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[[alternative]]University Social Practice in Chiayi Funeral Home with "Remembering Love, Grief And Joy Intersection" to train the candidates of Funeral Director
No full text計畫編號: PSR1110086執行機構: 南華大學生死學系主管機關: 教育部研究期間: 11108~11207[[abstract]]本計畫為引發學生學習動機，協助其走出象牙塔，體驗發揮力量改變社會的自我肯定經驗，將生死學系送行者核心職能課程:「殯葬司儀」擴大至嘉義市殯儀館進行教學實踐，藉此讓修課學生發揮「以生命力帶動生命力」的精神，運用服務學習協助喪親民眾回顧逝者生命故事，再加以彙整分析後，由學生們撰寫生平事略或致答謝辭，培養學同理心的聆聽能力及送行者的生命書寫能力，陪伴在殯儀館治喪的民眾重新體親人生命而得悲傷撫慰，進行大學社會實踐責任項目。
研究對象為選修該課程的學生。課程教學模式主要以線上非同步教學，輔以同步教學與非同步實作，以利同時安排服務學習的實踐，透過授課教師、共同主持人與業師協作，根據產業界需求制訂技術實作步驟與要點，再依此設計檢核表並運用於教學設計中，同時善用網路便利、即時與雲端特色安排課程，建構學生自學的數位翻轉教室環境。研究中使用「南華大學學生學習效能量表」針對自我效能、學習價值進行量化分析，發現學生學習效能呈現顯著改善。使用參與觀察法對學習中及學習後進行學習成果評量分析，以「殯葬司儀職能測驗」進行前後測，學生前後測成績呈現顯著進步;全班修課同學期末教學滿意度達4.74/5.0。[[abstract]]In order to stimulate students' learning motivation and help them get out of the campus and experience the self-affirmation experience of exerting their personal power to change the society, this project expands the core function course of the Department of Life and Death: " Memorial Emcee" to the funeral home in Chiayi City for teaching practice. In this class, students use their life energy, in the service learning to help bereaved people, review the life stories of their loved ones, and then collect and analyze them. After that, students write life stories or give thank-you speeches to cultivate empathetic listening skills and the ability to see off their loved ones. The ability to write life, to accompany the people in the funeral home to re-experience the lives of their loved ones to comfort their grief, and to carry out the responsibility of university social practice.
The research objects are students who take this course. The course teaching mode is mainly based on online asynchronous teaching, supplemented by synchronous teaching and asynchronous practice, so as to arrange service learning at the same time. Through the cooperation of lecturers, co-hosts and industry experts, formulate technical implementation steps and key points according to the needs of the industry , and then design a checklist based on this and use it in teaching design. At the same time, make good use of the convenience of the Internet, real-time and cloud features to conduct courses, and construct a digital flipped classroom environment for students to learn by themselves. In the study, the "Nanhua University Student Learning Efficacy Scale" was used to conduct quantitative analysis on self-efficacy and learning value, and found that students' learning efficiency showed significant improvement. The participant observation method was used to evaluate and analyze the learning outcomes during and after the study, and the pre- and post-tests were conducted with the "Funeral Master of Ceremony Function Test"
[[alternative]]When Love is Gone--A Self-Narrative Study of Coexisting with Sadness
No full text[[abstract]] 本論文旨在研究家人反覆罹癌生命經歷死亡的心路歷程。研究者經由失落事件的自我訴說，透過自我書寫，讓研究者生命故事裡潛藏的深層意義能被看見、理解。故此研究著重於研究者對生命的覺察與反思。因此，本研究採用質性敘事研究法的自我敘說方式來展現，以深入理解研究者陪伴家人罹癌歷程中對生命的昇華、轉化與影響。 透過反思文本的內容與形式，研究者得到如下的結果:1、母親逝世與手足連續罹癌、逝世痛楚的哀傷歷程為：「無法接受」和「怎麼可能」的反應是處於「否認」階段拒絕悲傷，而「怪罪被醫師誤診延誤」則是「憤怒」階段反擊悲傷，「再給我一點時間回到媽媽往生7天前」階段是「討價還價」，「沒有媽媽我怎麼辦」階段是接受。本研究也發現悲傷五階段並循進性關係，而是螺旋形態。2、建立新的關係與連結的轉化經驗：縱使媽媽已消逝，我依舊可以感受到她對我的摯愛，已超越時空無處不在，不用要說話，就能進入我心房伴我，建立新連結包含母親的信仰、穿媽媽買給我的衣服、共同喜歡的食物與照片等。3、喪親者生命意義的轉化經驗為何：踏入南華諮商所那刻起，讀了一些心理學與生死課程，再度產生愛人的能量，創傷得以療癒，我的生命意義也有了轉變。