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Extractive Industries, Social Licensing and Corporate Social Responsibility
No full textCase studies presented within this volume Extractive Industries, Social Licensing and Corporate Social Responsibility involve real-world scenarios; however, all organizations mentioned have been anonymized to protect their privacy and confidentiality. The purpose of anonymization is to ensure that sensitive information remains confidential, and the identities of the organizations involved are not disclosed. The content is intended for academic information and analysis purposes only
Feedback dynamic control for exiting a debt-induced spiral in a deterministic Keen model
No full textThe Keen model is designed to represent an economy as a dynamic system governed by the interactions between private debt, wage share, and employment rate. When certain conditions are met, the model can lead to a debt spiral, which accurately mimics the impact of a financial crisis on an economy. This manuscript presents a recipe for breaking this spiral by expressing Keen’s model as an affine nonlinear system that can be modified through policy interventions. We begin by considering critical initial conditions that resemble a financial crisis to achieve this goal. We then locate a desired point within the system’s vector field that leads to a desirable equilibrium and design a path towards it. This path is later followed using one-step-ahead optimal control. We illustrate our approach by presenting simulated control scenarios
Forced displacement and the health workforce crisis: Venezuelan healthcare workers in Peru
No full textAbstractThe migration of health workforces tends to be economically based benefiting high‐income countries, while draining lower‐income countries of workers and skills However, national instability or civil conflict may also have the effect of forcing out health workers. However, few articles focus on the experiences of these types of migrants. Peru has become the second largest Latin American destination for Venezuelan forced displaced migrants, a number of which are health workers. While the exact numbers of these workers is unknown, it is estimated that 4000 and 3000 doctors and about 2500 nurses and health technicians from Venezuela reside in Peru. These workers find entry into the heath system difficult due to bureaucratic and costly registration and qualification validation procedures. However, during Covid‐19 these conditions were relaxed, and a large number of these heath workers entered the heath workforce. These workers were primarily doctors and worked in urban medical facilities, though there was some distribution across the country's departments. This avenue to the health workforce allowed the mobilisation of dormant health skills and lifted workforce density numbers. Nonetheless, it is too early to see if there have been sustainable improvements, and it remains uncertain how these policies have contributed to the country's UHC goals. Peru's experiences raise the issue of how to mobilise dormant displaced health worker migrants.</jats:p
Interrelated effects of technological and non-technological innovation on firm performance in EM – A mediation analysis of Peruvian manufacturing firms
No full textPurpose: Firm innovative performance in emerging markets must take into account the peculiarities of their competitive environment. Research on the effect of innovation on firm performance focuses mainly on high-tech firms in developed countries. This study proposes a model that empirically examines how technological and non-technological innovation influence Peruvian manufacturing firms' performance. Design/methodology/approach: Using the resource-based view, a model is proposed that allows the mediation effects of technological innovation and non-technological innovation on firm performance among low and medium-low technological intensity manufacturing firms to be analyzed. The study uses structural equation modeling and mediation analysis with data from 503 Peruvian firms researched in the 2012 National Survey of Innovation. Findings: The model's validation shows that the integrated perspective is relevant for emerging markets like Peru. Moreover, the results confirm that technological and non-technological innovation and their interrelationship are important for understanding the performance dimensions of Peruvian manufacturing firms. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the literature on innovation in Latin American economies, proposing and validating a model that combines the mediation effects of technological and non-technological innovation to explain the relevant dimensions of firm performance in emerging markets. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited
Method for monitoring stress and vital signs in teachers when conducting online classes, using wearable devices
No full textIn this sense, online classes have allowed changing many paradigms related to education, one of them is related to the health situation of teachers, who drastically changed the physical place of teaching classes, they went from a classroom with all the comforts to accommodate their homes and adapt them so that they can fulfill their activities, this situation generates stress in teachers which can be dangerous if it is not controlled. In this work we propose a low-cost mechanism for monitoring vital signs and mainly to evaluate stress, the results show that the chosen device known as smart watch added to the functionalities of the applications, allow to record the stress values and to record and visualize their behavior. © 2023 ACM
Are Sustainable Health Workforces Possible? Issues and a Possible Remedy
