HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
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SnoBoard: surfing on ncRNA modifications and snoRNA guides
No full textInternational audienceSnoBoard is a curated catalog targeting rRNA modifications like 2'-O-ribose methylations and pseudouridylations on organisms of agricultural interest. It also includes some model organisms like A. thaliana, Human or Yeast for comparison. It aims to provide information about provenance, correction and evidence. Knowledge is stored in a neo4j graph database and is accessible through a web interface built with Vue.js 3 and a public GraphQL API on https://snoboard.or
Une approche analytique innovante pour un aperçu exhaustif de l'exposition interne humaine aux pesticides
No full textLes produits phytopharmaceutiques utilisés en agriculture contiennent des molécules spécifiquement conçues pour être toxiques pour des organismes cibles. Cependant, leur utilisation peut également entraîner des effets non intentionnels, présentant des risques potentiels pour les écosystèmes et les organismes non cibles, y compris les êtres humains. Les travaux de recherche menés ont permis d’approfondir la compréhension des liens entre l’exposition à ces substances et les effets observés dans l’environnement. En particulier, les études ont mis en évidence comment des niveaux d’exposition, même faibles, peuvent engendrer des effets chroniques sur des organismes non cibles et perturber les écosystèmes. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de quantifier et de caractériser ces expositions pour mieux évaluer leurs impacts potentiels sur la santé humaine et l’environnement. Les présentations seront suivies d’échanges et de discussions, afin de réfléchir ensemble aux conséquences de ces travaux et d’explorer des perspectives pour construire une agriculture qui soit respectueuse de la santé humaine et de l’intégrité des écosystèmes.National audienceHuman exposure to contaminants, including pesticides, is generally estimated using indirect methods. Conventional biomonitoring methods remain focused on a limited number of known substances, leaving the risks associated with multiple exposures currently underexplored. We propose an innovative approach to detect as many pesticide exposure markers as possible in an untargeted manner by combining three complementary mass spectrometry platforms coupled with chromatography. This approach, based on the exposome concept (Wild, David), allows us to produce exposure data on a wide range of pesticides and metabolites by screening a broad panel of exposure markers. The results demonstrate the added value of this approach, applied to two epidemiological studies (PELAGIE and Nutrinet-Santé), to test for associations with health parameters.L'exposition humaine aux contaminants, dont les pesticides, est généralement estimée par des méthodes indirectes. Les méthodes de biosurveillance conventionnelles restent centrées sur un nombre limité de substances connues, laissant les risques associés à une exposition multiple actuellement sous-explorés.Nous proposons une approche innovante pour détecter le maximum de marqueurs d'exposition aux pesticides de façon non ciblée en combinant trois plateformes complémentaires de spectrométrie de masse couplée à la chromatographie . Cette approche permet, autour du concept d'exposome (Wild, David), de produire des données d'exposition sur une large gamme de pesticides et métabolites par criblage d'un large panel de marqueurs d'exposition. Les résultats montrent la plus-value de cette approche appliquée à deux études épidémiologiques (PELAGIE et Nutrinet-Santé), pour tester des associations avec des paramètres de santé.</p
Heterogenous within-herd seroprevalence against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus type 8 (EHDV-8) after massive virus circulation in cattle in France, 2023
No full textInternational audienceBackground and objectives: The emergence of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus-8 (EHDV-8) in mainland France in 2023 led to thousands of clinical outbreaks in cattle herds and likely led to the natural immunization of a large number of animals. However, uncertainties persist regarding the extent of this immunity, both within herds and across affected regions. This study therefore aimed at investigating the variability of within-herd seroprevalence in clinically affected and non-affected herds across geographical areas with differing levels of disease incidence.Methodology: A study was launched in February 2024 to assess the variability of within-herd seroprevalence in three geographical areas with varying EHDV-8 clinical incidence. A total of 2,763 serums samples from cattle over 24 months in 30 herds with clinical outbreaks and 31 herds without reported clinical case were analyzed using a commercial competitive ELISA.Results: A strong south–north seroprevalence gradient was observed, with the highest animal-level seroprevalence evidenced in the southernmost zone (Pyrenean Piémont) (82.6%, CI 95%: 81.1–83.9), which also experienced the highest incidence of clinical outbreaks. In contrast, significantly lower seroprevalence levels were found in the more northern areas: (zone 2: 11.6, 95% CI: 10.7–12.7; zone 3: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–1.1), where clinical outbreaks were less frequent. The within-herd seroprevalence varied widely among herds but was significantly higher in those located in the southernmost zone, compared to other areas. Within each zone, no significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between clinical outbreak herds and non-outbreak herds.Discussion: This study highlights significant geographic and between herd variability in seroprevalence against EHDV-8 after the major virus circulation experienced in 2023, and provides critical insights into regional risks and the potential impact of future EHDV-8 circulation