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to understand the researcher's family's repeated life experiences of cancer and self narration of death. Through self narration of lost events and self writing, researchers can see and understand the deep meanings hidden in their life stories. Therefore, the focus of this study is on researchers' awareness and reflection on life. Therefore, this study adopts a self narrative approach of qualitative narrative research to present a deeper understanding of the sublimation, transformation, and impact of the researcher's accompanying family members in the process of developing cancer on life.By reflecting on the content and form of the text, the researchers obtained the following results:1.The sadness process of mother's death and continuous cancer and pain in both hands and feet is as follows: the reaction of “cannot accept” and “how could it be” is in the stage of “denial” to refuse sadness, while the stage of “blaming the doctor for misdiagnosis and delay” is in the stage of “anger” to counter sadness, the stage of “giving me a little more time to return to my mother 7 days ago” is in the stage of “bargaining”, and the stage of “what can I do without my mother” is in the stage of acceptance. This study also found that the five stages of sadness are not in a progressive relationship, but rather in a spiral shape.2.The transformation experience of establishing new relationships and connections: Even though my mother has passed away, I can still feel her love for me. It has transcended time and space and is everywhere. Without having to speak, I can enter my heart and be with me. Establishing new connections includes my mother's faith, wearing the clothes my mother bought me, sharing favorite food and photos, and so on.3.What is the experience of transforming the meaning of a bereaved person's life? From the moment I entered the South China Consulting Institute, I took some psychology and life and death courses, and once again generated the energy of a loved one, the trauma was healed, and the meaning of my life also changed
[[alternative]]A Narrative Study on the Attachment Relationships of Children of Patients with Schizophrenia
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探究思覺失調症患者子女與父母的依附經驗、子女成長後與重要他人的依附經驗，及依附經驗對其生命觀的影響。本研究採用敘說研究法，訪談三位父親或母親罹患思覺失調症之成年子女，以第三人稱的口吻呈現研究參與者的生命故事，並逐一分析和討論。 研究結果顯示，罹患思覺失調症的父親或母親，長期下來像是缺席的家長，他們在成長過程中面臨到缺乏父母的愛護和關注，導致親子關係出現了問題。手足之間則因個性差異，面臨了疏離和困難。另外，三位研究參與者都經歷了在人際關係中缺乏歸屬感的挑戰，經歷過被周遭人忽視或不理解的狀況。在親密關係中，有的研究參與者在伴侶長期的陪伴下，逐漸克服了自己的性情不足和不安全感；有的從奶奶和爺爺的關係中得到啟示，相信只要持續對愛心存期望，就有可能找到屬於自己的幸福；有的決定單身不延續後代，過好自己的生活。本研究也發現從小養成的依附關係樣態不一定會一直延續到成人，其中是可以透過重要他人的支持或是社會上的協助，建立穩定、健康的關係型態，進而助人愛人。實現幸福和滿足感。 本研究最後建議思覺失調症患者子女創建自己的生活、興趣和朋友圈，通過養成健康的生活方式習慣、自我關注和社交活動等方式來減輕壓力，維持身心健康。加強社區資源和支持，以減輕思覺失調症患者的子女和家庭成員的負擔。並希冀未來的研究可為思覺失調症患者子女提供更有效的依附關係改善策略。[[abstract]] This study aimed to explore the attachment experience of children with schizophrenia and their parents, the attachment experience of children with significant others after they grow up, and the impact of attachment experience on their outlook on life. This study adopted the narrative research method, interviews three adult children whose father or mother suffer from schizophrenia, presents the life stories of the research participants in a third-person tone, and analyzes and discusses them one by one. The results of the study showed that fathers or mothers with schizophrenia act like absent parents in the long run. They faced a lack of parental love and attention during their growth, which leaded to problems in the parent-child relationship. Due to personality differences, siblings face alienation and difficulties. In addition, all three study participants experienced the challenges of not belonging in relationships and being ignored or misunderstood by those around them. In intimate relationships, some