HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
Not a member yet
16577 research outputs found
Sort by
Le placenta dans l’espèce canine : caractéristiques macroscopiques et efficacité
No full textThis study explores the macroscopic characteristics of the placenta and placental efficiency in the bitch. The analysis involved 55 litters from 9 different breeds, comprising 386 feto-placental units delivered by caesarean section. A strong positive correlation was observed between macroscopic placental characteristics (weight and surface area) and birth weight. Placental weight efficiency (birth weight/placental weight ratio) averaged 12.5 ± 2.5%, and placental surface efficiency (birth weight/placental attachment area ratio) averaged 5.1 ± 1.0 g/cm². These characteristics were positively influenced by maternal weight class and birth weight, but not by fetal sex, uterine laterality, categorized intrauterine position, maternal parity, or litter size. Low-birth-weight puppies were associated with lower placental efficiency compared to other puppies within the same weight class. Thus, low-birth-weight puppies were characterized by a macroscopically less developed placenta and lower placental efficiency than higher-birth-weight puppies, without allowing prediction of neonatal survival based on placental parameters. A study including postnatal monitoring of the puppies combined with a histological analysis of their placentas to assess vascular density and characterize placental efficiency at the microscopic level would help to further elucidate these findings.Cette étude explore les caractéristiques macroscopiques du placenta et l’efficacité placentaire chez la chienne. L'analyse porte sur 55 portées issues de 9 races différentes comprenant 386 unités fœto-placentaires, nées par césarienne. Il existe une forte corrélation positive entre les caractéristiques macroscopiques du placenta (poids et surface) et le poids de naissance. L’efficacité pondérale placentaire (rapport poids de naissance / poids placentaire) moyenne est de 12,5 ± 2,5 % et l’efficacité surfacique placentaire (rapport poids de naissance / surface zone d’attachement placentaire) moyenne est de 5,1 ± 1,0 g/cm2. Ces caractéristiques sont influencées positiviement par la classe pondérale de la mère et le poids de naissance, mais ne le sont pas par le sexe du fœtus, la latéralité dans l’utérus, la position catégorisée dans l’utérus, la parité de la mère, la taille de la portée. Les chiots à petits poids de naissance sont associés à une efficacité placentaire diminuée par rapport aux autres chiots au sein d’une classe pondérale donnée. Ainsi, les chiots à faible poids de naissance se caractérisent par un placenta macroscopiquement moins développé et une efficacité placentaire moindre que les chiots à poids de naissance plus élevé sans pouvoir prédire l’effet sur la survie néonatale des paramètres placentaires. Une étude incluant un suivi des chiots ainsi qu’avec une analyse histologique de leur placenta afin de déterminer la densité vasculaire et caractériser l’efficacité placentaire à l’échelle microscopique permettrait de mieux comprendre nos résultats
Feeding Behaviour in Group-Housed Growing-Finishing Pigs and Its Relationship with Growth and Feed Efficiency
No full textInternational audienceFeed consumption and feeding patterns influence the individual feed efficiency in group-housed livestock species. Using the meal as the unit of feeding behaviour, the main objectives of this research were to identify feeding behaviour (FB) traits that may indicate an individual’s rank within the social hierarchy or its level of dominance among pen mates and to assess the relationship between growth and feed efficiency with the identified traits, as well as those describing individual feed consumption patterns. Data from 5516 pigs during the fattening period were used. Pens were equipped with an automatic concentrate feeder that recorded individual feed intake, time spent at the feeder, and body weight at each visit. A meal criterion was established. Then, different FB traits were computed: number of meals, number of visits to complete a meal, occupation time to complete a meal, time between first and last visit within a meal, feeding rate, feeding rate to complete a meal, and interval between meals. Social ranking (SR) traits were also calculated: position/order in which each animal accessed the feeder, ratio of visits to the feeder during preferred times, distribution among the cage mates of the total daily feed, number of visits, number of meals, and occupation time. Pigs that eat more and faster tend to have a poorer feed efficiency and higher final weight. Animals that eat more, more times, and occupy the feeder longer, eat mainly in the preferred period. They could be considered dominant, while others have to adapt their feeding schedules to off-peak times