New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants
No full textInternational audienceThe reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal-based toxicological studies is becoming an essential requirement at academic, industrial, and governmental levels, turning new approach methodologies (NAMs) from alternatives into necessities. New strategies for hazard characterization and exposure assessment have been developed in this wake, including among others, sophisticated organ-on-chip platforms, or holistic human biomonitoring programs. This review summarizes state-of-the-art methods of NAMs for hazard characterization and advances in exposure assessment in the context of toxicants occurring in human urine. Considering that urine collects a wide variety of excretion products, it can harbor chemically diverse compounds including heavy metals and metalloids, foodborne mycotoxins and phytotoxins, as well as synthetic and process chemicals. Hence, urine analysis is a precious element for exposure assessment and the urinary excretory organs are highly relevant toxicological targets. Especially for environmental or foodborne contaminants, the classical regulatory framework is challenged by natural variability of the producing organisms, climate change, global trade, and obviously heterogeneous exposure landscape related to an individual's lifestyle and diet. In this light, NAMs represent an unprecedented opportunity to support and speed up risk assessment. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge, in order to identify gaps on hazard profiling for selected urinary occurring contaminants, as well as for their exposure assessment. Furthermore, it aims at identifying the challenges in the field from both the toxicological and analytical perspectives in light of next generation risk assessment (NGRA).</div
Single-cell omics reveal distinct gene regulatory dynamics underpinning embryonic and extraembryonic lineage functions during pig blastocyst development
No full textThe late-stage development of the blastocyst before implantation is a unique feature of ungulates. During this period, the epiblast proliferates and remains pluripotent for several days before gastrulation begins. Simultaneously, extra-embryonic tissues undergo significant growth, elongating to several tens of centimeters. However, the mechanisms that regulate and synchronize these processes remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed transcriptomic and epigenomic data at the single-cell level from early and late porcine blastocyst cells, spanning from the hatched blastocyst stage (E7) to early (E9) and late ovoid blastocyst (E11). We characterized 15,370 blastocyst cells, clustering them into distinct embryonic and extra-embryonic populations with specific chromatin accessibility landscapes. For each population, we inferred gene regulatory networks based on enhancer-driven gene regulation modules (eRegulons) and validated them through motif occupancy visualization. Our findings reveal strong dynamics in gene regulatory module activity within extra-embryonic tissues at the onset of blastocyst elongation, while gene regulatory activity in the epiblast remains relatively stable
Heme iron amplifies azoxymethane initiating effect on rat colon preneoplastic lesions
No full textInternational audienceObjective Colorectal cancer is a major public health issue for which dietary factors such as red and processed meat consumption seem to play a prominent role. Heme iron, which is present in important concentration in those food products, was reported to play a role in colorectal cancer promotion in animal studies. However, its role in colorectal cancer initiation remains to be established. Methods Male Fischer 344 rats were given experimental diets (control diet, ferric citrate-supplemented diet or hemin-supplemented diet) for 2 weeks before being initiated for colon cancer with azoxymethane. Rats were then fed a control diet for 8 weeks. Preneoplastic lesions, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity and oxidative stress markers, together with gut microbiota, were analyzed. Results Heme iron, given in the rat diet for only 2 weeks before the colorectal cancer initiating event, increased two types of preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon, namely aberrant crypt foci and mucin-depleted foci, when compared to a control diet containing the same amount of iron in a non-heminic form. This heme iron concentration in the diet, representative of human consumption, induced at the same time a huge increase in luminal lipid peroxidation, a significant increase in RNA/DNA oxidative damage and an increase in the expression of antioxidant defenses in colon mucosa, accompanied by epithelial cell proliferation together with a reduction in colon mucus cells, and a gut dysbiosis. Conclusion These results, obtained in an animal model, suggest that iron, only in its heminic form, has a co-initiating effect on colorectal carcinogenesis. Significance statement Heme iron from red meat could play a role in colon cancer initiation in addition to its promoting effect
