorsqu’une coupure réseau survient entre une UE/IE et le Data Center LoRaWan situé sur le centre INRAE – Occitanie Toulouse. Pour ce faire, le système se décompose en trois parties :• Capture et stockage local : les trames brutes des tous les capteurs sont en permanence interceptées puis stockées sur un serveur situé dans les UE/IE. Une fois la connexion avec le Data Center de Toulouse rétablie, ces trames sont envoyées par blocs.• Décodage : les trames sont ensuite décodées sur le Data Center de Toulouse à l’aide des informations conservées sur le serveur LoRaWan (ici, Chirpstack).• Stockage et distribution : enfin, les trames décodées sont reconstituées puis insérées dans les bases de données InfluxDB, permettant à la fois leur conservation et leur exploitation via des services comme Grafana.Tous ces scripts sont codés en C#. Ils peuvent aussi fonctionner sur des mini-serveurs comme le Raspberry PI à l'aide du Framework Mono.Ce système, encore en phase de test dans certaines UE, a déjà su démontrer son efficacité.Par exemple, lors de la coupure du Data Center de Toulouse en 2025, il a permis de récupérer jusqu’à 10 jours de données, qui auraient autrement été perdues sur des unités non équipées de ce dispositif
Opinion and report of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) relating to an analysis of the health risks associated with exposure to caterpillars with stinging hairs and the development of management recommendations
No full textXavier Bailly et Elsa Jourdain ne sont pas auteurs mais relecteurs du rapportInternational audienceSeveral species of Lepidoptera with caterpillars bearing urticating hairs are increasing their range in metropolitan France from year to year, such as the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis et Schiffermüller 1775) whose presence was historically limited to the south of France, and which is gradually being observed in the north and at higher altitudes. The procession period also seems to be appearing earlier. Climate change could have an impact on the range and phenology of this species, as well as other species of Lepidoptera with caterpillar bearing urticating hairs. Urticating caterpillars, which can trigger diffuse urticariform papules and allergic reactions for human people through contact with the skin, mucous membranes or inhalation, represent a health issue. These caterpillars also cause a health risk for animals and can have an impact on plants due to the resulting defoliation. This risk assessment therefore focused on the risk posed by these urticating caterpillars in areas where they have been established for a long time as well as in areas where they currently do not occur but could be colonized in the short or medium terms. One of the outputs of the evaluation consisted in identifying 55 different species of Lepidoptera with urticating caterpillars, for metropolitan France, but also for the overseas regions, based on the review by Kawamoto and Kumada (1984) and the GBIF database. In addition, detailed sheets for the well‐known species were drawn up, describing in particular their range, their phenology and the period when the urticating stages occur. A literature review as well as data from poison control centres and the analysis of the results of two surveys (of three associations of dermatologists/allergists and of occupational populations at risk) allowed to characterize the contexts of exposure and the human populations at risk. Concerning animal health, in addition to an epidemioclinical description based on the literature, data from veterinary poison control centres were analyzed in the specific case of dog exposure to the pine processionary between 1999 and 2021 in metropolitan french territory. Given the impact of these species of Lepidoptera on ecosystems, due to the defoliation they induce, this scientific opinion investigated the impact of these species on ecosystem services. The socio‐economic impacts of defoliations and risk management measures implemented in the event of an outbreak were studied based on a literature review and simulations for forest recreation. To represent risk for the whole metropolitan France territory, three risk maps of the human population exposure to the pine processionary, the oak processionary and the brown‐tail moth were designed at municipality level. A multi‐criteria analysis was undertaken to characterize danger (urticating caterpillars) and vulnerability of human populations. Then, the municipalities were ranked according to their level of danger and vulnerability. As a result, municipalities have been classified into 5 danger classes and 5 vulnerability classes. Based on a risk matrix with levels of hazard (abscissa axis) and levels of vulnerability (ordinate axis), 5 levels of risk were finally defined and the 34,816 municipalities of metropolitan France were classified according to their level of risk
Cellular Heterogeneity Analysis: An Innovative Approach to Single-Cell Metabolomics
No full textInternational audienc
Unprecedented high level of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds in Europe during the 2025 autumn migration
No full textInternational audienceBetween 6 September and 14 November 2025, 1,443 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in wild birds across 26 countries in Europe. This number was four times higher than in the same period in 2024 and the highest overall for those weeks since at least 2016. Almost all the detections (99%) were due to HPAI A(H5N1) viruses, and most of them belonged to EA-2024-DI.2.1, a new sub-lineage of the EA-2024-DI.2 genotype. These HPAI virus detections in wild birds involved increasing numbers of waterfowl species (ducks, geese and swans) that were found positive in large parts of Europe. In addition, high numbers of common cranes were affected across a wide band stretching from northeast to southwest Europe. Given the unprecedented high circulation of HPAI virus in the wild bird population compared to previous years, and the associated high environmental contamination, strict biosecurity measures and early detection of infected poultry establishments are urgently needed to prevent introductions from wild to domestic birds and further spread among poultry establishments. Prompt removal of wild bird carcasses is indicated to reduce the risk of infection for other wild and domestic birds and mammals.</div