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in cats in veterinary hospitals in France during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textInternational audienceObjectives The present study aimed to determine the evolution of the percentage of overweight and obese cats during the COVID-19 pandemic in France, and to identify factors associated with excess weight to inform the development of targeted prevention strategies. Methods Cat owners visiting the veterinary hospitals of Maisons-Alfort and Toulouse between 2020 and 2022 for their pets' vaccinations were invited to answer a comprehensive questionnaire to gather general information about themselves and their cat, including details of its lifestyle, activity and diet. Only healthy adult cats were included in the study. During the vaccination consultation, veterinarians recorded the body condition score, muscle condition score and weight of each cat. This study followed a protocol adapted from a French study conducted in 2006 to allow analysis of any changes over time. Results Of the 274 cats included in the study, 9.1% were underweight, 43.4% had an ideal body condition and 47.5% were overweight. Factors positively linked to overweight included age, being crossbred, being a male and having an owner who underestimated the cat's body condition. Living with a child and having a high activity score as rated by the owner were associated with ideal body condition. The prevalence of cats with a sedentary lifestyle and the number of overweight cats had both increased since the previous study in 2006. Additionally, changes in cats' diets and lifestyles over time, including those influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to an increase in exclusive dry food consumption compared with the 2006 study. Conclusions and relevance Important changes in cats' diet and lifestyle occurred between 2006 and 2020-2022. This study emphasises the need for further investigation into the duration of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on feline wellbeing. Educating owners on their cat's body condition and encouraging cats to be active can be effective strategies for maintaining feline health in response to ongoing global changes
Navigating the complexities of azole antifungal therapy through pharmacokinetic concepts: a case of prolonged isavuconazole toxicity
No full textInternational audienc
Les "precision-cut liver slices" : un modèle ex-vivo d’analyse des mycotoxines estrogéniques
No full textInternational audienceIn pigs, the liver toxicity of mycotoxins has been studied mainly in vivo, as no immortalized hepatocyte cell lines of porcine origin are available. In recent years, precision-cut porcine liver sections (PCLS) have been used as an alternative to in-vivo procedures to investigate the liver toxicity of mycotoxins. In this project, we used PCLS as a surrogate of oestrogen-responding reproductive tissues of pre-pubertal female piglets to assess the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN), a reprotoxic mycoestrogen. ZEN toxicity is associated with its agonist interaction with the oestrogen receptor alpha. As this receptor is expressed in liver cells and its activation can regulate the expression of several genes, the liver could be a good surrogate for studying effects of ZEN in prepubertal piglets. PCLS were obtained from 6 female pigs and exposed ex-vivo to different concentrations of: oestrogen (10 µM) and ZEN (3, 10, 30 and 100 µM) or a negative control (DMSO) for 4 h. We observed that ZEN regulated several oestrogenresponsive genes, mainly at 10 and 30 µM, including some key regulators of glucose metabolism: GDF15, FGF21, PCK1 and PDK4. The results also showed that ZEN toxicity was associated with cytoplasmic vacuolation, which could indicate the accumulation of lipid droplets. Our results show that exposure to ZEN is linked with a dysregulation of different genes related with metabolism. In conclusion, PCLS can be considered a useful model for assessing the toxicity of oestrogenic substances such as ZEN when a model of the female reproductive system is not available
Particular sequence characteristics induce bias in the detection of polymorphic transposable element insertions