research participants gradually overcome their lack of temperament and insecurity under the long-term company of their partners; It is possible to find their own happiness; some decide to be single and not continue their offspring, and live their own lives well. This study also found that the attachment relationship developed in childhood does not necessarily continue to adulthood. Among them, a stable and healthy relationship can be established through the support of significant others or social assistance, and then help and love others. Achieve happiness and contentment. Finally, this study suggested that children of patients with schizophrenia create their own life, interests and circle of friends, and reduce stress and maintain physical and mental health by developing healthy lifestyle habits, self-care and social activities. Strengthen community resources and supports to ease the burden on children and family members of individuals with schizophrenia. It is hoped that future research can provide more effective strategies for improving attachment relationships in children of patients with schizophrenia
[[alternative]]The Effect of Work Environment, Career Development, and Teamwork on Employee Commitment--Taking Employee Job Satisfaction as Mediating Variable
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究主旨在了解蒙古國中教師的員工承諾. 本研究發現，工作環境、職涯發展和團隊合作對員工承諾的影響並以員工工作滿意度作為中介變數。本研究的樣本問卷是透過網路為收集的工具，共有 141 名受訪者做出回覆。 本研究運用描述性分析、相關性分析來衡量變數之間線性關係的強度，與評估他們的關聯性，並運用多元迴歸分析來確認因變數和自變數之間的關係與查證中介效應。 結果顯示，受訪者認同他們的工作滿意度會影響他們的承諾度。 如果員工滿意自己的工作，他們更有可能在目前任職的組織裡待更長的時間。 本研究的結果近乎支持了所有的假設。本研究研究者期望研究結果能夠幫助研究者了解蒙古國初中教師的員工承諾及其影響因素。另外，本研究結果透過提供有關可能影響員工承諾因素的資訊，可幫助人力資源部門，例如工作環境、職業發展、團隊合作和員工工作滿意度等因素。[[abstract]] This research aimed to understand the employee commitment of Mongolian junior high school teachers. The findings of this study found that the effect of work environment, career development, and teamwork on employee commitment used employee job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This study’s sample was collected through an online survey tool and 141 respondents responded. This thesis used descriptive analysis, correlation analysis to measure the strength of the linear relationship between variables and computed their association and multiple regression analysis to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables and discovered mediation. The results showed respondents agreed that their job satisfaction influences their commitment. If employees satisfied their job, they are more likely stay longer their current organization. The results of this study supported nearly all of the hypotheses. The study researcher hoped that the findings will help researchers to understand Mongolian junior high school teachers' employee commitment and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, the findings of this study can assist the human resources department by providing information about the factors that may influence employee commitment, such as work environment, career development, teamwork, and employee job satisfaction
[[alternative]]The Effects of Blended Essential Oil on Occupational Stress and Sleep Quality of Bancassurance Practitioners during Covid-19 Pandemic
