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[[alternative]]My Life, Your Decision? Democratic Autocracy and Taiwanese Post-Colonial Ethnic Politics
No full text[[abstract]] 自從國會全面改選與總統直選以來，民主政治成為臺灣各界引以為傲的價值。尤其，近年來兩岸關係惡化、敵意的升高，民主更成為臺灣與中國區隔，並予以鄙視的依據。 然而，如同美國最近關於墮胎權的大法官裁決，專制的暴政完全可以在民主制度下產生，民主並不在本質上與專制暴政互斥。從此，本文主張，對於臺灣民主的自豪，與特定的政治意識型態有高度相關，反應的是以民主為名，但基於種族主義的民主暴政。對此，本文將透過網路問卷調查，加以證實。[[abstract]] Since the general re-election of the National Assembly and the direct election of the President, democratic politics has become a value that all walks of life in Taiwan are proud of.In particular, in recent years, cross-strait relations have deteriorated, hostility has increased, and democracy has become the basis for separating and despising Taiwan from China. However, like the recent US justice ruling on abortion rights, autocratic tyranny can be produced in a democratic system, and democracy is not inherently mutually exclusive with autocratic tyranny.Henceforth, this article argues that pride in Taiwan's democracy is highly correlated with a specific political ideology, reflecting the tyranny of democracy in the name of democracy but based on racism. In this regard, this article will be confirmed through an online questionnaire survey
[[alternative]]A Study of the Attractiveness and Satisfaction of Using Log Integrated Play Equipment in Small-Scale Amusement Parks
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究之目的在於探討原木綜合遊具在國小遊戲場吸引力及使用滿意度，研究方法採調查研究法，設計問卷進行滿意度調查，以「原木綜合遊具在國小遊戲場吸引力及使用滿意度問卷」作為研究工具，針對嘉義縣中埔鄉和興國民小學、臺南市安平區安平國民小學及屏東縣昌隆國民小學的三至六年級的學童做為研究對象，實施抽樣問卷調查，回收之有效問卷採取描述統計、項目分析、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及重要表現程度分析法等統計分析，研究結果如下：一、最常使用的時段為下課時間（72.4％），每天平均停留頻率很少最高（36.9％），每週使用頻率少於一次最高（37.9％），最常一起使用對象為同學（77.6％）。二、國小學童使用原木綜合遊具吸引力認知最高的是附加價值設施(如原木材質、草皮地墊、遊戲告示牌等) 規劃；國小學童使用原木綜合遊具滿意度認知最高的是原木綜合遊具造型及色彩樣式。三、第Ⅰ象限有震盪遊具（吊橋、浪木）、原木綜合遊具造型及色彩樣式、原木綜合遊具的管理(如環境衛生、安全性等)維護為吸引力與實際感受滿意度皆高，屬繼續保持區的屬性，是學童需求性較高的項目。四、第Ⅱ象限有平衡遊具（平台平衡木）、增進同學及朋友間之感情及人際關係、附加價值設施(如原木材質、草皮地墊、遊戲告示牌等)規劃為吸引力高與實際感受滿意度低，未獲得學童之認同，屬極須加強改善之屬性。五、第Ⅲ象限有有滑溜遊具（溜滑梯）為吸引力與實際感受滿意度皆低，屬劣勢區的屬性，應該積極列為改善之重點。六、第Ⅳ象限有攀鑽爬遊具（攀爬架、攀爬網、車輪攀爬架）、增加遊戲場趣味性、原木綜合遊具遊戲氣氛整體的感覺為吸引力低與實際感受滿意度高，為供給過度。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study was to investigate the attractiveness and satisfaction of the log integrated play equipment in elementary schools.The participants were the third- to sixth graders from Hope-Shine Elementary School of Chiayi County, Anping Elementary School of Tainan City, and Changlong Elementary School of Pindong County. The results of the study were analyzed by descriptive statistics, item analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's difference-in-difference correlation, and importance-performance analysis. The results of the study were as follows:1. The most frequently used time period was the end of class (72.4%), the highest average daily stay frequency was rarely (36.9%), the highest used frequency was less than once a week (37.9%), and the most frequently used object was classmates (77.6%).2. The highest awareness of the attractiveness of the log integrated play equipment among elementary school children was the planning of additional value facilities (e.g., raw wood, turf mats, game signs, etc.); the highest awareness of the satisfaction of elementary school children in using log integrated play equipment was the hapes and the color styles of the log integrated play equipment.3. The first quadrant included shocking play equipment (e.g., suspension bridge, wave wood), log integrated play equipment’s shape and color style, and log integrated play equipment management (such as environmental hygiene, safety,etc.), which were maintained as attractive and satisfied with the actual feeling, and were attributes that continue to be maintained in the area and were in the higher demand by students.4. The second quadrant included balanced play equipment (e.g., platform balance beam), enhanced feelings and interpersonal relationships among classmates and friends, and value added facilities (e.g., raw wood, turf mats, game signs,etc.) planned to have high attractiveness and low actual satisfaction, which were not recognized by the students and were attributes that need to be improved.5. The third quadrant included sliding rides (e.g., slides) with low attractiveness and actual satisfaction, which was a disadvantageous property and should have been actively listed as a key point for improvement.6. The fourth quadrant included climbing toys (e.g., climbing frame, climbing net, and wheel climbing frame), increase the fun of the playground, the overall feeling of the log comprehensive playground game atmosphere was low attractiveness and high satisfaction of the actual feeling, for oversupply