Caractérisation et interprétation des nuages de points obtenus avec l’analyseur Element HT5+ (ANTECH) lors d’analyse hématologique chez le chien et le chat : Rédaction d’un livret à destination des vétérinaires praticiens
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to create a guide to help veterinarians interpret the results of the Element HT5+ from ANTECH. This analyzer uses laminar flow impedance and SF Cube technology (laser flow cytometry and optical fluorescence) for a detailed analysis of leukocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes. To develop the guide, blood samples from dogs and cats with various hematological abnormalities are analyzed using the SYSMEX XN-V 1000 and blood smears, and the results are compared with those obtained from the HT5+.L’objectif de cette thèse est la création d’un livret pour aider les vétérinaires à interpréter les résultats d’Element HT5+ de ANTECH. Cet automate utilise l’impédance en flux laminaire et la technologie SF Cube (cytométrie en flux laser et fluorescence optique), pour une analyse fine des leucocytes, plaquettes et réticulocytes. Pour concevoir le livret, des échantillons sanguins de chiens et de chats présentant diverses anomalies hématologiques sont analysés par le XN-V 1000 de SYSMEX et par frottis sanguins et sont comparés avec le HT5+
Building a common language for antimicrobial stewardship in One Health
No full textInternational audienc
Évolution de la représentation morpho-anatomique et biomécanique du cheval dans le cinéma d’animation
No full textThroughout history, men have always tried to represent movement, and this will is at the origin of cinematography. Truly admired, horses have been represented in arts for millennials, and is naturally among discoveries of optic theatre and cinema. Since the 20th century, the equine representation has known a reel evolution thanks to new technologies and driven by scientific progress, horse symbolism and artistic decisions. The main purpose of this work is to follow this evolution and study the different themes that allow changing, regarding catching emotions, anthropomorphism and scientific precision.L’homme a toujours cherché à représenter et comprendre le mouvement, et c’est cette volonté qui est à l’origine des prémices du cinéma. Véritable objet de contemplation, le cheval est de son côté au cœur de l’art depuis des millénaires, et c’est naturellement qu’il a fait partie de l’invention du théâtre optique puis du cinéma. A l’arrivée du XXe siècle et des nouvelles technologies qu’elle a véhiculées, la représentation des équidés a connu une belle évolution dans le cinéma, à travers progrès scientifique, symbolique et décisions artistiques. Ce travail a pour but de retracer cette évolution et d’en appréhender les enjeux, entre rigueur scientifique, anthropomorphisme et retranscription des émotions
LEAP: Learn and Evaluate Affiliation databanks on an online Platform
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Metabarcoding is a powerful approach for studying biodiversity through high-throughput sequencing of a DNA marker. All bioinformatics solutions rely on databanks to providetaxonomic assignment to the ASVs/OTUs obtained. One such tool is FROGS [1]. User feedbackhighlighted the need for an intuitive and comprehensive visualization tool to facilitate the explorationand choice of among the many metabarcoding databanks available in FROGS.Results: We developed a web-based platform using Quarto to provide users with detailed insights intothe sequences within our databanks, including marker type, sequence lengths, taxonomicclassifications, the proportion of ambiguous taxa and the comparison of versions. The website ishosted on ForgeMIA and features a CI/CD deployment pipeline, ensuring the automatic generationof interactive dashboards each time a new databank is available.Conclusions: This website provides a better understanding of metabarcoding databanks, making iteasier for users of FROGS or any other pipeline to choose the most suitable databanks for taxonomicassignment of microbiota.References1. Escudié, F., Auer, L., Bernard, M., Mariadassou, M., Cauquil, L., Vidal, K., Maman, S., Hernandez-Raquet, G.,Combes, S., & Pascal, G. (2017). FROGS: Find, Rapidly, OTUs with Galaxy Solution. In B. Berger (Ed.), Bioinformatics (Vol. 34,Issue 8, pp. 1287–1294). Oxford University Press (OUP). https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx791