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A fuzzy stochastic single-period model for cash management
No full text[[abstract]]The major purpose of this paper is to apply a stochastic single-period inventory management approach to analyze optimal cash management policies with fuzzy cash demand based on fuzzy integral method so that total cost is minimized. We will find that, after defuzzification, the cash-raising amounts and the total costs between the fuzzy case and the crisp case are slightly different when the variation of cash demand is small. As a result, we point out that the fuzzy stochastic single-period model is one extension of the crisp models. In any case, one may conclude that a conscientious analysis in fuzzy mathematics like that presented in this paper provides a financial decision maker with a deeper insight into the more real cash management problem
An extended newsboy problem with shortage-level constraints
No full text[[abstract]]It is only an order quantity which is decided for a spot selling time in the classical newsboy problem. Both the purchase timing and the time-variant variance of the demand are neglected. When the vendor gives a price discount for early purchase, the buyer purchases the quantities of price discount at the cost of forecast bias. The buyer has to forecast the demand early before purchase ahead of schedule, but it may increase the variance of the forecasted demand, which is a forecast bias. This time-variant variance of the demand is embedded into the model. When the average shortage-level is specified to an upper limit, both the purchase timing and the order quantity are simultaneously considered as the decision variables of the extended newsboy problem in this paper. The resultant outcomes could apply to some cases in the futures contracts
The analysis of optimal control model in matching problem between manufacturing and marketing
No full text[[abstract]]A mathematical model is developed and presented to solve the optimal control problem in matching between manufacturing and marketing when the market demand possesses the property of linearity. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal choice between production rate which may affect the inventory level and the optimal sales rate at each time through different pricing strategies so as to achieve the maximum profit for a given planning horizon. The results demonstrated that the relative size of the output yielded by minimizing average cost and yielded by maximizing profit at constant-zero inventory can determine the optimal production rate and sales rate. Furthermore, the optimal inventory policy can be determined to be a constant-zero inventory policy or constant-positive inventory policy, or mixed inventory policy, according to the value of optimal production rate
Applying Fuzzy Neural Networks and Gray Theory to Construct a Modular Product Customization System
No full text[[abstract]]This research establishes a “Customized modular product system”. Modular products can be defined according to their different functions and components. To build the learning and searching evaluation model of this system, the back-propagation neural networks and gray theory were used. Besides, Fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process were also utilized to model the relation and evaluation algorithms. In this way, it can provide neural networks with basic learning rules and a training samples. Based on different degrees of the consumer demand, the proposed method in this research performs the optimal module-combination for modular products. It will guide the customers to select the most suitable modular product group. Additionally, through the study case of the baby stroller manufacturing company, how to achieve the purpose of customization can be illustrated
Optimal pricing for patent protected new products
No full text[[abstract]]This study presents a conceptual framework based on the new product diffusion and demand theory models. The proposed framework was created a probability of demand function, and the optimal price for a patent protected new product was determined.As a new product diffuses through the market. The rate at which information regarding a new product diffuses through the market varies over time. To analyze this problem in detail, this study defines the probability of demand function. Using this demand probability function and the differential equation for the diffusion of new product information over time, this study presents a concrete mathematical model for addressing the question “How can a manufacturer influence new product information diffusion and profits by manipulating the sales price”. This study also characterize the optimal price and analyzes the sensitivity of its dependence on the equation parameters
Economic order quantity model under cash discount and payment delay
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of trade credit in the inventory system. The supplier’s regular credit terms include credit period and cash discount. In practice, the supplier allows a certain fixed credit period to settle the account for stimulating retailer’s demand. Besides, the supplier also can offer cash discount to encourage retailer to pay the account quickly. This study develops an inventory model with credit period and cash discount simultaneously. The objective of this model is to determine the optimal replenishment cycle so that the total cost per unit time is minimized. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the propose model and the sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to parameters of the system is also included
Dynamic production control for determined quantity and deadline
No full text[[abstract]]The Dynamic Production Plan (DPP) Model for reaching an optimal control of the production undergoing the limitations of future obtainable working hour capacity and unreliable machines is proposed in this paper. It can be applied to the evaluation of a firm's capability of accepting the new order or not. It is also suggested that the deadline of the production, maintenance cost of an unreliable machine, order quantity, and the production yield should be taken into considerations. In addition, sensitivity analyses of the key variables of optimal solution are presented. Actually, this study efficiently provides a dynamic updating tool capable of revising the production plan (rate) at any time for the production planner having great insight
[[alternative]]On Affirmation and Groundwork toward Religious Unity in Laozi's Daode-jing
No full text[[alternative]]On Development and Practice of Classics-Reading Education in Modern Teaching environment
No full text[[abstract]]讀經教育已為現今華人世界最具共識的文化活動，其當是全體華夏子民所應珍視、寶愛和共承共奮者。讀經教育固可理解為以經典的閱讀研習做為教育的方式與內容之一，但其真切意義則應該是「讀經傳統的延續發展與經典智慧的示現實踐」。讀經教育畢竟是以人格的成就為重，所以它定當將人間做為實證實修之道場而不能離開生活世界的經營參與，至於所所閱讀的經典乃以具足高貴之文化心靈者為優先，若儒釋道的典籍即為此類文化經典之範型。讀經教育可以前後分成「文字的閱讀」與「文本的閱讀」兩階段，而在後面的階段中，所謂閱讀即是進行詮釋的活動，若相應於文化經典的特質，則所謂的詮釋當不只是認知性的理解而更要有實踐性的體證。讀經教育在當前的教學環境中，固當可以開啟博雅與通識的理想，蓋經典義理中的人文主義精神既可做為通識教育的理論建構，其重視主體性的成就，亦可貞定通識教育之地位本在興發學生通達的慧識而實現全人教育的目的，而以讀經教育為主軸的通識教育，勢必將經典教學當成核心課程，然在設計上自而考量如何的向下之延伸與向外之擴散，使之構成一整體之網絡聯結，並讓宏觀與凝視得以兼顧兩行。讀經教育在當前的教育環境中，又可與生命教育充分對話並有效體現其目的。現行國內的生命教育雖有七項訴求，但離不開哲學智慧之清明、宗教意識之虔敬和生命人格之和諧等三大原則，若經典中之義理觀念皆可對應之並給予切中肎綮之教誨，試以老子思想為例，則哲學智慧之開啟莫過於「知病以治病，治病以去病，去病而無病」的體現優質的人生，宗教意識之體現則在於歸根復命以見證天道之真實並獲生命之永恆，人格境界之統整要在謙卑守柔以使生命能夠充分敞開並無障無隔共生共榮的迎向於天地神人。
The classics-reading education has became the cultural activity in modern Chinese world, and all Chinese should treasure it. Although the classics-reading education could be think as recitations or study of classics, the continuation of reading traditional clas- sics and the practice of classics wisdom should be the real meaning of classics-reading education. The classics-reading education focuses on the formation of personality after all, therefore it takes the life world as practical area, and the classics that such as Con- fucians, Taoism and Buddhism have the priority of promoting interior. The classics- reading education could be divided into word-reading and text-reading, the latter is her- meneutic activity that not only interpreting cultural classics with epistemic understand- ing, but also having practical testimony. The classics-reading education which have hu- manistic spirit of classics and wisdom of subjectivity constructs the core of general education, achieves the holistic education, and forms the main classes of classics-teach- ing. The classics-reading education connects with life education which involve in the enlightenment of philosophical wisdom, the respect of religious consciousness, and the harmony of life personality. The philosophy of Lao-zi, for example, has the philosoph- ical wisdom about cultural therapeutics, reality of heaven of religious consciousness, and integrity of personality which should be humble to everything in life