No full text[[abstract]] 背景與目的：Covid-19造成全球性疫情嚴峻，使人類的生活模式大幅改變，人與人的交流多轉為e化，銀行保險通路服務對象多為中、高端客戶，關係維護需要面對面互動以建立的高度信賴關係，疫情當前，銀行保險從業人員的壓力、睡眠品質及健康問題值得關注。本研究目的旨在探討Covid-19疫情期間銀行保險從業人員壓力與睡眠品質的情況，藉由複方精油香氛扣的配戴與吸嗅，觀察芳香療法介入之成效。 材料及方法：研究對象為年齡25~60歲銀行保險從業人員共60名，性別不拘，實驗採二組平行前後測設計，受試者隨機分派至實驗組及對照組(waiting list control group)，實驗組白天以A複方精油(佛手柑及大西洋雪松)香氛扣配戴口罩上至少4小時，晚上則以B複方精油(甜橙及真正薰衣草)香氛扣置於習慣入睡方向的枕頭套上至少6小時，連續10天。評估工具為職業壓力指標第二版(Occupational Stress Indicator, OSI-2)與中文版匹茲堡睡眠品質量表(Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, CPSQI)。 結果：共計60位受試者完成實驗，兩組受試者在基本資料的分佈屬於同質。成對樣本t檢定分析組內差異，在職業壓力指標量表部分，實驗介入前後，兩組總分均未達統計顯著的差異。在匹茲堡睡眠品質量表部分，實驗介入前後，實驗組總分有顯著差異(p < 0.05 )，此外在分量表中「自我評估表」、「睡眠潛伏期」、「習慣性睡眠效率」、「日間精神狀態」，以上四部份皆有顯著的差異(p < 0.05 )。獨立樣本t檢定分析組間差異，在職業壓力指標量表部分，前測二組並無顯著差異，但後測結果則在分量表之「人際關係」中，二組有顯著的差異 (p < 0.05)。匹茲堡睡眠品質量表部分，前測結果二組並無顯著差異，但後測結果二組則有顯著的差異 (p < 0.05)，同時在分量表之「自我評估表」兩組也有顯著的差異 (p < 0.05)。以變化量百分比分析二組確診者之組間差異，在職業壓力指標量表部分，分量表中「工作負荷」、「人際關係」、「工作家庭平衡」、「組織氣氛」，二組有顯著的差異 (p < 0.05)。在匹茲堡睡眠品質量表部分，分量表中「自我評估表」、「日間精神狀態」，二組有顯著的差異(p < 0.05)。 結論：本研究結果顯示Covid-19疫情期間，複方精油介入對於銀行保險從業人員減緩工作壓力與改善睡眠品質皆有顯著效益。[[abstract]] Materials and Methods: The research subjects were 60 bancassurance practitioners aged 25-60 years old, regardless of gender. The experiment adopted a two-group parallel pre-and post-test design. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group wore a mask with the fragrance of “sample A” essential oil (Bergamot and Cedarwood Atlas) for at least 4 hours during the day, In the evening, place the “sample B” essential oil (Sweet Orange and True Lavender) fragrance button on the pillowcase in the direction they are used to sleeping for at least 6 hours, for 10 consecutive days. Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI-2) and Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) were used for the assessments. Result: The independent samples t-test was used to analyze the differences between groups. In OSI-2, there is a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test results in the subscale “Interpersonal relationship”. In CPSQI, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test results, and there was also a significant difference between the two groups in the “self-assessment form” of the subscale. The difference between the two groups of diagnosed persons was analyzed by the percentage change. In OSI-2, there are significant differences in the above four items in the subscales of “work load”, “interpersonal relationship”, “work-family balance”, and “organizational climate”. In CPSQI, there were significant differences in the subscales of “Self-Assessment Scale” and “Daytime Mental State”. Conclusion: The results of this study show that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the intervention of blended essential oils has significant benefits for bancassurance practitioners in alleviating work stress and improving sleep quality. It can be seen that aromatherapy is the most simple and effective natural therapy
[[alternative]]The Relationship among Green Experience, Natural Connection, and Occupational Burnout of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic
No full text[[abstract]] 背景與目的：COVID-19 於2019年開始侵襲全球並迅速蔓延，高傳染力帶來高死亡率，醫護人員也受到莫大的衝擊與挑戰，因此促進醫護人員的福址對他們的可持續性和生產力至關重要。過去研究顯示接觸大自然可以減少憤怒、恐懼和壓力，同時增加愉悅感，本研目的旨在究探討COVID-19 疫情期間醫護人員的綠色體驗、自然連結與職業疲勞之相關性。 材料及方法：本研究於民國111年11月1日至112年1月30日期間進行網路問卷之收集，調查對象為20～59歲之台灣執業中的醫療服務人員。問卷內容包括受訪者的社會人口特徵、疫情期間綠色體驗調查表、自然連結狀態量表、華人健康問卷與職業疲勞量表，收集資料譯碼後，輸入電腦以 SPSS 18.0 軟體為分析工具進行分析。 結果：研究收集線上問卷為300份，有效問卷為285份。女性255人(89.5%)、男性30人(10.5%)。年齡以40-49歲151人(53.0%)佔多數。COVID第一線人員126人(44.1%)、護理師131人(46.0%)、需要協助行政工作193人(67.7%)，確診過138人(48.4%)。29.0%受訪者在疫情期間每週停留住家附近的自然區域大約一次居多數；不曾拜訪者比例佔24.8%；室內的綠化程度10%者佔36.4%居多數。醫護人員的綠色體驗與自然連結有正相關、與整體職業疲勞有負相關；自然連結得分較高者其華人健康問卷得分較低(身心狀況較佳)，結果顯示時常的接觸自然綠地環境能幫助自覺心理健康，減少職業疲勞。 結論：研究結果證實接觸綠色空間和綠色景象，有益於疫情期間的身心健康，自然環境也是恢復身心與活力的主要能量來源，建議醫護工作者時常融入自然環境並與自然連結，得以投入更多的熱情在工作上。