No full textInternational audienceTransposable elements (TEs) have an important role in genome evolution but are challenging for bioinformatics detection due to their repetitive nature and ability to move and replicate within genomes. New sequencing technologies now enable the characterization of nucleotide and structural variations within species. Among them, TE polymorphism is critical to identify as it may influence species adaptation or trigger diseases. Despite the development of numerous bioinformatic programs, identifying the most effective tool is challenging due to non-overlapping results and varying efficiency across studies. Benchmarking efforts have highlighted some of the limitations of these tools, often evaluated on either real or simulated data. However, real data may be incomplete or contain unannotated TEs, while simulated data may not accurately reflect real genomes. This study introduces a simulation method generating data based on real genomes to control all genomic parameters. Evaluating several TE polymorphic detection tools using data from Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana , our study investigates factors like copy size, sequence divergence, and GC content that influence detection efficiency. Our results indicate that only a few programs perform satisfactorily and that all are sensitive to TE and genomic characteristics that may differ according to the species considered. Using Bos taurus population data as a case study to identify polymorphic LTR-retrotransposon insertions, we found low-frequency insertions particularly challenging to detect due to a high number of false positives. Increased sequencing coverage improved sensitivity but reduced precision. Our work underscores the importance of selecting appropriate tools and thresholds according to the specific research questions
Projet RAMbo-V : vers le développement de vaccins synthétiques contre Mycoplasma bovis
No full textInternational audienceFace à la croissance démographique mondiale, l’élevage doit intensifier sa production tout en s'efforçant d'assurer une gestion durable. Parmi les problématiques majeures figurent les maladies infectieuses et leur impact sur la santé et le bien-être des animaux. Les pertes économiques associées aux infections causées par les mycoplasmes et en particulier par Mycoplasma bovis, un agent pathogène du bétail, illustrent bien ces défis. La lutte contre M. bovis est entravée par une résistance croissante aux antibiotiques et une protection vaccinale insuffisante. Le projet RAMbo-V vise à développer des connaissances et des outils qui permettront de concevoir un vaccin synthétique contre M. bovis. Pour ce faire, plusieurs axes de recherches sont développés : 1) l’adaptation et l’optimisation d’outils génétiques développés pour d’autres espèces de mycoplasmes ; 2) une approche à haut débit de cartographie des épitopes antigéniques dans le pan-protéome de M. bovis ; 3) la conception d’un châssis vaccinal stable et avirulent par la suppression des facteurs de virulence non essentiels à la croissance en laboratoire, ainsi que l’élimination des éléments génétiques mobiles et des régions chromosomiques impliquées dans le transfert horizontal de gènes ; 4) l’ingénierie de la surface cellulaire afin d’optimiser l'expression des épitopes et le verrouillage des mécanismes de variation antigénique. En développant une approche vaccinale innovante, RAMbo-V ambitionne de réduire la dépendance aux antibiotiques en élevage et de contribuer à la mise en place de systèmes de production animale durables, conciliant enjeux sanitaires, environnementaux et éthiques
Dietary intake remains unchanged while nutritional status improves in children and adults with cystic fibrosis on Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder involving multi-organ dysfunction, with nutritional status playing a crucial role in disease progression. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy, particularly the combination Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI), has shown numerous clinical benefits, including significant improvements in nutritional status. However, the factors driving this nutritional improvement, especially the potential role of increased dietary intake, remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess changes in nutritional status and dietary intake in patients with CF (pwCF) treated with ETI. Methods: 62 pwCF (36 children, 26 adults) were analyzed in a prospective, realworld, multicenter study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06072365). Dietary intakes were assessed via 3-day food diaries collected at baseline (M0) and one year after ETI treatment initiation (M12). Results: Over the first year of ETI treatment, Body Mass Index (BMI) significantly increased with a median BMI Z-score gain of 0.2 (IQR: 0.7) for children and median BMI gain of 1.0 kg/m2 (IQR: 1.8) for adults. Notably, these gains occurred without a significant increase in median daily caloric intake (2216 kcal (IQR: 750) at M0 vs. 2266 (IQR: 733) kcal at M12). Pancreatic enzyme requirements and calprotectin decreased significantly with ETI (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), indicating improved pancreatic function and intestinal inflammation in some patients. Seven patients became overweight after one year of ETI. Conclusion: ETI therapy enhances nutritional status in pwCF, independently of increased caloric intake. Further research is essential to refine dietary recommendations under ETI treatment, aiming to prevent overweight and obesity while optimizing health outcomes