No full textThe 2020–2022 period of the global COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fact that many countries health systems had inadequate health workforce availability. This is despite sustainable health workforces being critical to health service and healthcare delivery, an acknowledgement that drove the significant investment and focus on health workforce development over the previous two decades. As such, this review article discusses health workforce governance and planning, notes its weaknesses, and identifies some of the barriers to the implementation of health workforce policy making and planning and the achievement of sustainable health workforces. Important is the recognition that health workforce planning is long-term in nature, while health workforce decision-making processes are dominated by political processes that have much shorter time frames. The article concludes by offering the approach of backcasting to overcome this dichotomy
Poverty Reduction through Corporate Social Responsibility: Case Study of Peruvian Rural Families
No full textPoverty remains one of this millennium’s main problems, which why the first objective of sustainable development is poverty reduction. Multiple actors are working on this issue: states, multilateral organisms, civil societies, and—perhaps less boldly—the private sector, through social responsibility programs. In this research, the aim was to understand how rural families perceive the contribution of CSR programs, in respect to the decrease in rural poverty. A total of 20 rural families, who were beneficiaries from CSR programs belonging to two extractive companies, were interviewed; furthermore, they were no longer poor and were currently dwelling within the highlands and jungles of Perú. The results show that the CSR strategies used by the companies directly and indirectly contribute toward a reduction in rural poverty, and particularly those more specifically related to capacity development, access to markets, and strategic philanthropy. In this study, it was also found that families mostly use the strategy of informal entrepreneurship, which is not directly linked to the companies’ actions; as such, this could serve as a basis for the future implementation of CSR actions
Natural Language Processing Techniques for Behavior Analysis in Social Networks of Hispanic American University Communities
No full textThe Covid-19 confinement has forced certain human groups to look for alternatives to socialize. University communities did not stay out of this context. The presence of student communities called “confessions” whose purpose is to anonymously express their problems, desires and interests stands out. The main objective of this research is to determine the topics that highlight the cultural aspects and interests of these communities. Confessions pages from 5 Spanish-speaking countries were analyzed. Experiments were carried out on Facebookand Instagram posts using word embeddings and KMeans to cluster the semantic vector space. Anew evaluation approach based on the state-of-the-art was proposed that allow us to select and analyze topic models through specific keywords. As a result, topics of general interest were identified for each community such as “Academic life”, “Relationships”, “Politics” and “Personal problems”. The results vary by country. The collected dataset is publicly available1 for any academic purposes
Perspectives on the Phenomena of Social Media Use by Leaders and Social Media Influencers Findings From an Online International Collaborative Project Among Students in Peru, the United States of America, and North Macedonia
No full text"There has been an increasing interest in social network communication among young students worldwide. In that sense, this explorative study aims to understand students’ perspectives on social media use by leaders and the current phenomena of social media influencers (SMI). The research was set within an international university venture module that employs tools of information and communication technologies. The data collection came from a project among students in Peru, the United States of America, and North Macedonia in which students worked through Zoom meetings. The purpose of this course was to deliver a group presentation that identified how some leaders use social media in their cultures. As a result, students produced a report with content, images, and pictures of the leaders previously selected in a common area in each country. One topic that inductively emerged was that despite cultural differences among the groups, most students identified social media influencers as leaders and emphasized female influencers’ advocacy of women’s empowerment. This study provides a further understanding of the impact of social media on the concept of leadership for young people despite cultural differences like being more individualist or collectivist, with high-context or low-context styles of communication. Finally, this study confirms the existence of a new SMI industry with direct implications for our society.
Keywords: social media, social media influencers, leadership, communication, cultures
Corporate social responsibility strategies beyond the sphere of influence: Cases from the Peruvian mining industry
No full textOne of the main causes of social conflicts in the mining industry is the inappropriate distribution of benefits to communities within and beyond the sphere of influence of companies' mining operations. In order to prevent social conflicts, companies are implementing social programs to develop of these communities. The objective of this research is to identify the CSR strategies used by mining companies in the communities beyond their spheres of influence in Peru. With this goal in mind, a qualitative study was carried out using case study methodology and multiple sources of information. The results show that companies progress through a process from using no social responsibility strategy to using the compliance, paternalistic, and finally the multi-actor strategies, depending on the relationship they have with communities beyond the sphere of influence