Channel coordination and transaction cost: A game-theoretic analysis
No full text[[abstract]]Traditional research identified equilibrium marketing channel coordination by using a classical demand function, and classical economic theory often ignored transaction costs. This paper develops a transaction cost linear demand function to investigate channel decision marking when transaction costs exist. Game theory is used to compare a non-cooperative equilibrium of a differential game played under Stackelberg strategies. By focusing on the effect of the distributor's transaction costs with respect to the marketing decision variables, especially the transaction cost and profit distribution, a fuller understanding of the entire decision structure is obtained. Some results are surprising, which set up the benchmark comparisons for future work in this area
Note on the production function for organizations doing case work
No full text[[abstract]]This paper examines the decision-makers' contribution to an organization's output by constructing a production function. In this production function the employees' work time enter as inputs and the average delay of a case work in the organization hierarchy is considered as the output. The model is pondered as a multi-factor production function for the multi-level organizations. Such a production function has some properties which are like the common properties of the microeconomic production function, but it is non-homothetic
Valuation by using a fuzzy discounted cash flow model
No full text[[abstract]]The objective of this paper is to extend the classical discounted cash flow (DCF) model by developing a fuzzy logic system that takes vague cash flow and imprecise discount rate into account. In order to explicitly discuss a more appropriate valuation model, uncertain information will be fuzzified as triangular fuzzy numbers to quantify and evaluate the intrinsic value of a company's financial asset under the framework of DCF approach. We will find that the fuzzy discounted cash flow (FDCF) model proposed in this paper is one extension of classical (crisp) model and should be more suitable to capture the elements of valuation than non-fuzzy models
[[alternative]]The Enforcement of Environmental Policy in the Presence of the Firm-Firm Damage Effect
No full text[[abstract]]環保標準制是一種針對環境維護所需成本和所獲得環境改善之利益，加以衡量，而所制定之最高污染排放量。政策執行者再依此標準值，嚴格實施。一有違反，將受嚴厲處罰。然而，本文研究發現:在廠商與廠商間破壞效果存在下，既使廠商嚴格遵守政府所制定的污染排放標準，最佳福利狀態仍然無法達成。因此，本文建議:在廠商與廠商間破壞效果存在下，污染排放標準與環保稅合併之實施，才是有效控制污染並達成社會最佳福利狀態的制度。
In the presence of the firm-firm damage effect, the implementation of an emission standard only to control pollution can not reach to the Pareto optimality so that further measures should be taken as an auxiliary instrument to an emission standard system for the achievement of social optimality. An effective tax scheme is designed to serve the policy planner in the evaluation of the environmental policies for efficient resource allocation. The results of this paper show that a combination of an emission standard and goods tax would be an effective policy to reach to the social objective of maximized social welfare
The pricing strategy of complete pre-ordered merchandise under discounted profit for maximizing
No full text[[abstract]]When a customer steps into a complete pre-ordered store, he will review the merchandise and consider his demands based on the merchandise price levels and price variability at that point in time. However, after declaring his intention to purchase said merchandise, the store assistant informs him that the merchandise will not be available for a period of time. This is a typical stock-out merchandise scenario in which customers may only place an order for delivery at a later point in time. Therefore, whether or not customer purchases merchandise does not just depend on the price at that moment. It is also influenced by the expected future increase or decrease of the price of the merchandise and the length of time before the store can supply the merchandise. In this study, we will explore how to set price levels at each point in time during the stock-out period in order to maximize the discounted profit after considering the influence of the price level, price variability, and waiting time on customer demand. The main assumption in this study is that customers' potential demand rate function at a given point during the stock-out period is a linear function of the price level and price variability at that point. Also, the ratio function of customers willing to wait for the merchandise is an exponential function of the length of time before the merchandise will be delivered. Constructing a mathematical model that is concrete to discuss the above problem, to derive the optimal price function of the merchandise at each point in time, and to discuss the characteristics of this function are the main parts of this study
The Decision of Designing an Effective Bonus Scheme for the Monopolist and His Heterogeneous Sales Forces
No full text[[abstract]]This paper presents two dynamic models, from the views of the company and its heterogeneous sales forces respectively, to find the principles of designing an effective bonus scheme for a monopolist. We obtain: (i) the increases of the sales potential elasticity may cause the decreases of the terminal sales volumes and the bonus scheme’s change rate; (ii) the relationship between the sales forces’ unit cost of product and the sales potential elasticity for the starting point of bonus scheme; (iii) the influences of the sales forces’ and the company’s markup limits on the terminal sales volumes and the change rate of bonus scheme; (iv) the management can shorten the time horizon for a higher discount rate or a lower change rate of bonus scheme
The effects of social support on revisiting intention of people from minority groups
No full text[[abstract]]We explored the impact of social support on revisiting intention of people who were from minority groups, an issue that has largely been ignored in the existing literature. Our sample included 417 people with physical disabilities, or with a low income, foreign brides, or people who were widowed. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated there was a significant negative effect of leisure constraints on revisiting intention for those without social support. Thus, social support mitigates the influence of leisure constraints on revisiting intention
Effects of Centralization on Expected Costs in a Multi-Location Newsboy Problem
No full text[[abstract]]This is a single-period, single-product inventory model with several individual sources of demand. It is a multi-location problem with an opportunity for centralization. The holding and penalty cost functions at each location are assumed to be identical. Two types of inventory system are considered in this paper: the decentralized system and the centralized system. The decentralized system is a system in which a separate inventory is kept to satisfy the demand at each source of demand. The centralized system is a system in which all demands are satisfied from one central warehouse. This paper demonstrates that, for any probability distribution of a location's demands, the following properties are always true: given that the holding and penalty cost functions are identical at all locations, (1) if the holding and penalty cost functions are concave functions, then the expected holding and penalty costs in a decentralized system exceed those in a centralized system, except that (2) if the holding and penalty cost functions are linear functions, and for any i ≠ j, Pij, the coefficient of correlation between the ith location's demand and the jth location's demand is equal to 1, then the expected holding and penalty costs in a decentralized system are equal to those in a centralized system