[[abstract]] Background and Purpose: COVID-19 begins to hit the world in 2019 and spreads rapidly, health care staff are challenged by the high transmission rate and the high mortality rate, and promoting health care workers' well-being is critical to their sustainability and productivity. Previous studies have shown that exposure to nature can reduce anger, fear, and stress while increasing feelings of well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between green experiences, natural associations, and occupational fatigue among health care workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: The online questionnaire was collected from November 1, 2022 to January 30, 2023. The target population was 20-59 years old health care workers in practice in Taiwan. The questionnaires included the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, the greenery experienced questionnaire during the epidemic, the connectedness to nature scale (CNS), the Chinese health questionnaire (CHQ-12), and the occupational burnout inventory (OBI). Results: The study collected 300 online questionnaires and 285 valid questionnaires. There were 255 females (89.5%) and 30 males (10.5%). The majority of respondents were aged 40-49 years old, 151 (53.0%). 126 (44.1%) were first-line covid workers, 131 (46.0%) were nurse practitioners, 193 (67.7%) needed administrative assistance, 138 (48.4%) had no confirmed diagnosis. 29.0% of respondents stayed in a natural area near their home about once a week during the outbreak. The majority of respondents stayed in a natural area near their homes about once during the epidemic; 24.8% did not visit the area; and 36.4% had the majority of indoor greenery at 10%. The green experience of health care workers was positively correlated with natural connection and negatively correlated with overall occupational burnout; those who scored higher on CNS had lower scores on the CHQ14 (better physical and mental condition), suggesting that regular exposure to natural green space can help with self-awareness of mental health and reduce occupational fatigue. Conclusion: The results of the study confirm that exposure to green space and green scenery has beneficial effects on physical and mental health throughout the epidemic, and that the natural environment is a major source of energy for recovery and vitality
[[alternative]]The Explanation and Research on the Concept of Happiness of the Twelve Vows of the Medicine Buddha Sutra
No full text[[abstract]] 《藥師經》為一部中晚時期的大乘佛教經典，其佛教的思想及信仰於晉宋間開始在漢地盛行，在隋唐時期傳學達到一個高潮，此後回轉於民間，雖然在中國佛教的信仰、思想以及文化之中，一直都發揮其重要的作用與影響，《藥師經》有獨具特色而厚博精深的佛教思想，其內涵特質及其意義與當代人們所渴望的安樂與幸福的生命境界，是我們終其一生所要追尋的目標。 本論文藉由《藥師經》藥師佛所發之十二大願的觀歸納分析，將幸福分為內在幸福、外在幸福與超越的幸福，從文獻梳理分析發現，要有幸福安樂的人生，擁有「正知正見」及身體健康與歡喜是很重要的因素，第二章從藥師佛所發的願力從戒行清淨、諸根具足、改邪歸正與得妙飲食的章節由內心的平靜無擾與滿足為立足點而向外開展追求另一層次的幸福。第三章以開曉事業、無盡資生與身心康樂及得妙衣具，為探究現世的富足安樂並切入人間佛教的濟世本懷，第四章則從藥師經的生佛平等、安立大道及轉女成男與解脫憂苦來為其出世幸福探究，幸福是要往內的自性開發，不假外求。 從《藥師經》內涵主旨可以歸納爬梳，雖然人生不如意十之八九，從學佛，改變自我而為（自利)，效法佛菩薩的濟世願力行佛，令他人也能獲得利益喜悅（利人)並不斷的精進修持，減輕身心疾患的煩惱束縛與折磨（超越)，淨化自心與人心，實踐琉璃佛國淨土的人間理念。[[abstract]] “Medicine Buddha Sutra” is a Mahayana Buddhist classic in the middle and late period. Its Buddhist ideas and beliefs began to prevail in the Han Dynasty during the Jin and Song Dynasties. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, its transmission reached a climax, and then it returned to the people. It has always played an important role and influence in beliefs, thoughts and culture. The Book of Medicine has a unique and profound Buddhist thought. The realm of life is the goal that we must pursue throughout our lives. Based on the inductive analysis of the twelve major vows made by the Medicine Buddha in the Book of Medicine, the thesis divides happiness into inner happiness, outer happiness and transcendent