HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
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Diagnosis and genotyping of melioidosis in a domestic cat in New Caledonia
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To report a case of melioidosis in a domestic cat in New Caledonia, describing the diagnostic, microbiological and molecular findings. To evaluate the potential of a glanders serological test for assessing exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei.Methods: A domestic cat presenting with respiratory symptoms underwent clinical and radiographic examination. Bacterial culture was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the strain was characterised using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing. In silico multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analyses were also conducted. Serology was assessed using a commercial ELISA (GLANDA ELISA, IDVet), which was originally developed for diagnosing glanders.Results: Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated and sequenced, revealing ST2147, which has been previously identified in New Caledonia. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed clustering with strains from the Pacific region. The cat's serum tested strongly positive by ELISA, suggesting the potential of this test for assessing exposure to B. pseudomallei in cats and other animals. Screening of archived feline sera identified only one additional seropositive cat, suggesting low prevalence.Conclusions: This case supports the presence of multiple B. pseudomallei genotypes in New Caledonia and highlights the risk of melioidosis in cats. The commercial GLANDA ELISA shows promise as a tool for demonstrating animal exposure to B. pseudomallei, directing the need for culturing for confirmation of melioidosis. Enhanced awareness among veterinarians is essential for the early diagnosis and management of this disease in companion animals
Lp(a) concentration and polymorphic size are not associated with new onset diabetes in individuals with prediabetes
No full textInternational audienc
Génétique, Génomique, sélection et amélioration génétique des populations porcines
No full textLicenceSupport de présentation du cours de génétique et génomique porcine pour des étudiants de Licence pro (chambre d'Agriculture de l'Aveyron), donné le 25 novembre 2025
Discovering parental differentially methylated regions in the pigs - evolutionary and molecular mechanisms shaping genomic imprinting
No full textInternational audienceThe development of custom methylation arrays and panels specifically targeting genomic imprinted regions promote a routine access to imprintomes, which can be seen as the fraction of the methylome regulating genomic imprinting. A genome-wide focus on this key regulatory layer should provide information for better understanding a range of mechanisms at play in imprinting at different scales, from macroevolutionary processes to genomic region-specific possibilities of gene dosage control. Here we have undertaken a detailed exploration of parental Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) in the pig relying on the bisulfite-free enzymatic methylome sequencing of reciprocally crossed individuals. Such a profiling assay, applicable to other species, allowed the identification of 485 hemimethylated regions, including 129 large ones gathering 20 CpGs in 350bp, and 37 candidate parental DMRs. This firstly contributes to a better understanding of imprinting regulations in the pig, especially in large and complex imprinted domains, such as IGF2-H19, DLK1 and GNAS complex locus. From an evolutionary point of view, accessing a conserved fraction of the parental DMRs illustrates possible trajectories of genome diversification following retrovirus domestication. In particular, we show that the ZIM2-PEG3 imprinted domain, which emerged in eutherians, spans a remarkably large region of 150kb in the pig, with a clade-specific distribution of long terminal repeats (LTRs). Other loci of evolutionary interest but still incompletely characterized, at least in the pig, show less heterogeneity across species, such as NAP1L5 and SNU13. The latter, which is not formally considered as imprinted to date, harbors a comparable organization between pigs and humans, with a porcine candidate DMR likely homolog to the human SNU13:alt-TSS-DMR. Interestingly, we also identify likely pig-specific DMRs, with two small paternally-methylated regions in RASGRF1 and in KCNQ1, supposedly rare and difficult to detect patterns. The set of original results highlighted here suggests that an in-depth analysis of parental DMRs can help clarify a range of regulations at play in genomic imprinting
Anesthésie générale et vaccination : modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée. Étude expérimentale chez une cohorte de chattes anesthésiées entre 2024 et 2025 à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of general anesthesia on innate immune responses in cats, using an ex vivo whole blood stimulation model. Blood samples were collected from 25 healthy female cats, either under general anesthesia (following elective ovariectomy) or awake. Samples were stimulated ex vivo with either an adjuvanted rabies vaccine or concanavalin A, and cytokine gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. Among the cytokines analyzed, only TNF-α was significantly upregulated following vaccine stimulation, with no difference between anesthetized and awake groups. These results suggest that, in healthy young cats, general anesthesia does not impair the early inflammatory response to vaccine stimuli. This supports the relevance of performing vaccination during anesthetic procedures in clinical feline practice.Cette étude évalue l’impact de l’anesthésie générale sur la réponse immunitaire innée chez le chat, à travers un modèle ex vivo de stimulation de cellules sanguines. Du sang total a été prélevé chez 25 chattes, vigiles ou en post-anesthésie, puis stimulé par un vaccin antirabique adjuvanté ou de la concanavaline A. L’expression de plusieurs cytokines a été analysée par RT-qPCR. Seul le TNF-α a été significativement induit après stimulation vaccinale, sans différence entre les deux groupes. Ces résultats suggèrent que le protocole anesthésique utilisé ne compromet pas la réponse inflammatoire précoce induite par un vaccin, chez des chats jeunes et en bonne santé. Ils soutiennent la validité de cette pratique en contexte clinique
Striking convergent selection history of wheat and barley and its potential for breeding
No full textInternational audienceOver the past 10,000 years, the development of civilization has been enabled by the domestication of plants and animals tailored to human needs. The Triticeae tribe, including barley and wheat, has emerged as one of the most important sources of staple foods worldwide. Here, comparing genomes of wheat and barley genotypes from around the world, we unveiled genomic footprints of convergent selection affecting genes involved in crop adaptation and productivity, as well as a lack of parallel selection for diverse genes delivering genetic diversity specific to particular geographic and associated environmental conditions. We demonstrate that studying convergent selection between crops can help to identify genes crucial for adaptation and sources of diversity for improving cultivated species—forming the basis of the proposed concept of inter-crop translational research for breeding
Drugs in focus: Budesonide and its role in paediatric gastrointestinal disorders
No full textInternational audienceBudesonide is a glucocorticoid with strong topical anti-inflammatory properties and minimal systemic effects due to extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. It is designed for targeted delivery within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is available in oral and rectal formulations. Budesonide is indicated for various GI disorders, including Crohn's disease (CD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), with specific formulations approved for different disease locations and severities. This narrative review evaluates the pharmacological profile, clinical applications and guideline recommendations surrounding the use of budesonide in both paediatric and adult GI disorders. Evidence from randomised controlled trials and real-world studies supports the efficacy of budesonide in inducing remission in mild to moderate ileocaecal CD. It is recommended by ESPGHAN/ECCO guidelines as a therapeutic alternative in selected paediatric patients when exclusive enteral nutrition is not feasible. In UC, budesonide-multimatrix tablets and rectal foam formulations may be effective for distal and left-sided disease, though they are generally less effective than systemic corticosteroids or 5-aminosalicylic acid and are reserved for patients with contraindications to standard therapies. In EoE, topical swallowed budesonide has shown promising results in inducing clinical and histological remission, with increasing data supporting its use in children. Although budesonide is associated with fewer systemic adverse effects, longterm use may still pose risks such as growth suppression and hypothalamicpituitary adrenal axis suppression, necessitating careful monitoring. Budesonide offers a valuable treatment option when used in alignment with disease phenotype, formulation properties and patient-specific considerations
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and local tolerance at injection site of penicillin and gentamicin administered by intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing horses: comparison between weightbearing and flexed limbs
No full textInternational audienceBackground Intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) of antibiotics is a therapeutic method used to treat distal limb infections in horses. The objectives of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and tolerance of sodium benzylpenicillin (NaBP) administered via IVRLP; to compare the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of performing IVRLP on a flexed limb versus a weightbearing limb; and to predict the efficacy of IVRLP using gentamicin or NaBP. A prospective crossover study was conducted with six horses, each undergoing four phases of antibiotic infusion (gentamicin at 2.2 mg/kg vs. NaBP at 7,333 IU/kg of BP) and limb positioning (weightbearing vs. flexed). Each antibiotic administration was followed by serial synovial and blood sampling to assess antibiotic concentrations. Inflammation and sensitivity to palpation were evaluated at both the injection site and the sampled joint. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis was carried out to predict the efficacy of IVRLP by estimating area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) index values for various minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). ResultsHigh synovial concentrations of NaBP and gentamicin were achieved, with notable variability between horses. NaBP IVRLP was well tolerated, although cephalic vein inflammation scores were significantly higher following NaBP infusion than gentamicin (p = 3.4 × 10 -11 ). For all horses and both antibiotics, synovial antibiotic exposures were significantly greater in weightbearing limbs than in flexed limbs (p = 0.04 and 0.02 for NaBP and gentamicin, respectively). Cephalic vein inflammation scores were also significantly lower in weightbearing limbs than in flexed limbs (p = 2.5 × 10 -5 ). In terms of predicted efficacy, a daily dose of 2.2 mg/kg gentamicin should be adequate to treat Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and local tolerance at injection</div
Nuclear hormone-sensitive lipase regulates adipose tissue mass and adipocyte metabolism
No full textInternational audienceIn adipocytes, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays a key role in hydrolyzing triacylglycerols that are stored in lipid droplets. Contrary to the expected phenotype, HSL-deficient mice and humans exhibit lipodystrophy. Here, we show that HSL is also present in the adipocyte nucleus. Mouse models with different HSL subcellular localizations reveal that nuclear HSL is essential for the maintenance of adipose tissue. Gene silencing in human adipocytes shows that HSL, independently of its enzymatic activity, exerts opposing effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, we found that HSL accumulates in the nucleus by interacting with the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling mediator, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3). Conversely, HSL phosphorylation induces nuclear export. In vivo, HSL accumulates in the nucleus of adipocytes during high-fat feeding with the converse effect during fasting. Together, our data show that as both a cytosolic enzyme and a nuclear factor, HSL plays a pivotal role in adipocyte biology and adipose tissue maintenance