happiness. “Right knowledge and right view” and physical health and happiness are very important factors. The second chapter starts from the vows made by Medicine Buddha, from the chapters on the purity of morality, the fulfillment of all faculties, the recovery of evil and the righteousness and the acquisition of wonderful food. From the chapter on inner peace Undisturbed and contented as a foothold, proceed outward in pursuit of another level of happiness. The third chapter focuses on the enlightenment of career, endless wealth, physical and mental well-being, and the acquisition of wonderful clothes, in order to explore the prosperity and happiness of this world and cut into the essence of humanistic Buddhism. A woman becomes a man and liberates herself from sorrow and suffering to explore her birth happiness. Happiness is to develop one's inner self, not to seek outside. From the connotation of the Medicine Master Sutra, it can be summarized and combed. Although life is not as good as nine out of ten, it is necessary to learn Buddhism, change oneself and do it (self-interest), imitate the Buddha and Bodhisattva's wish to save the world and practice Buddha, so that others can also obtain benefits and joy ( Benefit people) and continue to practice diligently, relieve the afflictions and torture (transcendence) of physical and mental illness, purify one's own mind and human heart, and practice the human concept of the Pure Land of the Lazuli Buddha Kingdom
[[alternative]]The Day-of-the-Week Effects of Taiwan's Stock Market in Different Industries
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究藉由探討臺灣股市面對無可避免疫情之交易行為與特性，尋找出臺灣股市特殊時期異常報酬現象之原因，其中加入星期效應探討，臺灣股價的星期效應。運用一般化自我迴歸條件異質變異數模型(GARCH)分析臺灣股市的報酬率，實證結果顯示30個產業在週四的報酬最低，週一的報酬最高，在考慮新冠肺炎變數後，研究表示波動無明顯差異僅有四個產業分別為食品工業、電子、半導體業和通信網路業，其餘皆有明顯差異，經此研究得知，新冠肺炎帶來的異常波動並未造成報酬上的差異。[[abstract]] By exploring the trading behavior and characteristics of the Taiwan stock market in the face of the inevitable epidemic, this study finds the reasons for the abnormal remuneration phenomenon in the special period of the Taiwan stock market, which includes the weekly effect and the weekly effect of Taiwan's stock price. The so-called week effect, in which Saturday has a positive excess reward greater than Tuesday to Friday, but Monday has a negative reward that is smaller than on other days. The Generalized Self-Regressive Conditional Heterogeneous Variation Model (GARCH) was used to analyze the return rate of the Taiwan stock market
[[alternative]]A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Teaching and Online Teaching: The Perspectives of Elementary School Teachers in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]] 因應科技與網際網路的進步，加上新冠肺炎疫情的影響，教學型態因此改變，教師教學模式從傳統教學更改為線上教學。因此本研究以臺灣國小為例，透過文獻分析法和深度訪談，來探討國小教師使用傳統教學與線上教學之差異，分析臺灣國小教師在傳統教學與線上教學之情形，以及教學效能之差異，並進行研究分析與提出建議。 本研究採用深度訪談法，訪問臺灣北部、中部、南部各二至三位國小教師，瞭解臺灣國小教師使用傳統教學與線上教學之教學現況，並分析其優缺點以及教學效能。 本研究結論如下：1. 傳統教學模式能及時的面對面與學生溝通，因此教師較易掌握學生學習狀況。但相對的，因為能與學生面對面互動，所以特殊狀況考驗著教師教學以及靈機應變以及的能力。2. 線上教學模式不受時間、空間的限制，學生可於任何時間、任何地方進行學習，但需要仰賴線上教學的設備以及學生的學習自主性、加上家長的配合。[[abstract]] In response to the advancements in technology and the Internet, coupled with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the teaching methods have undergone a transformation, with a shift from traditional classroom teaching to online instruction. Therefore, this study takes Taiwanese elementary schools as an example to explore the differences between traditional teaching and online teaching among elementary school teachers. It analyzes the situations of teachers in Taiwan regarding traditional teaching and online teaching, as well as the differences in teaching effectiveness, and provides research analysis and recommendations. This study adopts the method of in-depth interviews, interviewing two to three elementary school teachers in northern, central, and southern Taiwan to understand the current teaching practices of elementary school teachers in Taiwan regarding traditional teaching and online teaching. It also analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and teaching effectiveness of these methods. The conclusions of this study are as follows:1. Traditional teaching methods allow for face-to-face communication with students in real-time, making it easier for teachers to grasp students' learning progress. However, the ability of teachers to adapt to unforeseen circumstances and respond quickly is tested due to the face-to-face interaction with students.2. Online teaching methods are not constrained by time and space, allowing students to learn at any time and from anywhere. However, it relies on the availability of online teaching devices, the self-directed learning capabilities of students, and the cooperation of parents
[[alternative]]Blooming and Withering: Discourse on the Chinese Painting by Chia-Ming Lu
No full text[[abstract]] 本文以植物花卉作為創作研究的主要對象，從「榮」與「枯」相對面向進行概念發想。每一種植物都有其獨特的符號與象徵意義，藉由水墨韻味與古今交融，以水墨畫筆來紀錄一場生命榮枯的自然之美。 本文以文獻分析、圖像學、藝術史與行動研究法，為主要研究方法。從自然觀、藝術觀與宗教觀來探討「榮枯」在不同層面上的啟發意義，以及所要表達的自然生命內涵，試圖重新詮釋水墨創作的多元性，並嘗試融入東西方美學，在畫面中帶來相互衝突的視覺空間表現，建構花藝、書藝與繪畫三位一體的多重感官視野，創造出突顯於表象之外的作品。 作品的表現形式上，以圖像符號、象徵意涵、技法運用、色彩表現等方法，讓研究主題在情感與意境中，發現生命的榮枯之美。研究結果在突顯傳統水墨與現代技法的相融性，以及禪美學的生活實踐。藉由文獻資料的蒐集與分析，了解禪美學在古今的發展脈絡與應用。透過水墨圖像的詮釋與生命經驗的連結，從研究創作實踐中，看見生命無常中的變化，進而學習「榮枯自在」的人生觀與豁達的心境。[[abstract]] In this paper, flower plants are the main object of the creative study. The contrasting concepts of “blooming” and “withering” are the cornerstone of the creation. Each kind of plant has its unique symbol and symbolic meaning. By means of ink painting and the blend of the ancient and modern, the brush is used to record the natural beauty of life. This paper takes document analysis, action research, and quality consideration as the main research methods to explore the enlightening meanings of “blooming” and “withering” on different levels from the perspectives of life, art, and religion. On the other hand, the meanings of natural life are expressed through these methods. In addition, this paper is intended to reinterpret the diversity of the creation of ink painting, and to integrate Eastern and Western aesthetics with a view to bringing conflicting visual expressions together in a picture, to construct a multisensory vision with the trinity of floral art, calligraphy, and painting, and to create a work beyond its appearance. In terms of the form of expression of the artwork, various methods including visual symbols, symbolic meanings, technique application, and color expression are employed to explore the beauty of blooming and withering in life within emotions and artistic conception. The research findings highlight the harmonious integration of traditional ink painting techniques with modern approaches, as well as the practical application of Zen aesthetics in daily life. Through the collection and analysis of literature, an understanding of the historical development and application of Zen aesthetics in both ancient and contemporary contexts is obtained. By means of ink painting images and connecting them with life experiences, the research and creative practice allow for the observation of changes within the impermanence of life, thus fostering a life philosophy of embracing both prosperity and decline and cultivating broad-mindedness